Boris Rauschenbach: biography na foto

Academician Boris Viktorovich Raushenbah - Soviet Russia na ụwa na-ama ọkà mmụta sayensị, otu n'ime ndị guzobere astronautics na USSR. N'ịbụ a physics, a na-arụ ụgbọ ahụ, ọ bụghị nanị na a iche iche. Boris V. nke nkà mmụta sayensị na-arụ ọrụ ubi nke nkà akụkọ ihe mere, akụkọ ihe mere eme nke okpukpe, dị ka nke ọma dị ka oru nta akuko na-arụ ọrụ n'ihi na ọtụtụ ndị dịkọrọ ndụ mbipụta na nwetara ewu ewu n'ụwa nile. Ọ e ijikwa na ije nke Russian Germany maka revival mba.

Biographies ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị

Boris Rauschenbach A mụrụ Petrograd (ugbu a St. Petersburg) January 18, 1905 na ndị ezinụlọ Russian Germany.

Mgbe ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị, bụ nwa okorobịa nwetara ọrụ na ụgbọelu factory na Leningrad. The kpọmkwem nke osisi na-egwuri a ọrụ ya akara aka: na 1932, ọ ghọrọ nwa akwụkwọ na Leningrad Institute of Civil Engineers Fleet amalite inwe idem ke gliding. Craze emewo ka ihe maara Sergey Pavlovich Korolev, na-eme n'ọdịnihu, na-arụkọ ọrụ na ya na rọketi na ohere ụlọ ọrụ nke Soviet sayensị.

Na 1937, Rauschenbach kwagara obodo na-arụ ọrụ na a otu Kaiser Research Institute, edu Sergei Korolev. Ya mere Boris Viktorovich Raushenbah, a foto na aha nke ekemende nọgidere a taboo ruo ogologo oge ka ọha na eze, bilitere na n'ohu ahụ founders nke Soviet ohere omume.

Next bụ a ọrụ na a na-azara ọnụ osisi ke Sverdlovsk (Yekaterinburg taa), bụ nke e kpọpụrụ Kaiser Research Institute na November 1941 (RNII).

N'oge opupu ihe ubi nke 1942, Rauschenbach e jidere ya, zigara a mara ụlọikwuu dị nnọọ ka eziokwu ahụ bụ na ọ bụ German. Na n'ogige ọrụ mmanye, Boris V.-aga n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ na homing-emegide ugbo elu shells, mgbawa nke ya ụgbọ elu. Ọ na-e hụrụ mara ụgbọelu mmebe Viktorom Bolhovitinovym. N'ihi ya, na 1945, Rauschenbach e bufere Nizhny Tagil na ọnọdụ nke pụrụ iche ọbịa.

Na 1948, na ọhụrụ isi nke RNII Mstislav Keldysh Rauschenbach ọkọkpọhi NII-1 nke Ministry of Aviation Industry isi nke ngalaba.

Ke 1955, Rauschenbach laara Sergeyu Korolevu, ebe ụwa mbụ malitere ịmụrụ nghazi na ngagharị na ohere ugbo ala.

Rauschenbach ezinụlọ na ya si malite

Dị ka Boris Viktorovich Raushenbah, ya na ezinụlọ ya pụtara na Russia na XVIII narị afọ. Na 1766, Eze Nwanyị Ukwu Catherine II haziri a mkpọsa resettle ndị Germany na Russia. Ekele a iwu, ma na e nna nna nke ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị Karl-Friedrich Rauschenbach ya na nwunye ya na Volga mpaghara.

Nna nke ọkà mmụta sayensị, Victor Ya (n'etiti aha na-abịa site aha nke nna nna ya Jacob), bụ nwa afọ nke Volga mpaghara, mpaghara, nke n'oge ahụ kpụrụ a ógbè maka German biri. Gụrụ akwụkwọ na Germany, mgbe ahụ ọ na-arụ ọrụ dị ka a oru manager na a tannery "Skorokhod".

Dị ka memoirs nke Boris Viktorovich, nna ya na a nnọọ obiọma ma na-agbaghara onye ahụ. Mgbe nwata ahụ na-eto, Victor Ya ike me ya a n'echiche nke nganga maka German si malite. N'otu oge ahụ o mere ya n'ụzọ zuru okè.

