Acetic anhydride: Njirimara, nkwadebe na iji

Anhydrides nke carboxylic asịd - na ngwaahịa nke akpịrị ịkpọ nkụ nke ụmụ irighiri. Ndị a na-ji isomerism biosoedineny radicals. Mgbe akpọ carboxylic acid anhydrides akacha eji nomenclature akụkọ ihe mere eme (e.g., anhydride, acetic acid, maleic anhydride, wdg). N'oge na mgbakwunye na nke carboxylic asịd dehydrating elekọta mmadụ (a site oxide) emee ha akpịrị ịkpọ nkụ, na-akpata guzobere carboxylic acid anhydrides.

Acetic anhydride: Nkwadebe nke

The aha compound nwetara nwere ike na-asa na ọtụtụ ụzọ. N'ihi ya njikọ akacha eji site oxide, nke bụ a nnọọ ike dehydrating n'ụlọnga. E nwekwara ụzọ ndị ọzọ maka njikọ nke anhydride. Ka ihe atụ, acetic anhydride pụrụ inweta n'okpuru edinam nke phosphate ka acetate acid anhydride. The obi jụrụ usoro na-kwukwara dropwise SN3SOS1 otu akụkụ kwa urughuru dewatered na mịrị amị juputara acid-sodium acetate. Ihe ngwakọta dị ọkụ moderately na synthesized acetic anhydride e wepụrụ na a ájá bath wee ọcha site distillation. N'ihi nke ọrụ na-emepụta ike esi ísì mmiri mmiri acetate acid.

Acetic anhydride, na ala-na-molekụla bekee - mmiri mmiri na a nkọ ísì ụtọ, ihe fọrọ unyi anaghị agbasa na mmiri, ngwa ngwa soluble na ọtụtụ organic bekee. Ọ ga-kwuru na anhydrides nke elu carboxylic asịd (karịsịa na ịmachi) - solids odorless. Ha esi okpomọkụ budata elu karịa kwekọrọ ekwekọ carboxylic asịd.

Acetic anhydride: Chemical Properties

Nke a compound na-ejikarị ọtụtụ ndị so dị iche iche ọmụmụ nke organic bekee site ụzọ nke organic njikọ. Na mmeghachi omume nke anhydrides na mmiri na-enye abụọ ụmụ irighiri nke kwekọrọ ekwekọ acid.

Amonoliz anhydrides-eduga ná guzobe nke amides na ammonium salts nke kwekọrọ ekwekọ carboxylic asịd. The mmeghachi omume na-eji maka inweta alkoliza na anhydrides esters.

Acetal anhydride na-eji dị ka dehydrating na acetylating gị n'ụlọnga na mmepụta usoro atsetiltselyulozy, vinyl acetate, ọgwụ, na dimethylacetamide, colorants, aromatic bekee, wdg Acetate aldehyde na-iwe na akụkụ okuku ume na tract, anya, na-eme ka akpụkpọ Burns.

Cellulose acetate nwetara n'ihi ihe na cellulose acetate anhydride na ọnụnọ nke a mkpali (acid sulphate). Ezughị ezu acetylation kwadebere mono- na cellulose diacetates. Di- na cellulose triacetate-eji na mmepụta nke acetate silk. N'ihi nke a ha na-etisasịwo a ngwakọta nke acetone na ethanol (85:15) ma ọ bụ dị ọcha acetone. Viscous ngwọta na-enwetara nke a na-extruded site pụrụ iche nzacha. Thin ibe nke ngwọta nkụ ma ghọọ yarns, nke na-eji maka mmepụta nke dị iche iche iche iche nke yarn nke eri.

The ulo oru ngwa na-eji na ndị ọzọ anhydrides. Maleic anhydride - crystalline umi, ọma soluble na mmiri na na acetone, agbaze na 52,85 Celsius C. A, ihe a na-kwadebere si maleic acid. Eji na mmepụta nke ọgwụ ahụhụ, polyester na alkyd resins. Phthalic anhydride na-emepụta n'ihi na ọxịdashọn nke naphthalene. Nke ikpeazụ a na-eji maka njikọ nke ibu promoters, ụmụ ahụhụ, nakwa dị ka ụfọdụ ọgwụ. Phthalic anhydride - crystalline siri ike na a agbaze n'ókè nke 128 ° C. Sị na anhydride a na-eji enweta Phenolphthalein (egosi na agwọ ọrịa). Nke a anhydride na-eji maka imewe ọgwụ (dimethyl phthalate).