Biome - ihe bụ nke a?

Were ecosystems na mbara ala, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na-agbalị maka a ogologo oge. Ma n'ihi nnukwu ọnụ ọgụgụ bezrangovsti na eke ecosystems ịgụnye ọ bụla ndoro mmiri na uro na ájá dunes na ya ilekota, ọ bụ ekwe omume. Nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi, e kpebiri were Nchikota multiple ecosystems - biomes.

Biome - ihe bụ nke a?

Anyị na-anụ a ọtụtụ ihe banyere ndị dị iche iche biomes, ma ole na ole nke anyị bụ otú n'ụzọ ziri ezi e ji okwu. Na a n'ozuzu ya, biome - a nnukwu ndu usoro na ya idụhe. Nke a na usoro e ji achị osisi na ya, ma ọ bụ odida obodo. E nwere a definition ka terrariums biomes. Nke a pụtara ọ bụla minerals, osisi, na ụmụ anụmanụ na-emepụta na ya n'ókèala. Ka ihe atụ, biome nke deciduous ọhịa - adịkwaghị deciduous osisi. Ma ọ bụ ero biome - na mpaghara na-a dee mmiri ihu igwe adabara ndụ nke dị iche iche ụdị dịkwa ka usoro ha na ha spores. Ọ bụrụ na anyị na-esi n'ebe ugwu na ụwa, ị pụrụ ịhụ niile bụ isi biomes.

Olee otú ọtụtụ ndị isi biome?

Gịnị adịkwaghị biomes ihe na ihe ha na ọnụ ọgụgụ? Ecologists mata itoolu isi biomes n'ala. First biome - bụ Tundra, nke abụọ - na apịtị. Next biome nke deciduous ọhịa na ọnọdụ ihu igwe mpaghara, biome steppe chaparol (Mediterranean osisi), desert, ebe okpomọkụ gbọrọ ụja, ogwu (okpomọkụ) oké ọhịa, na nke itoolu biome - a okpomọkụ ohia mmiri ozuzo. Onye ọ bụla bụ ihe pụrụ iche na ihu igwe, ahịhịa na fauna. Iche iche, iri paragraf nwere ike ịmata ihe dị iche ebighi ice - oyi biome.

Tundra na apịtị

Tundra - a biome na perennials. Ọ enyene ọtụtụ ugwu Eurasia na North America. Dị n'etiti ndịda ọhịa na pola ice ndu. The anya n'ebe ndị ice tundra, na treeless ebe-aghọ ọtụtụ. Ọnọdụ ndụ na tundra aka ike, ma n'agbanyeghị nke a, e ndụ a oké dịgasị iche iche nke ụmụ anụmanụ na osisi. Tundra bụ karịsịa mara mma na okpomọkụ oge. Ọ na-kpuchie na a oké oyi akwa nke akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, ọ bụ ebe migratory nnụnụ na anụmanụ. The ndabere nke osisi ụwa - a lichen, akpaetu. Na-adịghị ahụkebe na-stunted Original Mix osisi. Isi bi tundra - reindeer. Ọtụtụ ndị bụ nkịta ọhịa, hares na voles. Ọzọ bi - a lemming. Nke a nta e kere eke mere oké mmerụ ahụ na tundra. Ụmụ anụmanụ ndị a na-eri nnukwu ego adịghị ọgaranya tundra ahịhịa, bụ nke na-enwe ike na-agbake ngwa ngwa. N'ihi enweghị nri emetụta dum ụmụ anụmanụ biome.

Apịtị - coniferous biome (ugwu) ọhịa. Emi odude ke edem edere Ụwa, ọ na-ewe ihe dị ka iri na otu percent nke ngụkọta ala. Fọrọ nke nta ọkara nke ókèala ahụ a na-arụ site larch, osisi ndị ọzọ - ọ bụ pine, spruce, fir. E nwere ole na ole ma hardwood - birch na alder. Isi ụmụ anụmanụ - elk na mgbada (site herbivores), ibu anụ: wolves, lynx, marten, mink, Sable na wolverine. A nnukwu ọnụ ọgụgụ na dịgasị iche iche nke òké - si voles na Mole. Amphibians bi ebe viviparous, nke a bụ n'ihi na obere ke ndaeyo, n'ihi na nke ọ dịghị ekwe omume ikpo ipigide. N'otu aka ahụ ka isi bi apịtị na-akọ ọkwà.

