Daily okpomọkụ Jupiter

Jupiter - onye nke ise mbara ala nke usoro mbara igwe, nke nwere ike hụrụ na mbara igwe n'abalị enweghị ihe ọ bụla gbasara anya ngwá. Ka na-enweghị echiche nke ya size, oge ochie enyocha mbara igwe e kenyere ya aha nke onye kasị elu Roman chi.

Zute Jupiter!

The orbit nke Jupiter si Sun na 778 nde km. A afọ n'ebe dịruru 11,86 Earth afọ. Complete adiana gburugburu ya axis anamde planet naanị 9 awa na 55 nkeji, na dị iche iche latitudes adiana ọsọ dịgasị, na ọ fọrọ nke nta perpendicular na orbit ụgbọelu nke axis, adịru n'oge a kara aka mgbanwe aputagh.

Jupiter n'elu okpomọkụ - 133 degrees centigrade (140 K). Okirikiri ukwuu karịa 11, na uka 317 ugboro ukwuu karịa okirikiri na uka nke mbara ala. Njupụta (1.3 g / cm ³⁾ commensurate na anyanwụ na njupụta bụ budata obere karịa nke njupụta nke ụwa. Gravity Jupiter 2,54 ugboro, mgbe ndọta bụ 12 ugboro karịa otu afọ nke ụwa. N'ehihie okpomọkụ na Jupiter ọ dị iche iche site na abalị. Nke a bụ n'ihi na nnukwu anya si Sun na ike usoro na-ewere ọnọdụ na ngiri-afọ-nke mbara ala.

The oge nke ngwa anya ọmụmụ nke ise planet chọpụtara na 1610 site na Galileo. Ọ bụ ya na-chọpụtara kacha oke na anọ Satellites nke Jupiter. Taa, anyị maara nke 67 na mbara igwe, òtù nke mbara ibu usoro.

History research

Ruo mgbe 1970, planet mụọ site n'ala, na mgbe ahụ orbital akụ na ngwa anya na redio - na gamma àmà. Eyeneka okpomọkụ mbụ tụrụ na 1923 otu ìgwè ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị si Louelovskoy Observatory (Flagstaff, United States). Iji a agụụ thermocouple, na-eme nnyocha achọpụtala na planet bụ "maa a oyi n'ahụ." Photoelectric kwuru ekpuchi Jupiter, kpakpando na spectroscopic analysis mere ka ọgwụgwụ banyere mejupụtara ya ikuku.

Ụdi flights interplanetary ugboelu nụchara anụcha na ukwuu gbasaa akwakọba ọmụma. Unmanned ọzọ "Ọsụ Ụzọ 10; 11" na 1973-1974. mbụ planet bufee oyiyi na nso nso (34 puku km.), data banyere owuwu nke ikuku, na a magnetik radieshon belt. Ugbo ala "Voyager" (1979), "Ulysses" (1992, 2000). "Cassini" (2000) na "New horizons" (2007) mere mma nha nke Eyeneka kwa na ya usoro mbara, na "Galileo" (1995-2003 gg.) na "Juno" (2016) sonyeere n'ohu ibu wuru Satellites.

esịtidem Ọdịdị

mbara isi nke banyere 20 puku. km n'obosara, esịnede a obere ego nke oké nkume na metal hydrogen na-pressurized ka 30-100 nde atmospheres. Jupiter okpomọkụ na nke a nkebi bụ banyere 30000? C. Kernel Arọ - si 3 15% nke ngụkọta uka nke mbara ala. Okpomọkụ ọgbọ isi nke Jupiter a kọwara site usoro Kelvin - Helmholtz. Ihe kachasi mkpa nke onu idu ke eziokwu na mberede jụrụ nke elu shei (elu okpomọkụ bụ -140˚S Jupiter) mgbali dobe etịbe, na-eme mkpakọ nke ahụ ahụ na ụdi kpo oku nke isi.

A n'ihu oyi akwa omimi nke 30 na 50 puku. Km, bụ a umi nke a metal na mmiri mmiri hydrogen si adịghị ọcha helium. Na mwepụ nke isi mgbali na mpaghara ebe a na-ebelata ka 2 nde atmospheres, Jupiter okpomọkụ dara 6000? C.