Rauschenbach nne, Leontine Fridrihovna (Russian style - F.) Gallico A mụrụ Estonia (Saaremaa), si - Baltic German. Maara n'asụsụ anọ - Russian, German, French na Estonian, nke ozokwa so kpata ya ọrụ Russia n'ime a n'ezinụlọ bara ọgaranya bonnoy. Mgbe ya na nwunye, ọ ghọrọ nwunye anaghị arụ ọrụ.

Mama m siri nnọọ ike ma mma nkụzi, ọ bụ ezie na site na agwa - a obi ụtọ, ume ma na-eji obi ụtọ onye. Ọ bụ na ọ na-kụnyere n'ime ụmụ ha (Boris nwanne Karin Elena) ikike ghara ida mmụọ siri ike kwa ụbọchị ọnọdụ ndị na nyeere ha aka na-eme n'ọdịnihu. Boris Rauschenbach, onye biography jupụtara ọnọdụ ndị dị otú nwere ike n'ụzọ kwesịrị ekwesị na-ebi ndụ gị dị ebube ndụ.

Boris Rauschenbach afọ iri na ise na-efunahụ nke nna-ya: ọ nwụrụ anwụ na afọ iri isii afọ obi ọdịda.

Nne ya nwụrụ mgbe agha. Loss nke nne Boris nwetara nnọọ ike na-egosi na na - ya nwaanyị akwụkwọ ozi, nke na ọ nọgidere.

Personal ndụ

Ha akara aka, Vera Mikhailovna, Boris Viktorovich Raushenbah okosobode ke Moscow, ebe ọ kwagara na 1937, dị ka ndị shipbuilding na Maritime ụlọ ọrụ na Leningrad ya enweghị mmasị. N'oge a mba ahụ nọ na inyefe nwụchiri na Rauschenbach, a German pụrụ n'ụzọ dị mfe ịbụ na ahụhụ. A ihe nwere kewapụrụ ndị na-eto eto ọkà mmụta sayensị ịkwaga isi obodo, ebe ọ dịghị onye maara ya.

N'oge na-adịghị Boris na ulo ebe o biri ndụ na ndị enyi ya, na biri maka a Woman Vera. Vera M. A mụrụ Kramatorsk (Ukraine). M bịara Moscow na-amụ. Ruo mgbe ọzọ na-ehi ụra na o biri ndụ na nwanne nna ya, bụ ndị nwere a elu post. Otú ọ dị, na May 19, e jidere ya, mgbe ahụ gbara na Nwaanyị chụpụrụ. Ya mere Vera bụ na ulo ebe O biri Rauschenbach.

The na-eto eto lụrụ di tupu agha, 24 May 1941. Dị ka memoirs nke Rauschenbach, ha ndebanye ziri ezi e kọwara na "12 oche" by Ilf na Petrov. Ọ bụ fun ... ha agaghị kpọwaa oge a, ọbụna mgbe Boris V. bụ na a n'ogige ọrụ mmanye (ya na nwunye mgbe gara).

O chere Boris Viktorovich Raushenbah, onye ndụ azụlitewo ịga nke ọma, n'agbanyeghị na ndụ ahụhụ. Ha nwere magburu onwe ụmụ na ụmụ ụmụ. N'ihi na ụfọdụ na ọ bụ ihe ijuanya na ya ruo ọtụtụ afọ, o Vera M. - naanị nwunye.

The ụzọ n'ime ohere

Dị ka a ọkà mmụta sayensị, Raushenbah Boris Viktorovich gosiri na ya ka na-na Leningrad ugbo elu factory nọmba 23, ebe ọ na-emekwa ụfọdụ na-ewu na ule nke ngwe. Ọrụ mee ka ihe odide nke ndị mbụ na nkà mmụta sayensị akwụkwọ, nke bụ isiokwu nke nke bụ longitudinal nkwụsi ike nke tailless ugbo elu. Otu isiokwu nke Boris Rauschenbach aku RNII Queen, ma ugbu a, ọrụ a na so ụgbọ agba.

Na 1938, ngo a kagbuo n'ihi na njide nke Queen, na Rauschenbach refocused ugboelu engines, ozizi combustion.

Gulag bụghị ihe na-egbochi maka a ọkà mmụta sayensị: nọ n'ogige ahụ ọ nọ na-arụ ọrụ na homing-emegide ugbo elu shells, na n'ọdịnihu nyere ya aka ga-esi n'ime ha mara ụlọikwuu, na-pụrụ iche kwabatara na na-anọgide na ya na-arụ ọrụ maka RNII.

