Benzoic acid

Benzoic acid - bụ mfe nnọchiteanya nke klas nke carboxylic ma ọ bụ organic acid na chemical usoro C6H5COOH. Nke a chemical compound nwere ike sị na ọ kpụrụ dochie otu hydrogen atọm mmasị a carbon atọm nke benzene mgbanaka na a carboxy otu.

Benzoic acid anya bụ a colorless crystalline siri ike na a njupụta nke 1,27 g / cm³ na a molekụla arọ nke 122,1 g / ahumachi. Agbaze ebe C6H5COOH hà 122,41 ° C na esi - 249,2 Celsius C. Na 1 liter nke mmiri na-enwe ike igbari 2.9 g C6H5COOH umi. Acidity bụ 4,202, na Refractive index bụ 1,5397.

The aha na-ewepụtara benzoin, nke narị afọ nke 16 (nke mbụ e kwuru Nostradamus na 1556, na mgbe ahụ Blaise de Vigenère na 1596), a umi mbụ dịpụrụ adịpụ site sublimation. N'ihi na a ogologo oge, a eke compound nọgidere naanị iyi nke acid.

Na 1832 site na a mmiri ọgwụ J. Liebig mbụ kọwara na Ọdịdị nke benzoic acid, na 1875 a German physiologist Ernst Leopold Salkowski nyochaworo ya antifungal na antiseptik Njirimara. The salts na-eji dị ka a ihe eji egbochi mmebi na nri na ngwaahịa, na benzoic acid onwe ya bụ ihe dị mkpa akụrụngwa n'ihi njikọ nke ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ na organic ogige. Ọtụtụ ndị odozi akụ na taa iji nke a pụrụ iche ike nke carboxylic acid maka ogologo oge nchekwa lingonberry tomato enweghị ọzọ nchekwa (ọbụna na-enweghị kwukwara sugar) ma ọ bụ pụrụ iche nhazi ụzọ.

Esters nke benzoic acid na salts ya na-mara dị ka benzoates. Qualitative e ji mara nke aromatic ogige ma carboxylic asịd agwakọta benzoic acid. Ya chemical Njirimara na-ekpebisi ike site na ọnụnọ nke aromatic mgbanaka na a carboxyl otu.

N'ihi na aromatic mgbanaka e ji mara electrophilic nnọchi mmeghachi omume tumadi maka nke atọ carbon atọm, nke ebe a kpebisiri ike ikwu na carboxyl otu.

The abụọ atụmatụ bụ a nnọchi mmeghachi omume na-aga na ebe nke hydrogen nke carboxyl otu na iji nwayọọ.

All Jeremaya kwuru maka carboxylic asịd, bụ nakwa àgwà maka C6H5COOH.

N'ihi na pụrụ iche antiseptik na antifungal Njirimara, benzoic acid na-eji na canning. Ọ na-eji dị ka a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke nri nwekwara E210-E213. Benzoic acid nkanka na enzymes na metabolism na-emerụ unicellular ntule. Ekele ya edinam gbochie uto nke yeasts, Ebu na ọtụtụ ọrịa na-eme ka nje bacteria. Jiri benzoic acid ma ọ bụ ya sodium, potassium ma ọ bụ calcium salts.

The umi ike nke na-egosi antimicrobial ọrụ naanị na acidic oriri. Ọ bụrụ na intracellular onye Onyenwe anyị + na-erughị ma ọ bụ hà 5, anaerobic gbaa ụka nke glucose na-belata 95%. Nrụpụta acid na benzoates na-adabere na onye Onyenwe anyị + nke ihe oriri. Ihe ọṅụṅụ mkpụrụ osisi (nwere citric acid), na-egbuke na-aba n'anya (nwere CO2), na-abụghị na-aba n'anya (nwere phosphoric acid), pickles (acetic acid) ma ọ bụ ndị ọzọ chekwara oriri acidification acid na ya salts. Ezigbo kasịnụ ke ichebe nri bụ na nso nke 0.05-0.1%.

Dabere toluene mgbe synthesized benzoic acid. Nkwadebe ya aga site na mmeghachi omume atụmatụ methylbenzene ọxịdashọn na potassium permanganate. On a azụmahịa ndabere bụ a pụrụ iche organic compound emepụta site ele mmadụ anya n'ihu ọxịdashọn nke toluene na oxygen. The usoro na-ewe ke a pụrụ iche mkpali. N'ihi na laboratories benzoic acid bụ ọnụ ala ma na dị reagent. N'ihi na ihe niile syntheses, ọ nwere ike dị ọcha site recrystallization si okenye ihe ngwọta. Na nke a, ihe onwunwe nke elu solubility na mmiri ọkụ na ndị ogbenye solubility mmiri oyi.

Benzoic acid okụt mbara iji dị ka a ihe eji egbochi mmebi nke nri, na nkà mmụta ọgwụ na organic njikọ dabeere na ya na-nwetara dị iche iche organic bekee, gụnyere e ji esiji ákwà. Ọzọkwa, ọ na-eji na chemical ụlọ ọrụ ma ọ bụ na omume nke gbasara nyocha laboratories.