Clostridium Nsí. botulinus

Na ụwa e nwere ọtụtụ dị iche iche nje na-efe efe. Ha si dị iche na onye ọ bụla ọzọ ọrịa usoro nke ọrịa na ndị ọzọ na nuances. Ke ibuotikọ emi m chọrọ ikwu okwu na-nkọwa banyere clostridium Nsí - na causative gị n'ụlọnga nke ọrịa dị otú ahụ dị ka botulism.

About ọrịa

Ná mmalite, i nwere ikwu okwu ole na ole banyere ọrịa na-eme ka nje bacteria. Ya mere, botulism - a siri ike nsị na nri. Ọ bụ nnukwu, mgbe mgbe, na n'otu oge ahụ na-emetụta ndị Central ụjọ usoro, nwere ike ime ka mkpọnwụ. Ọ nwere a Nsị-onu uzo nke nnyefe.

Nti ga-malite aha. Site Latin sụgharịta ka botulism soseji (botulus). Na ihe niile n'ihi na mbụ data pathogenic bacteria a hụrụ na nri a ngwaahịa (dị ka nke ọma dị ka ozu ndị nwụrụ anwụ ndị mbụ riri mmeru soseji). Ọtụtụ mgbe a na ọrịa na-ekewet na oriri nke nnu na-akwụ anwụrụ ọkụ azụ na ham.

A obere akụkọ ihe mere eme

N'ihi na oge mbụ clostridium Nsí - na causative gị n'ụlọnga nke botulism - kọwara azụ na 1896 a ọkà mmụta sayensị E. van Ermengemom. Ọ mere n'oge ike nke akasiaha. Dị ka ekwuola, a nje a na-dịpụrụ adịpụ n'ihi ham, nakwa site na ozu nke ndị na-eri ya na mbụ. A obere ka e mesịrị, ọ hụrụ na ndị microorganism mejupụtara asatọ serovars nke dị iche na antigenic Ọdịdị nsị (na ha mejupụtara ha onwe ha). Oke mkpa bụ toxins, kwuru na dị ka A, B na E. Otú ọ dị, ọ ga-kwuru na niile nsị nwere ike neutralized naanị site homologous ọbara.

anya

Ọ anya dị ka clostridium Nsí? N'ihi ya, na nje bacteria bụ a pụtara nnukwu mkpanaka ọgwụgwụ na-ubé mechie. Ịgụta ya size - 4-9x0.6-1.0 microns. Ofụri idem ya nwere banyere 35 flagella peritrichous odude. Nwere ike na-etolite spores. Stick utọk bụ a bit dị ka a tenis raketị.

nweta ọnọdụ

Olee ọnọdụ dị mma maka clostridium Nsí? Ya mere, ndị kacha okpomọkụ nke ha ibu - banyere 35 Celsius C. Otú ọ dị, bacteria nwere ike ba uba na okpomọkụ nso nke si 10 55 Celsius C. Ọ na-kacha mma akọ microorganism:

1. N'etiti Kitty Tarotstsi. Nke a akpan akpan anụ-peptone efere gbakwunyere na imeju soseji anụ na glucose.
2. Na anụ na azụ extracts.
3. Ebe a elu ịta nke anụmanụ protein.

Nje nwere ike ba uba nwekwara dị iche iche gburugburu. Ya mere, ndị kasị adaba - glucose na ọbara agar (na nke a, ndị bacteria yiri iberibe lentil ma ọ bụ ajị anụ). Otú ọ dị, ha nwere ike proliferate na mmiri mmiri na-ajụ. N'ọnọdụ dị otú ahụ, na homogeneous sludge a kpụrụ, na mgbe a kpọmkwem oge tụlee ịkpali na ala nke tube.

mgbasa

Ebe bụ ndị nkịtị na nje bacteria clostridium Nsí? N'ihi ya, 'sụrụ ngọngọ' on ha nwere ike ịbụ ihe fọrọ nke nta n'ebe ọ bụla. Ọtụtụ mgbe, ndị na-esonụ ebe na-ahọrọ maka ebe obibi clostridia:

1. The eriri afọ nke azụ, ụmụ anụmanụ na ọbụna akịrịkọ.
2. The ala (microorganisms ka ọnụ na faeces).
3. Food. Karịsịa dị ize ndụ na nke a n'ihi na onye bụ akwụkwọ nri, mushrooms, anụ na iyak efere.

Na ala na-adị ndụ mma arụmụka karịa vegetative forms of bacteria. The spores nwere ike ndụ ruo ogologo oge desiccation, oyi na -250 ° C, esi si onye awa isii. Na ọbụna phenol ngwọta (5%) bacteria spores pụrụ ịnọgide na-viable na ụbọchị 1. Mgbe esi bibie nsí maka banyere 10 nkeji.

kwụsie ike

Dị nnọọ otú inogide bụ botulism? Microbiology-atụ aro na microorganism onwe ya na-akpa àgwà dị iche iche, na-na dị iche iche na-ekwu.

