Catherine Bastard Sons 2. Catherine 2

Catherine II, eleghị anya, otu n'ime ndị kasị pụta ìhè mmadụ na ihe mere eme nke Russian ala. About ya mmasị n'anya na ndụ onwe onye bụ ka kpara. Ke ibuotikọ emi anyị ga-agbalị idozi onye bụ nwa otu ukara nke Catherine 2, na onye bụ ihe iwu na-akwadoghị nwa.

Karịsịa mgbe ọnwụ nke Eze Nwanyị Ukwu, ha nọgidere na-eleta. Ndị bụ ndị a? Gụọ na na ị ga-amụta.

Personal ndụ nke Eze Nwanyị Ukwu

N'ihi na All-Russian Eze Nwanyị Ukwu bụ nnọọ mara mma na obiọma nwaanyị, o nwere ike na-eche na na kaboodu ọ ezu "ọkpụkpụ."

Ọ na-kweere na nanị ihe ukara nwa Catherine 2 - Paul. Ònye bụ nna nke ihe iwu na-akwadoghị nwa, anyị ga-akọwa mgbe e mesịrị, mgbe anyị na-ekwu banyere Alexei Bobrinsk.

Ya mere Sophia nke Anhalt-Tserbskaya, mgbe ọ e aha Orthodox Catherine, onye pụtara ìhè n'ihu na Russia. Nne nke ga-eme n'ọdịnihu Emperor Peter III, Elizaveta Petrovna, họọrọ nwunye nwa-ya, na dị ka a n'ihi kwụsịrị na candidacy nke Prussian adaeze.

Na mbata na a mba ọhụrụ girl kpọrọ aku na-amụ omenala ọhụrụ onwe m. Ọ n'ụzọ zuru okè nke nna ukwu na Russian asụsụ aghọ ọtọdọks okwukwe. Ihe niile ga-adị mma, ma ọ bụghị n'ọdịnihu eze ukwu nwere maka Catherine bụghị nwetụrụ ebere. Ọ hụrụ ya nanị dị ka a na-amanye abụba, a perennial osisi na mistresses.

N'ihi dị otú ahụ a "ezinụlọ obi ụtọ" Princess bịara nwee mmasị na ịchụ nta, ỤFỌDỤ, mmekorita na European ọkà ihe ọmụma na encyclopedists. N'ime oge ahụ, na ọ na-egosi onye ọkacha mmasị.

Nke otu mmasị bụ ukara nwa Catherine 2. ọtụtụ afọ, ndị Eze Nwanyị Ukwu ike na-atụrụ ime site n'aka di ya. Na mberede a okoro a mụrụ. More nkọwa banyere ọnọdụ a ga-atụle mgbe e mesịrị.

N'ihi na nke a na-emezughị alụmdi na nwunye, na mgbe a nke ọma n'obí kuu Eze Nwanyị Ukwu bụ ike n'ụzọ zuru ezu mejuputa ya nkwa na-"free ịhụnanya." Ikpe ikpe si data, nke utịp ke otu nke kasị mma nke ya biographers, Bartenev, Catherine II n'oge ndụ iri abụọ na atọ n'anya.

Otu n'ime ha na-kwuru otú ahụ statesmen ka Potemkin na Orlov, Saltykov na Vasilchikov, Lansky na Zorich. N'ụzọ dị ịrịba ama, na Grigoriy Aleksandrovich Potemkin ghọrọ fọrọ nke nta ihe unofficial di ya. Ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụghị mere ọha na eze, ma ha nwere a nzuzo agbamakwụkwọ, Catherine na-akpọ na ruo mgbe ọgwụgwụ nke ndụ na ozi na diaries nke ya na nwunye ya onwe-ya nwunye ya. Ha nwere a nwa, Elizaveta Grigorevna Temkina.

N'ihi ya, Eze Nwanyị Ukwu bụ nnọọ oké ma ọgaranya ndụ onwe onye. Ike kacha ike na ọha na eze pụtara na ọ bụ nanị abụọ n'ime ya hụrụ - Orlov na Potemkin. All nke na-esonụ, ka a na-achị, tupu ha na-aghọ ndị ọkacha mmasị nke Catherine, nọ a ọnọdụ nke osote Grigory.

