"Bryansk Forest" - a Biosphere idobere site UNESCO

A nnọọ nnukwu akụkụ nke ókèala nke Russia na-kpuchie oké ọhịa, otú ahụ ka anyị ga-eku ume ọhụrụ ikuku, na anyị nwere ike ịhụ ọtụtụ obere nnụnụ na anụmanụ. Otu n'ime ndị a nwere a idobere "Bryansk Forest", emi odude ke Suzemskom na Trubchevsk distrikti nke Bryansk region, Nerusso-Desna ọhịa na-ekpe ụlọ akụ nke Desna River, nke bụ a tributary nke Dnieper. The ebe ọhịa - 12.186 ha. Na 2001 o nwetara ọnọdụ nke a Biosphere. Ebe Ọ na-akọwa ọtụtụ ndị maara ncheta obelisk ili nke partisans ndị nwụrụ ebe a n'oge ikpeazụ agha ụwa.

Otu nnyocha nke Nature Reserve "Bryansk Forest"

N'ihi na eziokwu na nke a idobere dị na iche iche na obodo zones: ọhịa, deciduous na boreal ọhịa - na e nwere ọtụtụ na ya
di iche iche nke ụmụ anụmanụ na osisi. Ikpeazụ ọgaranya obere umu. Na ebe ndị a, a otutu akpaetu bogs, nke na-etolite ice ahịhịa: Scheuchzeria ala opitoropi, opitoropi myrtle, willow Lapland. Mmasị dị ukwuu n'ebe ugwu ọhịa nke orchids. Ha nwere nnọọ mgbagwoju ndu mmepe na ọ fọrọ nke nta nke mbụ iji zaghachi na-agbanwe agbanwe gburugburu ebe obibi na ọnọdụ na ọjọọ n'akụkụ. Ya mere, ihe niile orchids na-echebe. "Bryansk Forest" Reserve, ọnọde anyị na 19 ụdị orchids. Ụfọdụ n'ime ha na-edepụtara dị ka nọ n'ihe ize ndụ, ọ bụ dị ka: Cephalanthera rubra, iheukwu n'ezie, Dactylorhiza Baltic, epipogium leafless. Ọ na atụmatụ 769 ụdị vaskụla osisi. N'ime ndị a, ise na umu na-na-depụtara na a nche akwụkwọ: dactylorhiza traunsteineri, epipogium leafless, iheukwu n'ezie, Cephalanthera rubra, nwanyị Dactylorhiza Baltic.

Animals bi na idobere

Ha na ndị a n'akụkụ bụkwa ezi a otutu. Flora anụmanụ, vertebrates, nwere 245 umu: 153 - nnụnụ, 50 - mammals, 11 - amphibians, 6 - nākpu akpu, otu ụdị cyclostomes na 24 - azụ. Ọtụtụ obere ụdị anụmanụ dị na idobere
azọpụta ndo. Ebe a ruo onwe m ndụ-aga ewi, biva mụtachara backwaters na ọtụtụ iyi na osimiri otters ndụ Nerusso. Six ụdị nnụnụ dekọrọ na Book of mkpu, gụnyere: isi awọ shrike, agwọ ugo, nwa stork na ndị ọzọ. Enweghị ebe, ma e wezụga na idobere "Bryansk Forest", ọ gaghị ekwe omume iji chọpụta niile iri ụdị obere European woodpeckers: green, isi awọ, nwa woodpecker, ahụrụ woodpecker obere, ọkara Motley, oké turu ntupọ, na-acha ọcha-kụziri, Siria, wryneck na atọ toed. Ebe ọzọ na Europe ị na ha niile ọnụ nwere ike ịhụ. Ọ na-na-hụrụ ụfọdụ ụdị ugwu nnụnụ, dị ka grouse, boreal ikwiikwii, nwa woodpecker. N'akuku ha ka bụ nnọọ a ala-esi na Remez na oké egret - ndịda bi. The Russian mkpu akwụkwọ e depụtara 12 ụdị anụmanụ, nnukwu na nta turu ntupọ ugo, nwa stork, Ukrainian lamprey, Mnemosyne, Apollo urukurubụba, oké ele ebe, ibu noctule, muskrat, n'etiti ahụrụ woodpecker, isi awọ shrike, agwọ ugo.

