N'ihi na ọkụ Giordano Bruno? The isi echiche, ihe odide, nchoputa

E nwere ọtụtụ echiche banyere ihe e ọkụ Giordano Bruno. Na uka nsụhọ n'azu ya gbanyesiri mkpọrọgwụ image nke a onye e gburu maka ịgbachitere ya heliocentric Ozizi. Otú ọ dị, ọ bụrụ na ndị ọzọ anya na biography na ọrụ a thinker, ị ga-achọpụta na ya ogu na Catholic Church bụ ihe nke a okpukpe karịa ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị.

Biography nke thinker

Tupu ihe, n'ihi na nke ọ na-ọkụ Giordano Bruno, i kwesịrị ịtụle ya ụzọ nke ndụ. N'ọdịnihu ọkà ihe ọmụma a mụrụ na 1548 na Italy, nso Naples. Na obodo a, nwa okorobịa ghọrọ onye mọnk na a obodo obibi ndị mọnk nke St. Dominic. All ndụ ya okpukpe ya ọchịchọ bịara ọnụ na nnyocha. N'ime oge ahụ, Bruno bụ otu n'ime ihe ndị kasị gụrụ akwụkwọ ndị nke oge ya. Ọbụna dị ka a na nwa ya na-amụ echiche, akwụkwọ, na dialectic.

Na 24, na-eto eto na Dominican ghọrọ a nchụàjà. Otú ọ dị, ndụ nke Giordano Bruno maka ogologo e jikọtara ya na-eje ozi na chọọchị. Ozugbo ọ na-na-ejide na-agụ iwu ndị mọnk akwụkwọ. Mgbe ahụ Dominican ọsọ mbụ Rome, mgbe ahụ ka ugwu nke Italy, wee kpamkpam nke mba. E a nkenke ọmụmụ na University of Geneva, ma e Bruno chụpụrụ na ebubo nke heresy. Edemede nwere ịmata uche. Na ihu ọha ha anya na arụmụka na mgbe mgbe o wee gabiga Christian ozizi, ọ bụghị na nkwekọrịta ahụ n'ozuzu nabatara ozizi.

nkà mmụta sayensị na-eme

Na 1580, Bruno kwagara France. Ọ kụziiri na mba kasị ukwuu na mahadum - na Sorbonne. E nwekwara pụtara mbụ e biri ebi ọrụ nke Giordano Bruno. Akwụkwọ edemede lekwasịrị anya otu ihe echeta - nkà nke echeta. French ọkà ihe ọmụma hụrụ Korol Genrih III. O nwere patronage nke Italian, ịkpọ ya n'ụlọikpe na-enye ihe niile dị mkpa na-arụ ọrụ ọnọdụ.

Na Henry so ngwaọrụ Bruno na English na Oxford University, ebe ọ kwagara na afọ nke 35 afọ. Na London na 1584 thinker o bipụtara otu n'ime ya kasị mkpa akwụkwọ "Na-enweghị nsọtụ nke eluigwe na ala na ụwa." Ọkà mmụta sayensị ogologo amụ banyere mbara igwe nakwa ohere mbipụta ngwaọrụ. Enweghi ngwụcha ụwa, o kwuru banyere ya n'akwụkwọ, bụ kpamkpam megidere nabatara mgbe worldview.

The Italian bụ a supporter nke ozizi Nikolaya Kopernika - bụ ihe ọzọ na "ihe", n'ihi na nke ọ ọkụ Giordano Bruno. Ya kachasi mkpa (heliocentrism) bụ eziokwu na na etiti nke usoro mbara bụ anyanwụ, nakwa mbara ala dabeere ya. Church si ele ihe anya na nke a nke bụ nnọọ ndị na-abụghị. Katọlik kweere na Earth bụ na center, na niile ozu ọnụ na Sun na-akpụ akpụ na gburugburu ya (a geocentricism). Bruno kwalitere Copernican echiche London, tinyere na n'obí Elizabeth I. akwado Italian na achọtaghi. Ọbụna Shakespeare, bụ onye edemede na ọkà ihe ọmụma Bacon emeghị akwado echiche ya.