1. Spore ụdị. Na nke a, clostridia dị nnọọ na-eguzogide ọgwụ dị iche iche iche iche nke mpụga mgbanwe. Na okpomọkụ nke 6 ° C na-ebi maka banyere otu ọnwa, na reflux nke 100 ° C na gburu n'ime otu hour na okpomọkụ nke 120 ° C - maka otu ọkara awa. The spores na-eguzogide ọgwụ kefriza, kpughere ibé, ihicha. Ma disinfectants, mgbe ahụ, formalin (20%) ngwọta nwere ike igbu bacteria maka ụbọchị abụọ, ethyl mmanya - ọnwa abua, na hydrochloric acid ngwọta (10%) - otu hour.
2. The vegetative ụdị. Na steeti a, Clostridia dị nnọọ ngwangwa. Na okpomọkụ nke 80 ° C nwere ike gburu n'ime otu hour.
3. Ma ihe ndị nsí, ọ na-akpa àgwà ndị ahụ dị ka vegetative ụdị. Na 100 ° C maka 10 nkeji, ndị nsí nwere ike neutralized. Anụ na ihe acidic gburugburu ebe obibi, ma a pụrụ neutralized na alkaline. Na eriri afọ tract nke nsí budata ebelata ya ọrụ. Otú ọ dị, na wezụga nke ụdị E botulism, nke, na Kama nke ahụ, ọ bụ na ndị mmadụ eriri afọ tract na 10 000 ugboro ọzọ n'ọrụ.

N'ebe o kwere mee botulism mgbasa? Microbiology, na nkà mmụta ọgwụ na-ekwu na ọtụtụ ndị ọrịa na-hụrụ na ndị mba ebe ndị na-eji na-eri anụ ma ọ bụ mkpọ azu. Seasonality na nke a na-adịghị mkpa. Ọ bụkwa mkpa afọ, okike, agba nke ụmụ mmadụ na anụ. Onye ọ bụla nwere ike na-ebute ọrịa.

pathogenesis

Botulism - a siri ike nsị na nri, nke nwere ike ime mgbe oriri nke mmeru clostridia ma ọ bụ ha nsí nri (na nsí a tọhapụrụ na ikpe ebe microorganism abatakwa anaerobic gburugburu ebe obibi na-amalite ya-arụsi ọrụ mmeputakwa). Ndị kasị dị mkpa echiche na ikpe nke ọrịa ndị dị ka botulism, ọ bụ a neurotoxin. Ọ dị mkpa ka na-ekwu na ọ bụ ike kacha ike niile ẹdude ndu nsị. Dị ka ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị, ọ bụ 375 ugboro ọzọ na-egbu egbu na ndị ọzọ elò nke a agwo oyo. Ọ bụrụ na ị na-nsi ya dị ọcha ụdị naanị ke 1 mg ga-ebu ruo 100 nde kpara doses ọcha laabu ụmụ oke. Dị ka ndị mmadụ, mgbe ọnwụ nwere ike ime mgbe ingestion naanị 0,001 mg neurotoxin.

About neurotoxin

Ka ugbua kwuru n'elu, na nje bacteria clostridium Nsí secrete dị ike ma dị ize ndụ neurotoxin na virus a iyi egwu bụghị nanị na-ahụ ike ma maka ndụ. Ọ ga na-ekwu na nke a nsí bụ thermostable. The eriri afọ na-flagged dị ka prototoksina na ize ndụ microorganism gbanwee mgbe nhazi obere eriri afọ enzymes. Iji otu mmetụta digestive enzymes mụ. Iche: ngwa ngwa etinye obi gị dum n'ime ọbara, ịbụ ama ke uppermost akụkụ nke eriri afọ tract. Na ọbara na-agbasa ebe ahu, na-na neuromuscular synapses.

nsí edinam ogbo

Ị ga-agwa gị na Nsí botulinum nwere atọ nkebi nke ihe:

1. Reversible nzọụkwụ (na ihe banyere antitoxic ọbara). Neurotoxin ejikọ na a kpọmkwem ihe nnabata.
2. Akpụ akpụ nsí na okenye òkè nke cell neuromuscular nkwụsị. N'ihi na nke a nzọụkwụ, okpomọkụ dị mkpa. The otu ogbo bụ trudnoobratimoy.
3. Lytic adọ. Na nke a, na-ejide nkanka nsí n'ime muscle akwara nsí. Ebe a na e nwere ndị isi mgbaàmà nke botulism.

ụdị botulism

Na ọgwụ omume gosiri ọdịiche anọ isi ụdị nke botulism:

1. Food, ma ọ bụ kpochapụwo. Ofufe Ọrịa emee site na-ewe nri nke nwere a nsí.
2. Ọnya. Nke a na ụdị ọrịa a na-ejikọta ya na mmadụ amalite ịchị nke ọnya n'elu.
3. Ụmụ botulism. Nke a enweghị nchịkwa bacteria oria nke nwa ọhụrụ na eriri afọ.
4. Of na-ejighị n'aka nhazi ọkwa. Na nke a, ndị dọkịta nwere ike ikwu n'ezie na ọ bụ ihe mere ọrịa na mmadụ botulism.

