Ballistic agha "Sineva": e ji mara na nkọwa

Back na narị afọ nke 19, ndị mgbalị mbụ ebe akụ ụta na submarines e weere. The echiche bụ nke Russian engineer K. A. Shilderu. Dị ka oru ngo na Alexandrovsky foundry na March 1834 na ọ e wuru "rọketi" okpuru mmiri. Ma, ọ dịghị mgbe e kuchiri site Russian Imperial Navy. Otú ọ dị, echiche nke na-anapụta agba covertly okpuru mmiri e mepụtara na mmepe nke ọzọ agha injinia. -Adọrọ mmasị karịsịa site na nke a echiche nke agha "Sineva".

Mmiri n'okpuru osimiri ngwá agha nke mmegwara

III Reich nwara mejuputa echiche nke launching agba site na a ụgbọ okpuru mmiri na omume. Ya mere, na etiti nke Peenemunde okpomọkụ nke 1942. Na-511 okpuru mmiri converted n'ihi nzube a. Iji mezuo nke a, na roketi - mgbawa mines caliber 280 mm na 210 mm - e bipụta.

Ọzọkwa mụụrụ ule nke égbè e rụrụ na ogbu nke n'etiti 9 na 15 mita. Na nke a, na kacha nso nke agha bụ n'ime 4 km.

Firing pụta ịga nke ọma otú ahụ na ule akụkọ ahụ egosipụtala na-ekwe omume nke itinye nzuzo iku site German submarines na American n'ụsọ oké osimiri.

The "Wave"

Mgbe ọrụ nke launching agba si submarines mkpa ka a na n'ime akaụntụ ọtụtụ mmiri. Ndị a gụnyere:

• rocketry;
• mmiri n'okpuru osimiri shipbuilding;
• Ẹkedori akụ ụta;
• akara ke ụgbọ elu.

izute nsogbu ndị a ngo natara koodu "Wave", na October 1948 engineer V. Ganin e nyefere ihe nchepụta nke akwụkwọ. Ọ na-e kwuru na ikike ẹkedori akụ ụta site na ọnọdụ dị iche iche:

• kwụ,
• vetikal
• ọchịchọ.

The ndabere maka niile agba ghọrọ ụwa mbụ arụmọrụ-kenkwucha P-11. O nwere ọtụtụ uru:

• Ikpughe na jupụta ala;
• obere size;
• ji dị ka oxidizing gị n'ụlọnga mmiri dabeere na nitric acid.

All a enyerela ka mfe ime ihe dị otú ahụ ngwá agha.

Mmiri n'okpuru osimiri mmalite, na nke R-21 mee mmiri mmiri rọketi mere na USSR. Ọ bụ na 1960. Na nke a, na-amalite na ụgbọ agha okpuru mmiri akụ ụta e mere na o kwere omume na mmiri n'okpuru osimiri ogbu nke 40 ruo 50 mita.

"Sineva"

Ọ nwere ihe pụrụ iche atụmatụ usoro P-29RM, nke a na mma mara dị ka a ballistic agha "The-acha anụnụ anụnụ."

Ọ doziri ọtụtụ nsogbu:

• N'ezie mgbazi na n'ókè nke Satellites;
• ụgbọ elu ụzọ gbanwere dabere na anya;
• ike edoghi any ekenye warheads dị iche iche ebumnobi;
• na ojiji nke agba na Arctic.

Ekwe omume nke ọkụ si North osisi na-e gosiputara na September 2006 agha na-ebu "Yekaterinburg". agha "Sineva" e ji na mmalite-elu.

Ụgbọ agha okpuru mmiri "Tula"

Echiche nke ịtụkwasị ogologo nso agba na submarines e n'ụzọ zuru ezu na-emejuputa atumatu na nuclear okpuru mmiri "Tula".

Iji arụnyere agha "Sineva" (P-29 RMU2), site na June 2000 na April 21, 2004 "Tula" were a miri emi modernization, nke nyeere dịkwuo stealth okpuru mmiri. Ọ mma electronic ngwá agha. Nwekwara ụba ship survivability usoro, nke na-agụnye nuclear nchekwa.

"Tula" nwere mmiri n'okpuru osimiri ọsọ nke 24 mara akpụ (44 km / Ọrụ Nchịkwa) na kacha imikpu omimi nke 650 mita. The kwurula igodo, ọ pụrụ ịbụ 90 ụbọchị na a-arụ ọrụ nke 140 ndị mmadụ.

Mgwo agha okpuru mmiri kwa siri ike. Ke adianade ballistic agha "Sineva" (P-29 RMU2) na 16 launchers maka okpuru mmiri onwem na torpedo akpa. Ọzọkwa on board bụ MANPADS "Igla-1" (9K310).

Iji nwere ihe echiche nke akụkụ nke klas nuclear okpuru mmiri "Tula", aha nwere ike ma ka na-kasị ukwuu ogologo (na imewe waterline) - 167,4 mita! Na ogologo nke football ubi, e.g., 120 mita.