Mgbe Eze Nwanyị Ukwu o nwere ọtụtụ ụmụ, ma ụmụ niile ọ mụrụ abụọ. Ọ bụ banyere ha na a ga-atụle n'ihu.

The ukara nwa

N'ocheeze Eze Nwanyị Ukwu n'ọnọdu naanị ukara nwa Catherine na 2 Peter 3. Aha ya bụ Paul m Petrovich.

Ọ bụ nnọọ welcome nwa nwa na nne nne ya, Elizabeth. The mgbagwoju anya nke ọnọdụ n'obí bụ na afọ iri mgbe ndị di na nwunye, onye nketa ka ocheeze. Asịrị malitere igbasa na Peter III nweghị ike ịtụrụ ime mkpụrụ, na ike kwụsị usoro ndị eze.

Elizabeth kpebiri inye ha aka. Iji ogige ya a na-akpọ ndị kasị mma na-awa nke St. Petersburg, bụ ndị nwere ịwa ahụ iji wepụ phimosis. N'ihi ya, n'afọ nke iri nke ukara alụmdi na nwunye, Catherine II mụrụ nwa nwoke. Ma, ruo ogologo oge e nwere ndị asịrị na onye nketa ahụ bụ bụghị nna nke eze ukwu na okpueze adaeze si mmasị - Sergei Saltykov.

Otú ọ dị, biographers nke eze usoro ndị eze, siri ọnwụ na ọ bụ Pita III bụ ezigbo nne na nna nke Pavel Petrovich. Nke a version taa kpebiri iji gosi na-eme nnyocha. Otu ihe àmà dị na ya anya. Mgbe niile, nwa Catherine 2, Paul (foto Eserese nke a na-aruputaghari ke ibuotikọ) bụ kpọmkwem akwụkwọ nke Emperor Peter III.

The abụọ ntụzi-aka bụ Y-haploid genotype, nkịtị niile ụmụ Nicholas I. Nke a akpan akpan ndokwa nke iche nke otu mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa (alleles) at a kpọmkwem ebe (locus) cytological map nke chromosome.

N'ihi ya, taa, ọdịnihu eze ukwu kpọmkwem affiliation ndị ezinụlọ nke Romanovs gosipụtara. Otú ọ dị, ihe mere na ndị na-esonụ afọ na Pavel Petrovich?

Nwata. ọzụzụ

Ozugbo ọmụmụ nke nwa Catherine na 2 Peter 3 e kewapụrụ n'ebe ndị mụrụ ha. Nne nne ya, Elizaveta Petrovna, na ìhè nke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị mmegide, bụ ókè nchegbu banyere akara aka nke onye nketa ka ocheeze.

Nne mbụ hụrụ nwa ya nwoke na na njedebe nke ụbọchị iri anọ. N'agbanyeghị eziokwu na ọmụmụ nke onye-nketa nke usoro ndị eze na-echebe obodo si ụdi Nsogbu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ha ka na-mere. Ma mgbe Paul m bụ obere, nne nne m na-elekọta ya na-ekpe.

Ma Catherine ma Peter na ndụ nke Eze Ukwu na-egwu ọ bụla ịrịba ama ọrụ. Ozugbo nwa, na nwa gbara ya gburugburu a n'ụzọ pụrụ iche họrọ entourage, nke gụnyere ndị nọọsụ, ndị nkụzi, ndị kụziiri na mma nkụzi. Ihu nke ndị ọrụ aku onwe Elizaveta Petrovna.

Isi onye maka otú e si zụọ nke nwa okoro ahụ ghọrọ onye a ma ama diplomaati Behteev. The nwoke ekwe ajụjụ nke malite ịgba na mma-guzobere ụkpụrụ omume. Otu n'ime akụkụ nke izi usoro bụ akwụkwọ nke akwụkwọ akụkọ nke ọ na a gwara banyere niile pranks nke ga-eme n'ọdịnihu eze ukwu.

