Brown abụba mmadụ: a nkọwa nke ọrụ na atụmatụ

Gịnị bụ aja aja abụba? Gịnị bụ ọrụ ya rụrụ? On a na ajụjụ ndị ọzọ anyị ga-aza n'isiokwu a. Na ahụ mmadụ na e nwere ihe abụọ na ụdị nke ọdụdụ bekee: aja aja (ụsụ - ruru ka ọkụ abụba na-enye thermogenesis na-emepụta okpomọkụ) na-acha ọcha (na WAT - mere maka ume nchekwa). Ndị na-obese agbasaghị aja aja abụba bụ obere, na-acha ọcha - ọzọ.

ọrụ

Brown abụba na-enye ohere ahụ ịnọgide na-enwe a mgbe nile okpomọkụ. A na usoro a na-akpọ thermogenesis. E nwere ihe abụọ na ụdị thermogenesis: na contractile (jijiji), nke okpomọkụ ọgbọ bụ n'ihi na Mbelata skeletal muscle (akpan akpan onu - oyi muscle tremor), na-ama jijiji (ọrụ nke aja aja abụba).

Iji ihe n'ụzọ dị irè mbuso ụfọdụ ọrịa a onye ahu okpomọkụ na-abawanye naanị. Ọ bụrụ na mmadụ na-ata ahụhụ site na fever, ọ ngwa ngwa hazigharịrị thermoregulatory usoro na-arụ ọrụ na-amalite na-arụ ọrụ na a elu larịị. Ọ bụ ya mere ahu okpomọkụ adịghị mkpa iji mee ka ala 38.5 degrees.

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Mbụ niile aja aja abụba dị na ụmụ anụmanụ. Anụmanụ ndị na-ada n'ime ino na mkpu na oyi, a umi na-kacha mma mepụtara, dị ka oge a na-metabolism slows ala. N'ihi nke a ọ gaghị ekwe omume ịnọgide na-enwe okpomọkụ nke ahụ muscle contractions.

Ọzọ dị mkpa bụ na agba aja aja abụba na aza spring anụmanụ: site na ha site na ahu okpomọkụ okpomọkụ na-budata ụba, n'ihi na nke ụmụ anụmanụ na kpọtere elu.

nwe

Oputara na-adịbeghị anya ọ bịara mara na aja aja abụba dị naanị na ụmụ. Ọ na-enyere ha na-eji ndị ọhụrụ gburugburu ebe obibi mgbe amuchara nwa. Na ụmụ ọhụrụ a umi na-emi odude ke ebe nke akụrụ, olu tinyere elu azụ, ubu na ihe 5% nke ahu aro.

Ọzọkwa ke idem mgbe ụfọdụ ụmụ ọhụrụ aja aja abụba na-weere na-acha ọcha. Maka ụmụaka aja aja umi bụ nke dị oké mkpa, dị ka ọ na-echebe ha si hypothermia, n'ihi na nke na akaghi aka ụmụ ọhụrụ mgbe anwụ. N'ihi nke a na akụrụngwa nke mụrụ ọhụrụ obere chebaara oyi karịa ndị agadi.

Mkpụrụ ndụ nke aja aja abụba nwere a pụrụ iche àgwà - e nwere nnukwu ọnụ ọgụgụ nke mitochondria (organelles na-eme ka ike nchekwa). Ekele ha, ha, na isi, nwere onwe ha na agba. Mitochondria nwere kpọmkwem protein UCP1, nke na-agafe na nzọụkwụ nke ATP njikọ ntabi atọghata ọdụdụ asịd n'ime okpomọkụ.

Triglycerides (lipids) ugbu a na abụba mejupụtara bụ foto ndị si nke ike-arụpụtara site okpomọkụ (ATP). Mgbe nwa ọhụrụ kwesịrị ọtụtụ ume (n'ihi na ihe atụ, na-ekpo ọkụ), abụba ata lipolysis. N'ihi ya, e nwere ọdụdụ asịd na UCP1 na mkpụrụ ndụ nke aja aja abụba agbanwe n'ime okpomọkụ. N'ihi ya, a ọnụ ke ahụ abụba mee. First nọrọ triglycerides na aja aja umi, na mgbe lipid mee amalite agbazekwa, na mkpọrọmasị ọcha.

N'ihi ya, ahụ na-ebelata ya ibu ibu. Otú ọ dị, n'ihi na arụmọrụ nke usoro nke nwa, mụrụ, ga-eri nri nke ọma (rụọ ọrụ lipolysis mkpa ike) na-eku ume-ejikarị (n'ihi na na-enwogha ọdụdụ asịd achọ oxygen).

N'ụzọ dị mwute, okenye, a na usoro nwayọọ nwayọọ na-ebelata. Mgbe a di na nwunye nke izu mgbe ọmụmụ maajijiji (na hypothermia mmeghachi omume) na-anọchi ihe nke a aja aja umi, karịsịa mgbe ụmụaka na-eji ejiji ji obi ụtọ na-edebe ha na a na-ekpo ọkụ n'ime ụlọ.

okenye ndị mmadụ

Taa, ọ hụrụ na aja aja abụba okenye dị. N'ihi na a ogologo oge e chere na a na umi tụfuru ya uru site na njedebe nke afọ mbụ nke ndụ. Otú ọ dị, na 2008, ndị ọkachamara na-kpebisiri ike na aja aja adipose anụ ahụ na- abụghị nanị na bi na ahụ nke ndị toworo eto (ọ bịara mara na 1908), ma na-arụ ọrụ site na oyi na-atụ.