The enyemaka nke idobere na ihu igwe

The mpaghara nke "Bryansky oké ọhịa" na-anọchi anya accumulative
larịị, ala-ịgha ụgha, jiri nwayọọ sloping. E nweghị oké elu ma ọ bụ, na Kama nke ahụ, nisin. The kacha nta dị elu nke ebe - 125 m, mgbe kacha - 210 kasị -. 140-170 m apịtị ebe profaịlụ ụdị na mbara iju mmiri na mbara ọzara, a jiri nwayọọ mmasị elu na ewepụghị mpụga. River Valley goms ebe esịmde 12-15 kilomita, e wezụga na iju mmiri obosara nke elu ise kilomita. Floodplains na-ji oké Ikuku nke teres na-eru a obosara nke otu abụọ kilomita na ogide nnukwu ebe. E nwere na mbụ na-emighị emi Ikuku na dunes 6-9 mita elu, sinkholes na n'oghere. The idụhe nke ebe ndị a subcontinental, nkezi afọ okpomọkụ bụ 5.4 Celsius ^C. The ọdịda bụ 550-590 mm kwa afọ. Winter na-abụkarị moderately oyi. Cheta nke a song: "Shumel idiọk Bryansk ọhịa ..."? Nke a bụ nnọọ ihe na idobere. Oge okpomọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ. Njupụta nke afọ okpomọkụ - 25-27 ^° C ukwuu n'afọ - 136-154 ụbọchị - ikuku okpomọkụ bụ efu degrees.

Ọdọ Bryansk ọhịa

Polesie na osimiri na-tributaries nke ndị Desna River ma nwe efere nke Dnieper. Ụfọdụ ọmụma banyere waterways na-asọpụta site na idobere. Goms ọwa nwere na ebe nke banyere 90 km, obosara ya: max - 144 mita, na mbụ - 60-80 m Poyma - ahịhịa, apịtị dị, 4-5 km obosara ..

Ọzọ osimiri Nerussa ekpe tributary goms, nwere ogologo na a nyere ebe dị ihe dị 110 km, ọwa obosara nwere ike ịbụ ruo 52 mita, na-emekarị - 25-30. The obosara nke floodplain - 2-3 mita, ọ bụ apịtị, ọhịa, ahịhịa na ọhịa. Mara ebe Navlya River, North na Usozha. Ọzọkwa a otutu obere osimiri, na ogologo nke nke dịgasị iche n'ebe ise 38 kilomita "Bryansk Forest" Reserve, ji a obere ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ọdọ mmiri, nke bụ isi osimiri oxbows Navlya, Nerusso na-agazu n'agbụ. Of floodplain ọdọ iguzo dị upland mpụga goms Zherenskie ọdọ: Lake. Big Gérin, a omimi nke 0.3-0.4 mita, na Lake. Obere Gérin, banyere abụọ mita miri emi. E nwekwara nnọọ obere, ụdị sinkholes.

Esi na idobere si kacha nso obodo

Site Bryansk - maka track "Bryansk-Kiev" ka uzo obodo nta nke Raven si Log, wdg - The obodo nke Bee, Kholmech, Terebushka na obodo nta nke Berezovka. N'ebe ahụ, na etiti na e nwere a n'aka na Central manor. Site Trubchevsk - na track "Trubchevsk-Suzemka" ọhụrụ, Century na Berezovka. Site Suzemka - na track "Suzemka-Trubchevsk" ka Kholmech, Berezovka. Ụgbọ okporo ígwè - ụzọ "Bryansk-Suzemka" ka Nerussa n'elu ikpo okwu na a ọkara kilomita na ụkwụ na Central manor. Ejisie Reserve Bryansk ọhịa management, emi odude ke mpaghara etiti n'okporo ámá mgbe Kalinina, ụlọ nọmba 34. Nke a ụlọ ọrụ natara maka ọrụ ya otuto site na World Wildlife Fund.