Ekemende Behteev dochie Panin. New nduzi were ukwu kpọrọ maka usoro ọzụzụ. N'ịbụ nso a ma ama na European edo nkume, Nikita Ivanovich nwere ọtụtụ mmata. Ya mere, n'ime ihe ndị mbụ nkụzi ndị Paul Metropolitan Platon, Poroshin, grunge na Millikan.

Ọ bụ ihe kwesịrị ịrịba ama na ihe ọ bụla mmata na na na na na ha na ndị ọgbọ ha ókè. The mesiri ike bụ nanị na-akụziri na mmụọ nke na ihe ọmụma. Tsesarevich natara ọzụzụ kasịnụ nke oge ya, kama nkewa nne na nna na ndị ọgbọ iduga irreversible pụta.

Nwa Catherine 2 Pavel Petrovich bilie traumatized onye. Mgbe e mesịrị, a ga-eme na ya eccentricities na okwu rụrụ arụ antics. Otu onye nke ga-eduga a izu ọjọọ megide eze ukwu ahụ, na ya igbu ọchụ mgbe a n'obí kuu.

Mmekọrịta nne

Dịghị mgbe nwa Catherine 2 Pavel Petrovich adịghị ka nne ya. The Eze Nwanyị Ukwu site n'ụbọchị ndị mbụ ọ na-atụle a nwa ihe a hụghị ya n'anya nwoke onye Peter III bụ ya.

Ọ nụrụ kepu kepu na mgbe a mụrụ nwa ya nwoke, o dere a ka na-eru ịghọ okenye, ọ ga-enye ya na-achị mba. Ma akwụkwọ a, ọ dịghị onye hụtụrụla. Jọgburu eziokwu a na-egosi na ụdi omume nke Eze Nwanyị Ukwu.

Kwa afọ, nwa Catherine 2 Paul esiwanye hapụrụ nne ọha omume. Ọ ẹmende nke kacha mma nkụzi, indulged mmasị dị iche iche na sayensị. The mbụ kansul nke agha, nke ndị Eze Nwanyị Ukwu kpọ ya, ada itie ke 1783, ya bụ, mgbe Pavel Petrovich iri abụọ na afọ itoolu.

Na nzukọ a na nke ikpeazụ ọdịiche delineated n'etiti ha.

Tupu nke a, Eze Nwanyị Ukwu Catherine II indulged agbasa asịrị banyere ọmụmụ ya site Saltykov. Ọ na-akwado echiche nke ahaghị nhata na obi ọjọọ nke Crown Prince.

Taa ọ bụ ike na-ekpe ikpe, kama nkịtị, bụ ndị na-enweghị afọ ojuju na iwu nke Eze Nwanyị Ukwu, bụ na n'akụkụ nke Paul Petrovich. Ya mere, Emelyan Pugachev kwere nkwa mgbe kuu inye ya ike. Aha nke Crown Prince dara mgbe ihe otiti ogbaaghara ke Moscow. Ndị nnupụisi, edu dọọrọ n'agha Benevskaya nwekwara ṅụụrụ-eto eto na eze ukwu.

Na-adịbeghị anya, na ndụ nke Catherine II nọ na-echere a emerịrị Ememe Agbamakwụkwọ nwa mbụ nke Paul Alexander. Na nke a, ọ ga-enwe ike nyefee ike nwa nwa ya aka uzo na a hụghị ya n'anya nwa. Ma mgbe ya ọnwụ Bezborod'ko odeakwụkwọ ebibi manifesto karịa Tsarevich azọpụta site na njide ma mee ka ọ rịgoro n'ocheeze. N'oge a gasịrị, ọ natara kasị elu ala n'usoro nke chancelo.

Life na Gatchina

Official nwa Catherine 2 Pavel Petrovich, mgbe ọtụtụ afọ njem na Western Europe biri na ala na ụlọ nke oge agụ Grigoriya Grigorevicha Orlova. Tupu na okpueze-isi ama ugboro abụọ lụrụ di na nwunye.

Nwunye ya mbụ bụ Wilhelmina nke Hesse-Darmstadt (mgbe ahụ Emperor Pọl iri na itoolu). Ma mgbe abụọ na ọkara afọ, ọ nwụrụ na-amụ nwa na enye ekemende a ọhụrụ na-alụ ọhụrụ.