Mgbe upgrading okpuru mmiri "Tula" emewo ka e nwee agha igba egbe "Sineva" na Barents Sea na zaa na Equatorial Pacific. Mgbe n'imeri 11.547 km zaa na-ọma kụrụ.

Atụmatụ "Sineva"

Atọ-ogbo agha, kpụrụ akpụ site na akara circuit nke nkebi mere ndokwa sequentially. Boosters "mmiri riri" na LRE tankị otu jikọrọ nzukọ nke tank-akọrọ usoro.

Mgbe ndị agha nke ịdị arọ nke 40,3 m ogologo 14,8 mita. N'ihi na-ede ihe na-amalite aro pl n'obosara belata ka 1.9 m, uka nke naanị isi akụkụ bụ hà 2.8 m.

Otu nke atụmatụ nke rọketi bụ isi isi akụkụ, nke na-emi esịnede anọ na iri nkanka. N'ihi ya, onye ọ bụla n'ime ha nwere na onye nduzi.

Ọ bụrụ na bọmbụ na-eji ndị na-abụghị nuclear esemokwu, isi akụkụ na-onwem na a elu na-agbawa agbawa fragmentation warhead ndochi, nke ji banyere 2 tọn. Ndị a na usoro nwere ahụkebe mma - elu-nkenke mbibi nke zaa.

Agha "Sineva", ndị e ji mara nke anyị na-atụle ike-onwem na a nuclear warhead ultrasmall size ( TNT Ẹkot nke 50 tọn). Nke a-enye gị ohere itinye ịwa ahụ etiwapụ na a nyere ebe.

"Hụrụ" firing nso

Intercontinental agha "The-acha anụnụ anụnụ" esịne ke agba D-9RM. Ha na-ebu nuclear submarines 667BRDM oru ngo (NATO nhazi ọkwa Delta-IV).

The mgbagwoju onwe ya were na promvooruzhenie ke 1986. Ma site na 1996 ruo 1999, na nke agba kwụsịrị. Na na 1999 ha mmepụta maliteghachiri ọzọ na a modernized version.

Na mma nke elu ugwu nke ndị agha "Sineva" karịrị egosi nke US usoro a na klas ( "Trident-2"), nke nwere ike imeri ihe mgbochi nke 11 puku kilomita. A idobere na anya adịghị ihe ọ bụla onye agha na ụwa.

N'otu oge ahụ na eze kwuru na nso "Sineva" bụ 8300 km. Ebe ọ bụ na mgbe ụgbọ mmiri e mere agha Onya -acha anụnụ anụnụ?

Ọchịagha na Chief nke Russian Navy Vladimir Vysotsky e asian na a mgbanwe agba burugodị na nuclear submarines arụ ọrụ na ọgụ ọrụ n'ime osimiri. Naanị nke 7 nke agha oru ngo-a nwetara site Russian Navy.

"Bulava"

Intercontinental ballistic agha "Bulava" na-azọrọ na iji kwadebe okpuru mmiri ụdị "Northwind", nke dị 12 agha silos.

Nke a na usoro nke tozuru etozu arụmọrụ na ala dabeere agha okụre "Topol-M". Na nke a, "Bulava" okirikiri nke ụgbọ elu esịmde 8000 km, na a arọ nke 36,8 tọn agba. Nuclear warheads nwere otutu warheads. Ọchịchọ mmalite na-enye ohere mmiri n'okpuru osimiri mmalite "na-aga."

Dị ka ya e ji mara agha "Bulava" na "Sineva" yiri nnọọ na iche naanị na ụdị propulsion engine. Na "Bulava" Ọ bụ ihe siri ike, na "Sineva" - mmiri mmiri. Ọ ga-kwuru na na ikpeazụ na-adọ nke agha ụgbọ elu "mace" mee fluidic moto, na-enye ndị ọzọ ohere ịmụba ọsọ na-achịkwa.

Udo ngwa ballistic agba

Nchigharị omume outboard ballistic agba bụ ihe ndabere maka imewe nke ndị dị otú ahụ na-ebu dị ka "Wave" na "Obi nwayọọ".

N'ezie, ha ida ha ike, "Union" na "Proton", ma na ọ na-nnọọ nke ọma na-emegharị ka ugboelu nnyefe n'ime ala Earth orbit.

Ndị a okụre dị ka "Obi nwayọọ" na "Wave" ghọrọ a maara ekele eziokwu na ha e kere na ndabere nke R-29R (agha "Sineva").

Na 1991-1993, Russian submariners e mere atọ amalite dị otú ahụ agba maka suborbital trajectory.

Olee ihe ọzọ nwere ike ịbụ na-akpali iburu n'obi? Nchigharị ụdị akụ ụta "Sineva" ọbụna n'akwụkwọ Guinness World Records dị ka ndị kasị-mail.

June 7, 1995 na-enyemaka nke na ụgbọelu rọketi R-29R na a set nke na nkà mmụta sayensị na ngwá na oru site Russian nuclear-kwadoro icebreaker "Ryazan". On osisi na-etinye e-mail ozi. Mgbe 20 nkeji, na-efe efe 9000 km, ndị Capsule ọma nye Kamchatka.