Nke a chọpụtara e mere na a ọhụrụ Onyonyo technology ifịk metabolism na arọ. Anyị na-eji positron emission-agbakọrọ tomography, nke gosiri na na aru nke onye okenye onye bụ ihe 20-30 grams (dị ka obere) ọtọ aja aja abụba, tumadi na supraclavicular ebe.

Ọ maara na PITA-CT achọpụta metabolic ọrụ nke anụ ahụ. Physiologist Wouter van Marken Lihtenbelt kọrọ na otu ìgwè nke ndị na-eto eto (24 ndị mmadụ) e nyere a kpọmkwem dose of redioaktivu glucose. E mere nke a ka na-enwe ike ịchọpụta karị aja aja abụba site a kpọmkwem ngwaọrụ.

Mgbe ahụ, ndị na-amụ mere ka ụlọ ebe okpomọkụ na-gafere 16 degrees. CT Doppler gosiri na n'okpuru anụ nke obi, olu na abụba bụ 23 ndị mmadụ "bara uru" ákwà na-arụ ọrụ, Okpomoku ndị mmadụ na a oyi ụlọ.

Physiologist, o kwuru na ndị ọkachamara na-jukwara ha anya ịhụ na ọ bụ nke ukwuu na ọtụtụ ndị mmadụ. Mgbe enyocha na ụlọ okpomọkụ atọ sonyere, aja aja umi e hụrụ. Ọkachamara kweere na-akpa ákwà na-adịghị akwụsị, ma, nanị kwụsịrị ya ọrụ.

irè

Ya mere ị maara ebe onye bụ aja aja abụba. Ọ bụghị ihe karịrị 1-2% nke ahu aro. Ma, mgbe ndị ọmịiko ụjọ usoro akpali anụ ahụ na supercooled mammals ndị na-agba nkịtị na-na oyi na-atụ, ọ enwekwu okpomọkụ ya mmepụta. Na site ike ike si otú nweta n'ihu otu-atọ nke okpomọkụ kere ke idem. Mgbe aja aja abụba na-arụ ọrụ, ọ na-eji ruo 300 watts (ụfọdụ oku 400 Watts) kwa kilogram nke okenye onye.

Ọ maara na a onye nke nkezi ibu na nke ọzọ ọkụ banyere 1 kW nke ike. Rụọ ọrụ aja aja abụba, i nwere ike na-edina na bed na-anọ na iri abụọ ugboro ọzọ ume karịa tupu.

abụba ọkụ

Nso ke aja aja abụba? Ọ na-enyere kpochapụ abụba. Ọ bụrụ na ọ na-arụ ọrụ, ọdụdụ asịd si ọcha adipose anụ ahụ na-agafere na aja aja. The ọcha umi na-edebe ke Capsule na glands nke esịtidem akụkụ, n'okpuru anụahụ. Brown, kama nke ike na nchekwa, na-ere ya na nnukwu quantities. N'ihi ya, okpomọkụ na-tọhapụrụ. Nke a usoro a na-akpọ thermogenesis, nke na-amalite ya na-arụ ọrụ n'ihi na ngafe nri oriri.

Nchoputa

White na aja aja na abụba - na ha abụọ dị iche iche bekee. Oxidative ike aja aja umi bụ ugboro 20 karịrị nke na-acha ọcha. The aja aja anụ ahụ thermogenesis eme Thermogenin protein nke na-akwalite uncoupling respiration na oxidative phosphorylation.

Ya mere, anyị hụrụ na a aja aja abụba. Olee otú dịkwuo ego n'ime ahụ mmadụ n'ụzọ dị irè na-alụ ọgụ ibu oké ibu? Iji dozie nsogbu a, na-eme nnyocha na-eji ọ bụghị nanị na ọgwụ ọjọọ eme ihe, ma na-awa ahụ pụtara: eji liposuction na-nkịtị na-acha ọcha abụba wepụ, ọ ghọọ aja aja, na tinyere nwoke ọzọ.

Theoretically, iji hapụ arọ, ị ga-ma dịkwuo ọrụ nke aja aja umi na nkịtị okpomọkụ, ma ọ bụ dịkwuo nọmba ya, ma ọ bụ igosi ma ndị mbụ na nke abụọ.

Diabetes Ọkachamara Association nke United States kwere na aja aja abụba nwere nnọọ mkpa ndokwa maka ọrịa na-arịa ọrịa shuga na ibu oké ibu. Ọ na-amara na ọrụ nke ụmụ mmadụ aja aja abụba na-ewute ya, na ego-ya nile na-ebelata. Ya mere, n'ọdịnihu dị nso, ọ bụ na o kwere omume ntoputa nke ọhụrụ ọgwụ ọjọọ na ụzọ ndị ọzọ nke ìgwè na ebighị nke "bara uru" bekee okenye.