Na 1948, ekele ọhụrụ isi nke agha Research Institute Mstislav Keldysh Rauschenbach laghachi Moscow, ebe Sri-1 na-emekwa ụfọdụ ramjet engine, ya bụ na combustion vibration na now jijiji ụdị engine.

Ke 1955, Boris V. gara ọrụ maka Queen, ebe ọ na-dị ka a ọkà mmụta sayensị nwere ohere pụrụ iche - na oge mbụ na ụwa na-ebu na-arụ ọrụ ndị metụtara nghazi na ije nke ugbo ala na mbara igwe. Mgbe e mesịrị, ya ekele ọrụ égbè n'akụkụ nke Ọnwa site Soviet ugboelu "Luna-3" ẹkenịmde. Na 1960, otuto Rauschenbach e ọdịda nke Lenin Nrite.

Na 1958, Boris V. gbachiteere ya doctoral tesis (PhD gbachiteere ke 1948).

Na-erughị iri afọ maka ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na-aghọta na interplanetary ebe ụgbọ elu àgwà akara usoro "Venus", "Mars", "nyocha" ugboelu na akpaka na ntuziaka mode.

Raushenbah Boris Viktorovich, onye biography e ike jikọrọ ya na cosmos, chiri kwa ifịk akụkụ nkwadebe na mmejuputa iwu-nke ụgbọ elu nke mbụ cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin.

N'afọ 1966, Boris V. hoputara a kwekọrọ ekwekọ òtù nke Academy nke Sciences (AS) nke USSR, na afọ iri abụọ gasịrị, ọ ghọrọ onye na so na Academy nke Sciences.

Iconography na Rauschenbach

Dị ka a ọkà mmụta sayensị egwuregwu ahụ kwuru na ọ na-apụghị obibi na nkà mmụta sayensị na isiokwu, ma ọ bụrụ na ọ na-ama na-arụ ọrụ karịa iri na abụọ ndị ọzọ ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị. Ma ọ bụ ihe yiri ya na-arụ ọrụ na ohere malitere inwe mmasị niile bụ fraught na ihe ọhụrụ, ma unexplored, dị ka nkà, iconography.

Boris Rauschenbach, a ahuhu n'ihi na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke na-egosipụta dị ka a nwa, ọ hụrụ n'anya na-eme njem a otutu, karịsịa na obodo oge ochie akụkọ ihe mere eme. Nke nta nke nta ma juputara na nkà mmụta sayensị na mmasị malitere ịpụta akara ngosi. Nke bụ eziokwu na ọ na-ihere site na ụzọ nyefe nke ohere na ha, na-akpọ "reverse n'ọnọdụ", amamihe na-adịghị na megidere mara iwu nke foto.

Interest na agbara n'ọnọdụ nwekwara e jikọtara ya na ihe ngwọta nke nsogbu docking ngwaọrụ ohere.

Ọkà mmụta sayensị na malitere ime nnyocha a onu. Otú ọ dị, ọ kpọọrọ n'ime akaụntụ ọrụ nke anya, na ụbụrụ. Iji mee nke a na o nwere na-eme ka a mgbakọ na mwepụ nkọwa nke ụbụrụ ọrụ. N'ihi ya, Rauschenbach ruo nkwubi okwu na a niile iju oyiyi na-eke na-apụghị izere ezere.

O chere Boris Viktorovich Raushenbah, iconography bụ a dị iche iche bụ eziokwu karịa onye na-ahụ onye dị ka a n'ihi nke ụfọdụ anya ngwaọrụ. N'ihi ya, na akara ngosi na-eme ka anyị kwere na ụwa bụ n'ezie ihe mma na mma.

Rauschenbach kwenyesiri ike na ọ gaghị ekwe omume ịghọta ihe oyiyi, n'amaghị nkà mmụta okpukpe. Na ọ malitere ịmụ nkà mmụta okpukpe, ọbụna ihe e dere a na ubi, akpan akpan Atọ n'Ime Otu ( "The mgbagha nke Atọ n'Ime Otu").

Ndị ụzọ Chọọchị Ọtọdọks

Boris Rauschenbach na baptism na 1915 e dere na nna ya na okwukwe - Gbanwee. Na okwukwe bụ n'oge ahụ banyere 20% nke Russian Germany.