Ọ bụ Sophia Doroteya Vyurtembergskaya, ada nke Duke nke Württemberg. Candidacy maka Emperor onwe họọrọ King of Prussia Frederick II. Ọ bụ ihe kwesịrị ịrịba ama na ọ na-abịa site na otu aha dị ka Catherine Ukwu ahụ, nne nke Paul Petrovich.

N'ihi ya, mgbe a afọ na ọkara-ejegharị ejegharị na nwunye nwunye lụrụ ọhụrụ biri na Gatchina, bụbu ala na ụlọ nke Gụọ Orlov. Ọ bụ na-akpali na, dị ka ozi si ọchịchị ala na azụmahịa akwụkwọ ala, ndị Crown Prince na nwunye ya mgbe niile na-apụnara ndị ohu na ndị ikwu. Mgbe nnukwu ụgwọ maka ụbọchị ndị ahụ na abụọ na narị abụọ na iri ise na puku rubles kwa annum nwa Catherine 2 1 Paul bụ mgbe niile mkpa nke mgbazinye ego.

Ọ Gatchina n'ọdịnihu eze ukwu na-akawanye a "toy" agha. Ọ bụ a agha guzobere, yiri atọ ọchị shelves Petra Velikogo. Ọ bụ ezie na ha dịkọrọ ndụ, ma kwuo nnọọ ezighị megide ndị dị otú ahụ agụụ mmekọahụ nke Crown Prince, ma na oge anyị na-eme nnyocha nwere ndị na-abụghị echiche.

Dabere na data banyere ozizi, na shelves bụghị nanị eje ije na parades. Ọ bụ a obere, ma n'ụzọ zuru okè zụrụ maka agha n'oge ahụ. Ka ihe atụ, a kụziiri ha na-egosipụta Marines, ha na-enwe ike ibuso ehihie na abalị. Ndị a na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ si eme mgbe nile kwue na ha nwa Catherine 2.

iwu na-akwadoghị nwa

Otú ọ dị, e nwere otu ihe iwu na-akwadoghị nwa Catherine 2. Ya aha Alex G .. Mgbe e mesịrị, nwa okoro nyere aha Bobrinsky, mgbe Bobriki ala (ugbu a n'obodo Bogoroditsk na Tula region).

2 nwa Catherine na Orlov, dị ka dịkọrọ ndụ, dị nnọọ ihere na jụụ nwata. Na ogige e nwere ndị asịrị banyere "warara mkpebi nke ya uche," n'ihi na afọ iri na atọ nke ya amachaghị French na German, nakwa dị ka mmalite nke som na ọdịdị ala.

Ihe na-akpali bụrụ na a na-ejikọta ya na ọmụmụ nke Alekseya Bobrinskogo. Na December 1761, Eze Nwanyị Ukwu Elizabeth nwụrụ, na ụbọchị laghachi ocheeze nke nwa ya nwoke Peter III. Omume na-eduga ná a ikpeazụ ezumike n'etiti Catherine na nwunye. Woman e zigara na-ebi ndụ na-abụghị nku nke Winter Obí.

Ọ bụ ihe kwesịrị ịrịba ama, ma ya yiri merenụ mere bụghị iwe. N'oge ahụ, ọ bụ a mmasị Grigory Orlov. Ọnwa anọ gasịrị, na April 1762, oge ruru ga-amụ a nwa-nwoke site na nke a n'anya. Iji na-ekwu na ibu nna nke Peter III bụ agaghị ekwe omume.

Ya mere, ọ e weere na mbụ uzo nke ihe. Valet Eze Nwanyị Ukwu, Basil Shkurin, na-esetịpụrụ ọku n'ulo-ya. Dị ka Eze Ukwu hụrụ n'anya na-enwe mmasị ọkụ ahụ, ọ, ya na ya entourage ekpe ulo-na-enweta ntem. N'oge a, Catherine II mụrụ a nwa-nwoke site Grigoriya Orlova.