Laghachi Italy

Mgbe afọ ole na ole na England, Bruno gara Europe (tumadi na Germany). Na mgbe nile na-arụ ọrụ o uko, n'ihi na mahadum na-emekarị egwu na-Italian n'ihi na nke ya echiche dị nnọọ iche. Awagharị nwara dozie ke Czech Republic. Ma na Prague, ọ bụghị obi ụtọ. N'ikpeazụ, na 1591 a thinker kpebiri na a obi ike-eme. Ọ laghachiri Italy, kpọmkwem na Venice, ebe a kpọrọ oké ozu Giovanni Mocenigo. The nwa okorobịa malitere iji kwụọ ụgwọ handsomely maka Bruno ihe na otu ihe echeta ihe.

N'oge na-adịghị, Otú ọ dị, mmekọrịta nke na-arụrụ ọrụ na thinker soured. Na onye mkparịta ụka kwenyere Bruno Mocenigo na e nwere enweghi ngwụcha ụwa, ndị Sun bụ na etiti nke ụwa, na na. D. Ma ihe ọbụna ibu ndudue mere ọkà ihe ọmụma, mgbe ọ malitere atụle ndị oké ozu okpukpe. Si mkparịta ụka ndị a, i nwere ike ịghọta ihe mere ha ọkụ Giordano Bruno.

The ikpe Bruno

Na 1592 Mocenigo zitere ọtụtụ nkatọ Venetian inquisitors, na nke ọ kọwara obi ike echiche nke mbụ Dominican. Giovanni Bruno mere mkpesa na Jizọs bụ a dibịa afa, na gbalịrị izere ọnwụ ya, na bụghị ẹka ya a martyr, dị ka a kọwara na Gospel. Ọzọkwa, thinker, kwuru okwu nke na-apụghị ime nke na ụgwọ ọrụ nke mmehie, na ire ure nke ịlọ ụwa nke Italian mọnk. Ịgọnahụ isi Christian ozizi banyere divinity of Christ, -amaghị nwoke mụrụ, Atọ n'Ime Otu, na na. E., Ọ ghọrọ apụghị izere ezere na iyi onye iro nke chọọchị.

Bruno na mkparịta ụka na Mocenigo kwuru ọchịchọ ike ya na nkà ihe ọmụma na okpukpe ozizi nke "ọhụrụ nkà ihe ọmụma." Olu nke ndị jụrụ okwukwe echiche kwupụtara Italian, bụ nke ukwuu nke na ndị inquisitors ozugbo ichoputa. Bruno e jidere ya. Ọ nọrọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ na ajụjụ ọnụ nke ihe karịrị afọ asaa. N'ihi neprobivaemosti jụrụ okwukwe, ọ na-agafere Rome. Ma ọbụna n'ebe ahụ, ọ nọgidere na unmoved. February 17, 1600 ọ nọ na-ọkụ n'elu osisi na square nke Okooko osisi na Rome. Edemede nyeghị elu echiche ha. Ọzọkwa, o kwuru na ka ọ gbaa ya apụtaghị iji gbaghaa ozizi ya. Taa ke ebe ogbugbu bụ a ncheta Bruno arụnyere na e nwere na njedebe nke XIX na narị afọ.

emie

Vasatail ọkà mmụta sayensị Giordano Bruno zastragivalo ma na sayensị ma okwukwe. Mgbe ọkà ihe ọmụma laghachi Italy, ọ hụrụ onwe ya a na-ekwusa nke gbanwee okpukpe. Ndabere nke na ọ na-aga kpọmkwem ihe ọmụma sayensị. Nke a Nchikota na-akọwa ọnụnọ ke odide nke Bruno ka a arụmụka ndị ezi uche na-ezo aka mysticism.

N'ezie, ọkà ihe ọmụma, echepụta ozizi ya adịghị nnọọ na-eme. ọtụtụ n'ihe echiche Dzhordano Bruno dabeere na odide nke ya ọtụtụ ụzọ, gụnyere ndị dịrị ndụ n'oge ochie. Otu ihe dị mkpa ntọala maka Dominican bụ a buu masị. Nke a oge ochie akwụkwọ nkà ihe ọmụma na-akụziri omimi-kensinammuo ụzọ nke na-aghọta ụwa, mgbagha na na. D. The edemede we si ya echiche nke ụwa na-mkpụrụ obi, na-akwọ ụgbọala na-eluigwe na ala dum, na mmalite nke a otu ahụ.