Ọ ga-kwuru na anam ukpụhọde, na iche ka ndị òtù Luther na-adịghị aghọta ihe oyiyi, adịghị eji ihe ịrịba ama nke obe. Ma mgbe e mesịrị ụkpụrụ Emperor Alexander m na Nicholas m, Gbanwee na ndị òtù Luther e mechakwara gbakwụnyeghachi akwụkwọ ụfọdụ n'ime otu chọọchị, na Boris wee na nne ya na Lutheran chọọchị, ọ bụ ezie na nke ndị obodo ahụ a Gbanwee chọọchị. Otú ọ dị, n'ihi na amaghị ihe mere Rauschenbach ghara ịghọ onye so na Gbanwee chọọchị, ma-akwanyere ya, ya image nọ.

Agụụ maka okpukpe Boris V. obi mara ụlọikwuu. Ọ malitere ịga Chọọchị Ọtọdọks, were mkpa akwụkwọ, malitere iso ndị ọrụ na chọọchị, ma e mere ya baptism naanị obere oge tupu ọnwụ ya.

Rauschenbach eti na ihe ịga nke ọma na-arụ ọrụ nke ha usoro n'oge egbe nke ọzọ ugboelu mgbe niile biliri mee ihe ịrịba ama nke obe.

N'oge n'ikuku na Kremlin na oge nke egbe nke mbụ ugboelu Boris V. bụ nanị onye na-ewetara a nwoke bịara ịkpọ ndị nnọchiteanya nke Orthodox Church, nke, N'ezie, ọ bụghị dabara n'ime ihe omume log.

Raushenbah Boris Viktorovich, akwụkwọ na isiokwu nke na-zuru ebe nile, kpọghị ha ẹdude usoro nke na-aghọta na ụwa - okpukpe na ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị. O kweere na e nwere a njikọ nke ha.

Na 1987, na magazin "Communist" Academician Rauschenbach bipụtara otu isiokwu raara nye 1000th ncheta nke Baptism nke rus. Na ya na ọkà mmụta sayensị kwuru na ọ dị mkpa nke ihe omume a maka Russian ala. August "Kọmunist" ụlọ e ntabi erechapụla, ọbụna na miri nke CPSU.

A afọ ole na ole mgbe e mesịrị na-abịa ọzọ na-arụ ọrụ nke academician - "The mgbagha nke Atọ n'Ime Otu." Isiokwu mere a ụfọdụ mmeghachi omume, echiche nke na-nụrụ nnọọ.

Rauschenbach nke Trinity

Boris Rauschenbach nke Trinity nwere ya ikpe na ọ na-enye ya akwụkwọ "The mgbagha nke Atọ n'Ime Otu." Dị ka ya, chọọchị na-ezi ihe nye n'ụzọ zuru okè ezi mkpebi aka ya chere ihu - okwu nke Chineke na n'otu oge ahụ dị ka chi atọ n'ime na monad.

Onye ọkà mmụta sayensị na-ekwu na nke ugbu a n'ihi na ụkpụrụ nke Ọtọdọks okwukwe anya dị ka a ọpụpụ si n'ụzọ kwekọrọ n'ụkpụrụ, n'ihi na ọ bụ kwuru na mmadụ nile nọ Trinity - Chineke. Otu e kwuru na ekpere.

Boris Rauschenbach, "The mgbagha nke Atọ n'Ime Otu," nke bụ ihe na-anwa ịghọta nneme Florensky na E. N. Trubetskogo nke atọ n'ime otu nke Chineke, na-abịa a si ele ihe anya nke sayensị. Ọ ga-kwuru na a ọkà mmụta sayensị na Soviet ike nwee mmasị na nkà mmụta okpukpe na-ekwurịta, n'agbanyeghị akara ke afọ ndị agha ekweghị na Chineke.

O nwere mmasị, ọ ga-ozugbo na-echiche nke n'ụzọ kwekọrọ n'ụkpụrụ e nyere site na Nna Florensky, ma kee ha ka a na-ezi uche nlereanya. Ọ bụrụ na nke a bụ ekwe omume, mgbe ahụ, onye ahụ ga-ekwere na Chineke, ọ bụghị na ẹdude absurdity, ọ bụ ezie na-enweghị ụfọdụ mgbagha.

N'ụzọ dị ịtụnanya, Rauschenbach hụrụ a mgbakọ na mwepụ nlereanya ịkọwa Baịbụl nke ihe nnọchianya nke okwukwe, ya ozizi Atọ n'Ime Otu. Nlereanya a gosiri na ya a vector na ya atọ mmiri na atọ akụkụ ahazi usoro.