About ọrịa

Nakwa na e nwere a ụmụ mmadụ ọrịa botulism? Olee otú bụ ọrịa? Mbụ niile, ọ ga-ahụ kwuru na ọ gaghị ekwe omume na-ebute ọrịa na clostridia si nwoke. Otú ọ dị, microorganism abatakwa ahụ mmadụ site na nri na-metọọ nje ala ma ọ bụ faeces. Ọzọkwa, maka ntoputa nke ọrịa, bacteria na-pụrụ iche na ọnọdụ na-mkpa. N'ihi ya, ọ bụrụ na anakọtara tupu ewere nri nhazi, a microorganism spore ntabi amama n'ime a ụdị nke bụ ukwuu eguzogide ọgwụ dị elu okpomọkụ. Mgbe nri spores amalite ime na a vegetative ala, na mgbe e nwere ihe oke clostridia kpara nsí. Ọ bụ uru na-arịba ama na microorganism bụ egwu nke ihe na-emeghe oxygen. Ugboro ugboro kpo oku nke nri nwekwara adịghị ike igbu pathogenic nje bacteria (mkpa maka mbibi ya okpomọkụ nke banyere 750 ° C). Next mmeru nri abatakwa ahụ mmadụ, na ọrịa na-egosipụta onwe ezi ọsọ ọsọ.

incubation oge

Nsí botulinum mgbe abanye ahụ amalite na-arụ ọrụ ozugbo. Nke a pụtara na mbụ 8-22 awa mgbe oriri nke mmeru nri. Otú ọ dị, ná nkezi, oge -10-12 awa.

The adakarị picture nke ọrịa

Gịnị na-eme ka ahụ mmadụ mgbe ọrịa site a na nje bacteria? Ya mere, na mmalite nke mgbaàmà yiri gastroenteritis (mbufụt nke mucous membranes nke obere eriri afọ na afo). Isi mgbaàmà na-eme ka nje botulism:

1. Abdominal mgbu, ọkacha mma na otube. Ihe mgbu ga-amụba, na-agbasa.
2. The okpomọkụ na-emekarị anaghị ebili.
3. The oche ruo 20 ugboro kwa ụbọchị. Nwere ike ịbụ mmiri, oké mmiri, n'ụdị osikapa efere.
4. The n'ozuzu adịghị ike nke ahu.
5. Vomiting.

Vomiting na Ugboro stools pụrụ iduga ngụkọta akpịrị ịkpọ nkụ. N'ọnọdụ dị otú ahụ, nwere ike iyi ụfụ, e nwere mmetụta nke wrinkles na ihu na ndị ọzọ na anụ. Ọtụtụ mgbe, ihe mgbaàmà na-apụ n'anya mgbe a di na nwunye nke ụbọchị. A onye na-eche na wara nkịtị nsia flu. Ma ọ na-eme na ọ bụghị ihe niile dị mma nke ukwuu ma na ngwa ngwa risịrị. Mgbe ụfọdụ, mmadụ nwere ike nwere a na oche na vomiting na ọbara, n'otu oge pụrụ ịbụ nnọọ oké mgbu. All nwere ike ịkwụsị ọbụna ọnwụ n'ihi omume nke nsia necrosis.

outbreaks

Ebe ị pụrụ mgbe mgbe enwetaghị a ọrịa, dị ka botulism? Photo foci a multiplicity nke ọrịa, ma ọtụtụ mgbe ọ na-nri iche, karịsịa ma ọ bụrụ na a onye na-erepịakwa anụmanụ na-edozi.

mgbochi

Gịnị-elezi anya na-echebe ndị mmadụ si ọrịa na a na nje bacteria?

1. Nwere ike igbu botulism esi. Ya mere, tupu ewere ihe ọ bụla nri mkpọ, ọ kacha mma ka obụpde maka banyere 15 nkeji. Nke a ga-enyere ndị nsí daa. Ị nwekwara ike na-erepịaghị mkpọ nri, mkpuchi nke nke bụ aza.
2. Na nje bacteria na-eme ka botulism, nwụrụ mgbe ala okpomọkụ. Ma ọ dị, anụ na azụ oriri tupu nri kasị mma ifriizi. Chekwaa ha ka mma na okpomọkụ n'okpuru + 10 Celsius C.
3. Karịsịa ga-emeso nlezianya mushrooms. Ya mere, olee kpọmkwem ha nwere ike ịbụ ahụ nke mmeru ala clostridia.
4. Ndị mmadụ na-rikwara otu nri dị ka ndị ọrịa na-botulism, kwesịrị n'okpuru nlekọta nke dọkịta. Ọzọkwa, ha kwesịrị ka a mgbochi ụfọdụ ịbanye mmiri protivobotulinicheskuyu ọbara na chelators.

ele ihe anya

The otu nwere ike kwụsị ọrịa a, dị ka botulism? Photos of mbụ ọrịa bụ ndị dị iche iche. Nke a bụ otú tufuo nke ọrịa ndị mmadụ na ozu. The ikpeazụ dịruru ná njọ bụ nanị kwe omume ma ọ bụrụ na ọrịa anaghị enye adọ kwesịrị ekwesị na-elekọta. Enweghị ọgwụgwọ, botulism ewe a ndụ mmadụ na 30-60% nke ikpe.