Bruno nwekwara dabeere na Pythagorean. Nke a na nkà ihe ọmụma na okpukpe na-akụzi na dabeere na echiche nke eluigwe na ala dị ka a harmonic usoro, ebutere space iwu. -Eso ụzọ ya budata gwagbuworo Kabbalah na ndị ọzọ omimi omenala.

nkwenkwe okpukpe

Ihe, na-emegide ndị ụkọchukwu echiche Giordano Bruno apụtaghị na ọ bụ ekweghị na Chineke. Kama nke ahụ, na-Italian nọgidere a kwere ekwe, ma ya echiche ikwu na Chineke bụ nnọọ iche iche si Catholic nkwenkwe. Ihe atụ, tupu na-egbu ama njikere ịnwụ Bruno kwuru na ọ ga-aga ozugbo na onye okike.

Na thinker ya nkwa na-heliocentrism bụghị ihe ịrịba ama nke jụrụ okpukpe. Na a Ozizi, Bruno gosipụtara eziokwu nke okwu ya Pythagorean echiche, ma ekwughị na Chineke dị adị. Nke ahụ bụ heliocentrism ghọrọ a ụdị a mgbakọ na mwepụ ụzọ ịgbakwunye na ịzụlite nkà ihe ọmụma nke na ọkà mmụta sayensị.

Hermeticism

Ọzọ dị ịrịba ama iyi nke mmụọ nsọ bụ Bruno Hermetic nkà ihe ọmụma. Ozizi a pụtara na mbubreyo n'oge ochie, mgbe Mediterranean nwetara ya heyday Omenala ndị Grik. Ndabere nke echiche nke odide oge ochie bụ ndị, dị ka a onyere Hermes Trismegistus.

Ozizi na-agụnye ihe nke ịgụ kpakpando, anwansi na My Chemical Romance. Emume naanị ndị anabatara ma omimi ọdịdị nke Hermetic nkà ihe ọmụma bụ nnọọ mmasị Dzhordano Bruno. oge ochie ya ama ogologo n'oge gara aga, ma ọ bụ n'oge na Renaissance na Europe, e nwere ejiji dị otú ahụ a na-amụ na reinterpretation oge ochie isi mmalite. Ọ dị ịrịba ama na otu n'ime ndị na-eme nnyocha Heritage Bruno Frensis Yeyts akpọ ya a "Renaissance dibịa afa."

cosmology

N'oge Renaissance, e nwere obere nnyocha, nke ukwuu echegharị echiche cosmology na Ọdịdị nke eluigwe na ala, dị ka Giordano Bruno. Emepe ọkà mmụta banyere ihe ndị a na-setịpụrụ na-arụ ọrụ "Na ukwuu na nnọọ ukwuu", "On enweghi ngwụcha, eluigwe na ala na ụwa" na "mkparita na ntụ." Echiche banyere eke nkà ihe ọmụma na cosmology, Bruno ghọrọ revolutionary dịkọrọ ndụ, nke mere na ọ dịghị mgbe ha were. Edemede wee site na ozizi Nikolaya Kopernika, supplementing na zuo okè ya. Isi adian nke cosmological ọkà ihe ọmụma ndị dị ka ndị a - eluigwe na ala na-enweghị nsọtụ anya kpakpando - analogs terrestrial anyanwụ, eluigwe na ala bụ otu usoro na otu ákwà. The kasị ama echiche Bruno bụ ozizi nke heliocentric Ozizi, ọ bụ ezie na ọ na-atụ aro na osisi Copernicus.

Na cosmology, nakwa dị ka okpukpe, Italian ọkà mmụta sayensị dabeere ọ bụghị naanị na nkà mmụta sayensị na echiche. O chigharịkwuuru anwansi na emume naanị ndị anabatara. Ya mere, ụfọdụ n'ime ya adian jụrụ sayensị na-eme n'ọdịnihu. Ka ihe atụ, Bruno kweere na ihe niile okwu na-esere. Modern research refutes a echiche.