The nsogbu ahụ na-edozi: ozizi nke Atọ n'Ime Otu (Trinity) bụ ihe kwesịrị ekwesị iwu mgbagha. Ihe omume a nwere ike iji tụnyere mgbawa nke bọmbụ. N'ezie, "ezi uche nke Atọ n'Ime Otu" bụ isi, ma ọ dịghị na-etinye njedebe nke ihe ọmụma nke Chineke, ebe ọ bụ na kachasi mkpa na ihe ọmụma nke Chineke enweghị nsọtụ.

A nwa amaala nke obodo ha

Raushenbah Boris Viktorovich, akwụkwọ, isiokwu nke a na-eyikarị imbued na nchegbu maka akara aka nke obodo ha na ụwa, ike ibu na-ekiri ihe na-eme gburugburu ya. The ugbu a ịda ogbenye nke ndị Russia, ịda ogbenye, sayensị mere ya ihe mgbu na iwe n'ime. Ọ pụghị ịghọta na enweghị ego si kwuo maka ego agụmakwụkwọ, sayensị, mgbe na mba e nwere a gwuo inwetara nke a ụfọdụ udi nke madu.

Gaidar si "ujo ọgwụ" ka Boris Viktorovich, kachasi ọkachamara sayensị, nkà, akụnụba, na ghọrọ ihe atụ nke na enweghị professionalism na mba na-edu. Rauschenbach kweere na Russia ga-ahụ a ụzọ nke impasse, minimally na-egbu mgbu n'ihi na ndị Russia.

"Gbarụọ echiche" Rauschenbach

Na ikpeazụ ya isiokwu bụ "gbarụọ echiche" Boris Rauschenbach egosipụta na ọdịnihu mmadụ niile, na-egosipụta onwe ya bụghị nanị dị ka a nwa amaala nke Russia, ma ụmụ amaala nile nke mbara Ụwa.

The nnọọ aha nke isiokwu na-ekwu banyere ọdịdị nke ndị a reflections. Ọ Rauschenbach ekewapụ echiche nke ochichi onye kwuo uche si kwuo uche chatter na nkwenkwe n'ụwa taa. Ọ dịghị eme ka isịneke maka Russia.

Na-ede na-adọrọ uche gaa n'eziokwu na niile oké mpụ n'okpuru ochichi slogans, ọchịchị onye kwuo uche windbags na-emekarị bụghị ghọtara ihe efu na ha na-anọchite anya ndị na-ebute ọdịmma nke ndị mmadụ dị nnọọ anya n'ebe ike.

Na ya na-arụ ọrụ, ndị academician obụp a laghachi na omenala ụkpụrụ omume mmadụ, ya bụ, ezinụlọ, na obodo. O kwenyere na ibu ọrụ nke ndị mmadụ ga-adị elu karịa ndị ruuru ha. Rauschenbach kwere na naanị otú a ga-azọpụta ụmụ mmadụ site na mbibi. The ọzọ na-adịghị nyere. Ke adianade do, ọkà mmụta sayensị kweere na e kwesịrị a ọchịchị nke ụwa, onye iwu ga-siri ike, ma ukwuu ọkachamara.

N'ihi na narị afọ gara aga, dị ka Rauschenbach, ndi mmadu bụ na-akpụ akpụ na-abụghị direction, remaking ya onwe ya na uwa. Na, dị mwute ikwu, e nwere nnọọ ole na ole ndị nwere ike imeghe anya ndị na-emehie ihe nke gara aga na n'oge a, bụ ndị na-ahụbeghị anya ọgwụgwụ.

ọgwụgwụ

Boris Rauschenbach nwụrụ March 27, 2001. Ili ya bụ na Novodevichy na-eli ozu.

Ọ nwụrụ ọkà mmụta sayensị na ụbọchị Theodore Icon nke Nne nke Chineke. The olili ozu ẹkenịmde ke St. Nicholas Kuznetsky temple. Nke a bụ uche nke pụtara ìhè Soviet na Russian ọkà mmụta sayensị.

Site n'aka-ya, ụmụ mmadụ efu onye nke ya oke amamihe, a nwa amaala nke ụwa.

The uru nke mmụta sayensị onyinye ka sayensị na omenala nke Russia na-ekwu ya utu aha na enọ. Rauschenbach bụ ifịk so atọ academies (Academy nke Sciences, na International Academy nke Astronautics na Space Academy. Tsiolkovsky). Ọ e ọdịda nke Lenin na Demidov Nrite, na dike nke Socialist Labor. Chịkwara Research Council "History of World Culture" RAS.