CNS Ọdịdị. akwara eriri

Akwara eriri outgrowth bụ a neuron, glial n'ọbọ na-ntekwasa. Gịnị mere na ọ dị mkpa? Gịnị na-eme? Gịnị bụ ihe owuwu? Nke a ị ga-amụta site na isiokwu.

nhazi ọkwa

The emep uta eri nke ụjọ usoro nwere a dị iche iche Ọdịdị. Dị na ya Ọdịdị, ha nwere ike ịbụ otu nke abụọ na ụdị. N'ihi ya, dịpụrụ adịpụ unmyelinated na myelinated emep uta eri. The mbụ mejupụtara a usoro cell, nke dị na center nke ihe owuwu. Ọ na-akpọ ihe axon (axons). Usoro a na-gbara ya gburugburu a myelin n'ọbọ. Nyere ọdịdị nke ọtọ ibu osisi ike, e guzobere akwara ozi nke a nyere ụdị. Ọdịdị nke ahụ owuwu na-adabere na ngalaba na nke ha na-emi odude. Ka ihe atụ, na somatic nkewa nke ụjọ usoro myelin akwara ozi na-emi odude, na a vegetative - unmyelinated. Ọ ga-kwuru na e guzobere a na akụkụ ndị ọzọ na-esonụ a yiri ụkpụrụ.

Dị ka e nwere bụ a mkpa akwara eriri?

Tụlee usoro na ihe zuru ezu. Na ogbo nke e guzobere owuwu ndị dị otú ahụ dị ka unmyelinated axon delves n'ime Strand esịnede lemmotsitov onye tsitolemmy amalite sag na-ekpuchi usoro na ụkpụrụ nke njikọ. Edge na a nso elu nke axon, na kpụrụ duplikatury cell akpụkpọ ahụ, nke a na-akpọ "mezakson". Lemmotsity, emi odude ọzọ ụzọ, a kpụrụ na-enyemaka nke ha tsitolemmy mfe kọntaktị. Unmyelinated emep uta eri n'ihi na ndị ogbenye mkpuchi ike nke na-agafe a akwara na-akwadoghị akwado na mezaksona ebe na na mpaghara nke kọntaktị n'etiti lemmotsitami. Dị ka a N'ihi ya, ọ na-aga site na otu eriri ọzọ.

Formation nke oké owuwu

Akwara eriri myelin n'ụzọ thicker unmyelinated ụdị. Dị ka usoro nke na-akpụ shells ndị yiri. Otú ọ dị, ngwa ngwa na uto nke akwara ozi na somatic ngalaba, nke a na-ejikọta ya na mmepe nke ahụ niile, na-akwalite ndinyanade mbịne mezaksonov. Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị lemmotsity Kechie gburugburu axons ọtụtụ ugboro. Dị ka a N'ihi ya, ndị concentric n'ígwé ii ụdị, na isi na-akpali pụọ cytoplasm ikpeazụ eriri igwe, nke bụ ná mpụta n'ọbọ nke eriri (neurilemma). The n'ime oyi akwa mejupụtara mezaksona, entwined ugboro ugboro a na-akpọ myelin. N'ime oge ahụ, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ibe na akụkụ mezaksona nwayọọ nwayọọ na-amụba. Nke a bụ n'ihi Itie nke usoro nke myelination n'oge axonal ibu na lemmotsitov. Onye ọ bụla ụdi uzo nke gara aga wider. The kasị ọtụtụ ihe bụ onye e dere ihe cytoplasm na ntọala lemmotsita. Ọzọkwa, dị iche iche myelin ọkpụrụkpụ na n'elu dum ogologo nke eriri. N'ebe ndị ebe lemmotsity na kọntaktị na onye ọ bụla ọzọ, na stratification kpamkpam. Kọntaktị tinye naanị ná mpụta n'ígwé, nke na-agụnye ndị cytoplasm na ntọala. Ndị dị otú ahụ na saịtị na-guzobere ruru ha enweghị myelin thinning eriri na usu aha interceptions.

The uto nke owuwu na Central ụjọ usoro

Myelination pụtara na usoro dị ka a n'ihi nke usoro nke oligodendrocytes Kechie axons. Myelin bụ a lipid ndabere na na imekọ ihe ọnụ oxides ego n'anya ọchịchịrị. Ndị fọdụrụ mmiri nke akpụkpọ ahụ na ya interstices ịnọgide ìhè. A ibe na-akpọ notches aa myelin. Ha ederịta akwụkwọ ozi ahụ obere strata na cytoplasm lemmotsita. A axon na cytoplasm na mitochondria neurofibrils mere ndokwa longitudinally. Ha kasị ukwuu ọtụtụ - nso intercept na na ọgwụgwụ ngwaọrụ emep uta eri. Tsitolemmy axon (axolemma) akwalite akwara na-akwadoghị akwado. Ọ na-egosipụta ya ife nke depolarization. N'ihe ebe dị ka ihe axial cylinder neurite ọkọnọ, o nwere basophilic nsogbu dị iche iche umi.

Ọdịdị

Myelinated akwara ozi iso nke:

1. Axon, bụ nke dị na center.
2. Myelin n'ọbọ. Ọ na-kpuchie na cylinder axis.
3. Schwann shei.

The ugbu mejupụtara axial cylinder neurofibrils. The myelin n'ọbọ -emi esịnede a plurality nke lipoid bekee akpụ myelin. Njikọ a nwere oké uru na Central ụjọ usoro. Karịsịa, ọ na-ekpebi ọsọ na nke ndi conduction nke excitation na akwara ozi. Shei kpụrụ compound axon closes nke mere na gaps ii, nke na-akpọ ọnụ nke Ranvier. N'ógbè ha nke na kọntaktị na cylinder axis nke Schwann n'ọbọ. eriri nke - ya ọdịiche, nke bụ n'etiti abụọ ọnụ nke Ranvier. Ọ nwere ike na-atụle isi nke Schwann n'ọbọ. Ọ na-emi odude dị n'etiti nke. Ọ gbara ndị protoplasm nke Schwann mkpụrụ ndụ na ọdịnaya nke myelin na loops. Na n'etiti ọnụ nke Ranvier myelin n'ọbọ bụghị homogeneous. O nwere oblique notches Schmidt-Lanterman. Schwann cell akpụkpọ ahụ ịmalite na si ektodamụ. N'okpuru ebe ha bụ ihe axon emep uta eri nke elu ụjọ usoro, adịru oge ha nwere ike na-akpọ ya glial mkpụrụ ndụ. Akwara ozi Central usoro enweghị Schwann shei. Kama nke ahụ, e nwere ndị ọcha nke oligodendroglial. Unmyelinated eriri nwere naanị axons na Schwann n'ọbọ ya mejupụtara.

ọrụ

The isi ọrụ rụrụ site akwara eriri - innervation. Usoro a bụ nke abụọ na ụdị: usu na bezimpulsnym. Ke akpa idaha, nyefe bụ n'ihi electrolyte na ọgụgụ akwara mbufe ozi usoro. The innervation ekere òkè bụ isi myelin, otú ahụ na-agba nke usoro bụ budata elu ke myelinated emep uta eri karịa unmyelinated. Usoro bezimpulsnogo ụdị emee axoplasm ugbu a-eru na pụrụ iche axonal microtubules, nke nkejikotara trofogeny (bekee nwere trophic mmetụta).