Deciduous ọhịa na steppe

Deciduous ọhịa na-dị na a ala na mpaghara na-a ọnọdụ ihu igwe. Nke a bụ tumadi n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke USA, Central Europe na akụkụ nke Asia. Ebe a, a zuru ezu ego nke mmiri, ndị aka ike oyi na ogologo na-ekpo ọkụ summers. Isi osisi nke biome - deciduous: ash, akpu, beech, Linden na maple. Imeri na conifers - spruce, pine na redwood. E na-mepụtara na osisi fauna. A dịgasị iche iche nke anụ na-anụ nwamba, wolves, nkịta ọhịa. A nnukwu bi bea na mgbada, badgers, òké na nnụnụ.

Steppe. Ndabere nke a biome bụ ahịhịa dị larịị nke North America na Asian steppe. E nweghị achọrọ ego nke ọdịda, nke ga-ezuru uto nke osisi, ma iji ekwe ka ụdị desat. Na steppes nke North America, a dịgasị iche iche nke herbaceous osisi na grasses. E nwere ala-na-na-eto eto (ruo ọkara), weere herbal (elu isii mita) na ogologo (osisi esịmde a dị elu nke atọ mita). Altai Mountains Asian steppes kewara n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ na n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ. Ala a bụ ndị bara ọgaranya humus kpamkpam ẹsuande ọka, na na elu ohere na-emegharị maka ahihia ịta ahịhịa. All wara njakpa-hoofed mammals ogologo e akpa. Na anụ bi steppes - coyotes, nkịta ọhịa na hyenas nwere emegharị na-ebi ndụ n'udo na obi na ndị mmadụ.

Chaparol na desert

Mediterranean ahịhịa weghaara ebe ahụ gburugburu Oké Osimiri Mediterenian. Ọ bụ nnọọ na-ekpo ọkụ, akọrọ summers na jụụ winters elu iru mmiri. Isi osisi ebe a - na ọ bụ bushes ogwu, na a ọgaranya esi ísì ahịhịa, osisi na oké kenkowaputa epupụta. Osisi ike na-eto eto na-ejikarị n'ihi ọnọdụ ihu igwe. Chaporol ama maka ọnụ ọgụgụ nke agwọ na ngwere hụrụ ebe a. E nwere anụ ọhịa wolf, ele, bobcats, cougars, òké bekee, n'ezie, kangaroos (n'ime Australia). Ugboro ọkụ iji gbochie mbuso agha nke ọzara, a nti utịp ke n'ala (alọta n'ala nke nri), nke dị mma maka uto nke grasses na osisi.

The desert agbatị onwunwe ha ka otu ụzọ n'ụzọ atọ nke ngụkọta ala ebe. Ọ enyene kpọrọ nkụ ala nke uwa, ebe kwa afọ ọdịda dara erughị abụọ na narị abụọ na iri ise millimeters. Ọ bụla na-ekpo ọkụ desert (Sahara Atacama Asuan et al.), Na e nwere ọzara ebe oyi ikuku okpomọkụ tụlee na mwepu iri abụọ degrees. Nke a bụ Gobi desert. Ahụkarị ndị desert ájá, iferi nkume, nkume. Ahịhịa ehighị nne, n'oge a kara aka, na-anọkarịrị cacti na spurge. The fauna mejupụtara obere e kere eke na ike zoo n'okpuru nkume anyanwụ. Nke isi umu camel ndụ naanị ebe a.

ebe okpomọkụ biomes

Savannah - nke a bụ a nnukwu ebe na oké ahịhịa na obere osisi naanị. The ala ebe a bụ nnọọ ehighị nne, na-adịkwaghị ogologo ahịhịa na milkweed na osisi - yiri mango na acacia. Na savannas bi nnukwu ìgwè ehi nke wara njakpa-hoofed anụmanụ: ịnyịnya ọhịa, ele na nne mgbada. Ndị dị otú ahụ a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke herbivorous ahụghị ebe ọzọ. Ụba nke herbivores na bụ ụba nke anụ. Ọ bụ ebe obibi cheetahs, ọdụm, hyenas, agụ owuru.

Ogwu woodlands emi odude ke South na South-West Africa. E nwere a obere deciduous osisi, aru ogwu bushes.

Rainforests na-hụrụ na South America, West Africa, Madagascar. Ịnọgide elu iru mmiri na-akwalite uto nke oké na nnukwu osisi. Ndị a oké ọhịa iru iri asaa na ise ụkwụ elu. E na-eto eto Rafflesia Arnoldi - ọ bụ kasị ifuru na ụwa. The ala bụ ogbenye na ogbe, na isi nri na-lekwasị ke ama ẹdude osisi. Kwa afọ na-egbutu a nnukwu ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị a n'ebe okpomọkụ mgbe afọ iri ise nwere ike akpasu ndị kasị oké ọchịchọ ndu ọdachi.