Tupu kuu na-ekwusa ya adị bụ nzuzu na-ize ndụ, otú ahụ ka nwa okoro ozugbo inye nkuchi kwesịrị ntụkwasị obi valet, nke karịrị mara mma mansion na saịtị ọkụ ala e wuru.

nwata

N'ihi ya, nwa Catherine na 2 Grigory Orlov na a kpọlitere ya na ụmụ garderobmeystera Basil Shkurina gasịrị, ọ ga-ike nyere n'usoro nke valet. Ruo afọ iri na abụọ Alex biri ma na-amụ ya na ụmụ ya. Na 1770, ọnụ ha na-aga afọ anọ na Leipzig. E nwere n'ụzọ pụrụ iche-osisi e kere n'ihi na ndị a ụmụ nwoke.

Na 1772, Alekseya Bobrinskogo afọ abụọ na-enịm n'okpuru nlekọta nke Neapolitan agha Marshal Iosifa De Ribas. Gasịrị, oge nọrọ na iwu na-akwadoghị nwa nke Eze Nwanyị Ukwu, guru na Spaniard, o Pop bu mmiri ogwu na a ma ama na ọnọdụ ke Russia. Dị ka ihe atụ, ọ Deribas (dị ka Russian n'ụzọ, ọ malitere ide aha ya) òkè bụ isi ihe e kere eke nke na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri nke Odessa. Na mgbe ya na-aha ndị kasị ama n'okporo ámá na obodo.

Na iri na atọ, Alex Bobrinsky laghachiri Russian Alaeze Ukwu na n'ime mkpofu na Betsky. N'otu oge, nwa okoro ọdọhọde ala na ụlọ na Bobryk maka nkwado n'ụzọ ihe onwunwe.

Dị ka onye nlekọta na onye nkụzi, nwa Catherine 2 Alex bụ ihe ọmụma dị ukwuu na-achụ nke sayensị. Ọ dị nnọọ chọrọ ime nne ya. Kpọrọ nwa okoro ahụ jụụ, dị nwayọọ na nnabata.

Ivan Ivanovich Betskoy, ịbụ onye a ma ama na nọ nke mmụta na St. Petersburg, a zuru ezu mmetụta siri ike ọ bụghị naanị na ọzụzụ Alekseya Bobrinskogo, ma na nkwalite nke Iosifa De Ribas.

Na afọ iri abụọ, nwa okorobịa ahụ kwuchara na ihe banyere ọmụmụ. Dị ka ụgwọ ọrụ, ọ na-a nrite ọlaedo na elu ahụ n'usoro nke onyeisi.

tour

Mgbe dị a N'ezie nke ịzụ nwa Catherine 2 na Grigory Orlov e asuan na zitere na a njem nke Western Europe. M ga-asị na ebe a, anyị nwere ihe atụ nke otú Eze Nwanyị Ukwu hụrụ n'anya nke a nwa okorobịa na nwa wee lekọta ya.

Aleksey Grigorevich Bobrinsky na nke kacha mma na-agụsị akwụkwọ nke ahụ ahụ na njem n'okpuru nlekọta nke ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na ndị agha. Dị ka Russian ọkà mmụta sayensị Nikolai so ha Ozeretskovsky, ede akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu, a so na Russian Academy nke Sciences na St. Petersburg. The ụmụaka gara Moscow, Nizhny Novgorod, Yekaterinburg, Yaroslavl, Simbirsk, Ufa, Astrakhan, Taganrog, Kherson na Kiev.

Esote ya na Warsaw e tinyere na-elekọta Colonel Aleksey Bushuev, onye nọgidere na-na Alumni njem Western Europe. E gara Austria, Italy na Switzerland. Program biri gara ọkara na Paris.

The kpatara ya bụ na nwa Catherine 2, na Gụọ Orlov bịara nwee mmasị na ịgba chaa chaa na ụmụ agbọghọ. Ọ dịghị ihe karịrị mmadụ banyere ya ruo afọ ndụ ya, ma e nwere nghọtahie n'ihi na eziokwu na iziga ya ego si Eze Nwanyị Ukwu (puku atọ) biri niile ndị enyi ya. Ma ego bụ ezughị na otu Alekseyu Bobrinskomu.

