Coulomb iwu

Mgbe mgbasaozi electric uncharged electroscope ebughi ụgwọ, ọ ga-hụrụ na epupụta electroscope ga diverge na a nta ma ọ bụ ibu n'akuku.

Prikosnomsya iji kpaliri electroscope ruo na mkpanaka na-ebu n'isi na n'akuku nke epupụta ga diverge. Iji nye ndiiche doo electroscope na a ibu n'akuku, ọ dị mkpa iji nye ya iwu si a ibu uzo nke ebubo wand. Ọzọ, epupụta na-ezukọta, na aka nke a n'aka na mkpanaka nke ndị electroscope.

N'ihi ya, anyị na-ahụ na ike nke na-electric ụgwọ na ozu bụ ihe ma ọ bụ na-erughị. Ya mere, otu onye nwere ike na-ekwu okwu ndị dị otú a ihe dị ka ịdị ukwuu nke na-anaghị ego, n'ihi ya, na ya na akụkụ.

Nke a na-ekwe omume ekele oghere na njedebe nke XVIII narị afọ. iwu nke mmekọrịta nke electric ebubo. Nke a iwu meghere French physics Coulomb.

Coulomb iwu chọpụtara empirically: ọkà mmụta sayensị na-eduzi nwere na a torsion itule, nke jikoro ike na nke kpaliri ihe emekọ.

Torsion itule iso nke fechaa, na-abụghị conductive, ọ dịghị eletriki ebubo rocker kwụsịtụrụ na nnọọ mkpa metal waya ke otu iko ite nke cylindrical udi. N'otu njedebe nke mkpanaka mesikwuru plated bead nke okwuchi, a na ndị ọzọ - a counterweight. Ya elu ọgwụgwụ nke waya bụ mmasị na center isi nyere na pointer na rotary ọnụ ọgụgụ na-enwe a nkewa, nke na-eje ozi iji chọpụta size nke n'akuku nke nje ọgụ nke waya bụ ofu.

akpa cover nwere oghere site na nke na-insulator na-etinyere ọzọ, otu bọl b, nke bụ hà size of a bọlbụ. The size nke angular anya n'etiti gold bọọlụ na a b na-gbakọọ site nkewa, nke bụ na a cylindrical arịa. Iji mee nke a, ka ndị isi nke itule na ụfọdụ n'akuku, i nwere ike ịgbanwe n'ebe dị anya.

Mgbe abụọ na obi ụtọ ga-ebubo, na ka mgbe ọ bụla anya, pendant nwere ike ikpebi na-ike na nke bọọlụ na-arụkọ ọrụ, site atụ n'akuku nke ighikota yarns.

Ọ bụrụ na ngwaọrụ bụ tupu calibrate, mgbe ahụ ji atụ n'akuku nke adiana nke isi, i nwere ike ịhụ otú ike emekọ kpaliri bọọlụ.

Dị ka ihe dị n'etiti bọọlụ pendant chọpụtara na na mgbe nile ebubo ike na nke ha na-emekọ, ga-inversely proportional ka ugboro abụọ na anya n'etiti ha emmepe.

Na-agwa okwu na-amata ọtụtụ ụkpụrụ nke ebubo chaplet bụ dị ka ndị a: ọ bụrụ na bọl b ụgwọ na site na iwepu si ngwa, abịa na kọntaktị na ọzọ bọl, na kpọmkwem ọkara nke ihe-ndebe ga-agabiga n'ime ọzọ bọl si bọl b. Ọ si otú ahụ ga-ana ọkara. Ịtụkwasị bọl b azụ n'ime ngwaọrụ, pendant chọpụtara na na hà anya n'etiti bọọlụ na ha na mmekọrịta ike ebelata ugboro abụọ - ra nrata Mbelata na-elekọta ego.

N'otu aka ahụ, na-akpụ akpụ na obi ụtọ isi na-gbanwere a.

N'ihi ahụmahụ ndị a meghere iwu, nke ekemende bịara mara dị ka Coulomb iwu, na definition nke ya dị ka ndị a: ike nke na mmekọrịta nke abụọ mgbe ebubo bụ ihe ra nrata nye ha size, inversely proportional na square nke anya n'etiti ebubo na gwara tinyere akara na-ejikọ ndị a ebubo.

Coulomb iwu Amonton kwupụtara nke usoro:

F = k (q1q2 / r²),

ebe q1 na q2 - uru nke uche ebubo na-emekọ, r - anya n'etiti ebubo, na k bụ a proportionality ihe na-adabere na ihe quantities unit ga-aba usoro.

Mgbe a na isi oku dị otú ahụ ebubo nke bụ na ozu nke nha na shapes na-zuru ezu obere tụnyere anya na nke na-enyocha ha na mmekọrịta.

Studies gosiri na ịdị ukwuu nke ike F na-enwe mmetụta na gburugburu ebe obibi, na usoro na-egosipụta Coulomb iwu na-emetụta nanị na o mere mgbe ndị na mmekọrịta nke ebubo ozu na a agụụ.

N'ihi na Coulomb iwu e debere unit nke electric agbapụta n'ahụ. N'ihi ya, n'okpuru ya a pụtara ihe-ndebe nke na-eme vacuo na yiri ụgwọ nke dị na a anya nke otu sentimita, na a ike nke onye dyne. Nke a bụ kpam kpam electrostatic unit ego.