Ọzọkwa, iji gosi ya na tesis Bruno mgbe malitere arụmụka ndị ezi uche. Dị ka ihe atụ, ọ na-nnọọ na-ekpughe ya esemokwu ndị na-akwado ozizi nke ịnọrọ nke Earth (ie geocentrism). N'arụmụka ya thinker rụpụtara na akwụkwọ "Oriri na ntụ." Nkwado Okwukwe ịnọrọ Earth mgbe katọrọ Bruno na-eji ihe atụ nke a nkume ama esịn si a elu. Ọ bụrụ na mbara ala dabeere na anyanwụ na guzosighịkwa ka, na-ada ada ahụ ga-anwụ bụghị ogologo ala, na a ole na ole ọzọ.

Na aziza a, Bruno nyere ya okwu. Ọ gbachiteere ya ozizi site n'ụzọ nke atụ na ụgbọ mmiri ije. People jumping na osisi, ọdịda na otu ntụpọ. Ọ bụrụ na Earth ndị anyịnya, mgbe ahụ, a ụgbọ mmiri gara gaara-agaghị ekwe omume. Ya mere ha tụgharịa uche Bruno, na-akpụ akpụ planet adọkpụrụkwa ihe niile na nime ya. Nke a akwụkwọ ozi esemokwu ya na-emegide ke peeji nke otu n'ime ndị ya na akwụkwọ, akwụkwọ Italian thinker n'ezie nso ozizi relativity chepụtara Einstein na XX narị afọ.

Ụkpụrụ ọzọ dị mkpa kwupụtara Bruno, bụ echiche nke homogeneity nke okwu na ohere. Scientist dere na, na a ndabere, anyị nwere ike iche na ihe ọ bụla elu elu nke ahụ, eluigwe na ala ga-ele anya banyere otu. Ke adianade do, Italian ọkà ihe ọmụma cosmology ozugbo na-agụ na-arụ ọrụ nke izugbe iwu na akụkụ dị iche iche nke ẹdude ụwa.

Mmetụta nke cosmological Bruno ka ga-eme n'ọdịnihu sayensị

Research Bruno mgbe niile na-arahụ aka na ya ọtụtụ echiche na nkà mmụta okpukpe, ụkpụrụ ọma, metaphysics, aesthetics na na. D. N'ihi nke a, ndị Italian version nke cosmological ha juputa-metaphors, mgbe ụfọdụ, ihe kwere nghọta na na-ede akwụkwọ. Ya nile adiwo isiokwu nke nnyocha nke esemokwu, anaghị akwụsị taa.

Bruno mbụ chọrọ na eluigwe na ala enweghị nsọtụ, na e nwere enweghi ngwụcha nọmba nke ụwa. Nke a echiche megidere Aristotle arụzi. Italian mgbe tinye n'ihu echiche ha naanị na usoro iwu ụdị, dị ka na oge ya mere nwere oru n'aka ike iji gosi na guesses ọkà mmụta sayensị. Otú ọ dị, n'oge a na sayensị nwere ike jupụta a gaps. The ọdịda nnukwu ozizi nke eluigwe na ala na-enweghị nsọtụ ibu enen echiche nke Bruno mgbe a ole na ole narị afọ mgbe ọkụ n'elu osisi nke thinker.

Onye ọkà mmụta sayensị hapụrụ analysis akụkọ nke na-ada na ozu. Ya data aghọwo a mkpa maka ntoputa nke sayensị ụkpụrụ nke inertia, chọrọ site Galileo Galilei. Bruno, otu ụzọ ma ọ bụ ọzọ, na-emetụta ndị na nkà mmụta sayensị mgbanwe nke na Asaa na narị afọ. N'oge ndị ahụ, na-eme nnyocha na-eji ọrụ ya dị ka a na-akwado ihe maka nomination nke ha onwe ha chepụtara. Mkpa nke Dominican na-arụ ọrụ na-ama n'oge a mesiri German ọkà ihe ọmụma na otu onye nke founders nke ezi uche positivists Moritz Schlick.