Na echiche nke ugbu a ọnọdụ nke ndị gụsịrị akwụkwọ na France e zigara home, na nwa nke Eze Nwanyị Ukwu ka ekwe ka ha biri na Europe. Ebe ọ bụ na ụgwọ, ma nwee mmasị na ọhịa ndụ.

N'ihi ya, Ekaterina Velikaya iwu-akpọrọ ya gaa Russia. Gụọ Vorontsov na a ole na ole isi ike ma nagide ọrụ, na Alekseya Bobrinskogo biri na Revel. Ebe a na-a ụdị "mkpọrọ n'ụlọ" ya. N'oge njem Europe, ọ na-akwalite ahụ n'usoro nke abụọ-isi usu-ndi (oge a agadi onyeisi).

Mmekọrịta Catherine II

Ozugbo ọmụmụ nke nwa Catherine 2 Bobrinsky ụtọ na ọnọdụ nke nne. Ọ natara nnọọ a ezi muta. Eze Nwanyị Ukwu dị ka o kwere na-akwado ma na-enyere nile. Ma n'ihi enweghị a nwa okorobịa acumen na nkwa ịrụzi na-elekọta ya dị ka poselin ụmụ obere ihe oyiyi.

Ihe gbanwere bụ ọdịda nke Alekseya Bobrinskogo mgbe ejegharị ejegharị na Western Europe. Ọ chụpụrụ ọma mmasị n'ụdị puku atọ (site Creative nke Eze Nwanyị Ukwu ike maka ya). Ọzọkwa, mgbe ndị ozi nke Russian ịgba chaa chaa ji e zigara ọzọ na iri asaa na puku ise.

Ma, ọ bụghị aka. The nwa okorobịa wee ruo na ala ọzọ. Site Catherine Onye Ukwu arịrịọ maka ya n'ihi na a mgbe anya Friedrich Grimm, French onye edemede na diplomaati. Mgbe ọ jụrụ-arụ ọrụ a n'ihi na ndị na-abụghị nnabata ụmụ nwoke, Catherine 2 na nwa gụọ Orlov e zigara Russia.

The Eze Nwanyị Ukwu were nzọụkwụ a, ebe ọ bụ na nwa ahụ na omume na-emebi aha ọma ya.

O doro anya na, na-na Revel na ukpan ịhapụ obodo, Alex Bobrinsky ghọtara omimi nke ya iwe. Nke a pụtara ìhè mgbe nile na-arịọ maka mgbaghara na ikike ime ka isi obodo. The pụta bụ a mgbasa nke ya na ìgwè ndị agha na n'usoro nke Brigadier.

Na iri atọ na abụọ na afọ, na Eze Nwanyị Ukwu ekwe ka nwa ya nwoke izu a nnukwu ụlọ na Livonia, ebe afọ abụọ gasịrị, ọ lụrụ Baroness Urgyen-Sternberg. N'ihi na nke agbamakwụkwọ Alekseyu Bobrinskomu ekwe a ụbọchị ole na ole na-abịa na isi obodo na Catherine II anya alụ ọhụrụ.

Mgbe ahụ, o we la ya nnukwu ụlọ Ober-Palen, ebe o biri ndụ ruo mgbe nne ya nwụsịrị.

Mmekọrịta Paul m

Oddly ezu, ma Alexei Bobrinsky, nwa Catherine 2, nwere nkwado zuru ezu na nchegbu si Emperor Paul I. Ya stepbrother onwe ya site n'ụlọ mkpọrọ, na ka oge na-aga ka isi n'ozuzu ha. Ọ na-ọdịda nwanne Order of St. Anne ma nye commandery.

Na mberede, Otú ọ dị, iwu na-akwadoghị nwa Catherine 2 dara nke amara. Na iri atọ na isii afọ nke ya abụọ asuan si ọrụ, na-efunahụ nke n'ọkwá na ọbịa na-ebi na ala na ụlọ Bobriki.

Alexey Grigoryevich kwere ileta isi obodo na mkpọchi na Livonia, ma machibidoro ọ bụla ala na ihe ndị metụtara agha.

Tutu Alexei Bobrinsky, nwa Catherine 2, mụọ banyere mbara igwe, mineralogy na ugbo. E liri ya na crypt nke ala nke dị n'ógbè Tula.