The nnyocha nke ozizi nke Nsọ Atọ n'Ime Otu

E nwere doro anya na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Giordano Bruno bụ ihe atụ ọzọ nke a onye were onwe ya maka a Mesaya. Nke a na-ìhè site n'eziokwu ahụ bụ na ọ na-aga na-amalite ya okpukpe. Ke adianade do, okwukwe dị elu ozi ekweghị ka Italian jụ nkwenkwe ha n'oge ọtụtụ afọ nke na-ajụ ajụjụ. Mgbe ụfọdụ, na mkparịta ụka na inquisitors ọ bụ ọchịchọ imebi, kama na ikpeazụ oge ọzọ malitere na-esi ọnwụ.

Bruno nyere ihe ọzọ n'ala n'ihi ebubo heresy. O kwuru na ya na-ekwere ụgha malitere izi ozizi Atọ n'Ime Otu na otu nke ajụjụ ọnụ. The aja nke Njụta Okwukwe na-arụ ụka ọnọdụ ha na-enyemaka nke dị iche iche na isi mmalite. thinker ajuju ndia e chekwara na ya mbụ n'ụdị, otú taa ọ bụ ike ịtụle otú usoro sitere echiche Bruno. N'ihi ya, Italian kwuru na akwụkwọ nke St. Augustine kwuru na okwu Holy Trinity abịaghị na ozioma oge, na-ama na oge ya. Dabere na nke a, ndị na-ebo ebubo kweere dum malitere izi ozizi nke Ụgha na falsification.

A martyr nke sayensị ma ọ bụ okwukwe?

Ihe dị mkpa bụ na ikpe ọnwụ Bruno ebe akpoturu nke heliocentric usoro nke ụwa. The akwụkwọ na-ekwu na nwanne Giovan propagated jụrụ okwukwe okpukpe. Nke a megidere nkịtị amamihe, nke na-ekwu na Bruno tara ahụhụ n'ihi ya ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị kweere. N'ezie, chọọchị ahụ oké iwe nnyocha si a ọkà ihe ọmụma Christian nkwenkwe. Ya echiche nke ọnọdụ nke Sun na Earth megide a ndabere na ghọrọ ụmụaka prank.

N'ụzọ dị mwute, akwụkwọ bụghị banyere kpọmkwem banyere ihe ndị jụrụ okwukwe adian Bruno. Nke a kwere ka akụkọ ihe mere eme na iche na zuru ezu karị, isi mmalite e efu ma ọ bụ na-ama ụma emebi. Taa, na-agụ nwere ike ikpe ikpe na ọdịdị nke ebubo ahụ bụbu onye mọnk nanị sekọndrị ala (oké iwe nke Mocenigo, ajụjụ ọnụ ogbugba ndu, na na. D.).

Karịsịa na-akpali usoro isiokwu a bụ ihe Caspar Schoppe. Ọ bụ a Jesuit, bụ ndị bịara mara ọkwa nke jụrụ okwukwe ikpe. N'akwụkwọ ozi o degaara o kwuru isi na-ekwu nke ikpe na-Bruno. E wezụga ndị na-ama kwuru n'elu nwere ike ịbụ echiche na Mozis bụ onye dibịa afa, na na ndị Juu na-sitere Adam na Iv. The ike nke agbụrụ ụmụ mmadụ, gwara ndị ọkà ihe ọmụma, bịara ekele abụọ ọzọ ndị mmadụ Chineke kere otu ụbọchị a di na nwunye si Ogige Ubi nke Iden. Bruno na-arụ ọrụ anwansi otuto, na-ewere na ọ bara uru. Na okwu ndị a na ọ ugboro ọzọ hụrụ igbaso echiche nke oge ochie Hermetic.

Ọ bụ ihe atụ na-ama oge a Roman Catholic Church jụrụ tụleghachi ikpe Dzhordano Bruno. N'ihi na ihe karịrị afọ 400 mgbe ọnwụ nke a thinker pontiffs na ke izute ya, ọ bụ ezie na otu e mere maka ọtụtụ jụrụ okwukwe nke gara aga.