Structure ikuku. N'ígwé na mejupụtara

A doro anya ókè-ala n'etiti elu nke mbara ala na ikuku adịghị adị. N'oge ya ala oyi akwa - troposphere - ọkà mmụta sayensị na nakweere ot region nke mgbali kwekọrọ na ụwa. Ọzọkwa n'ígwé, na anya si "n'elu", na-dị na ndị na-esonụ iji:

• The stratosphere (ruo 320 km).
• The thermosphere (ruo 1000 km).
• Exosphere.

On ajụjụ nke ihe okpomọkụ na Jupiter, na unequivocal azịza adịghị adị. Na ihe ikuku nke eru jupụtara n'ọgba aghara convection Filiks mere site esịtidem okpomọkụ nke ụwa. Kwuru, diski nwere a akpọ nkeewa akara Ọdịdị. The ọcha ìgwè (zones) ikuku pụta ebili elu na ọchịchịrị (eriri) - ada ala, akpụ convective loops. Na elu n'ígwé Thermosphere okpomọkụ esịmde 1000? C, na ọganihu na ịdị omimi ma na-amụba mgbali nwayọọ nwayọọ dara ọjọọ ụkpụrụ. Na ihe nweta nke troposphere Jupiter okpomọkụ amalite ebili ọzọ.

The elu n'ígwé nke ikuku bụ ngwakọta nke hydrogen (90%) na helium. The mejupụtara nke ala, ebe isi ígwé ojii guzobere na-agụnye methane, amonia, ammonium sulfate na mmiri. Spektral analysis na-egosi na ọnụnọ nke metụtara nke ethane, propane ma acetylene, hydrogen cyanide na carbon monoxide, sọlfọ ogige ma site.

ígwé ojii tiers

A dịgasị iche iche nke agba Jovian ígwé ojii na-egosi na ọnụnọ ha mejupụtara nke mgbagwoju chemical ogige. Ígwé ojii Ọdịdị nwere ike mfe hụrụ atọ tiers:

• Upper - jupụta kristal oledenevshego amonia.
• The nkezi ịta nke ammonium hydrosulfide ukwuu ụba.
• Na na ala - mmiri ice na ma eleghị anya ndị kasị nta na mmiri ụmụ irighiri mmiri.

Ụfọdụ ikuku nlereanya mepụtara ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na-eme nnyocha na-adịghị ewepu ọnụnọ nke ọzọ EBIONITISM ígwé ojii ekewet nke mmiri mmiri amonia. Ultraviolet radieshon anyanwụ na Jupiter dị ike ike ike na-butere site na eruba n'ime ọtụtụ chemical na n'ụzọ anụ ahụ Filiks ke ikuku nke ụwa.

ikuku phenomena

Ókè-ala zones na zones na Jupiter na-ji oké ifufe (ruo 200 m / sec). Site ụwa ka okporo osisi oge nwetụ eruba ntụziaka. The ifufe ọsọ mbelata na-amụba ohere na osisi bụ fọrọ anọghị. The ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ikuku phenomena na mbara ala (oké ifufe, àmụmà, Aurora) iwu nke ịdị ukwuu elu karịa ụwa. Mara Great Red Abù bụ ihe ọ bụla ọzọ dị ka a ibu oké mmiri ozuzo, di nke nke abụọ diski terrestrial ebe. Nkwafu na-adapụ nwayọọ nwayọọ site n'otu akụkụ gaa n'akụkụ. N'ime otu narị afọ nke kwuru nke ya o size halved.

Ọzọ ozi nke "Voyager" e guzobere, na emmepe nke vortex formations ikuku jupụtara mgbukepụ nke àmụmà, linear akụkụ ukwuu karịa otu puku kilomita.

Mmadụ ọ na-na Jupiter?

The ajụjụ ọtụtụ ndị ga-eme ka mgbagwoju anya. Jupiter - na mbara ala, na n'elu okpomọkụ nke nke (nakwa dị ka ịdị adị nke n'elu) bụ ambiguous - yighị ka "N'ịbụ nke uche." Ma ịdị adị nke ndu ntule na ikuku nke a ibu na 70 ies nke ikpeazụ nke narị afọ, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na-erila. The eziokwu na na elu nsogbu na okpomọkụ dị nnọọ mma maka anya na chemical Jeremaya mere metụtara amonia ma ọ bụ hydrocarbons. Enyocha mbara igwe Carl Sagan na astrophysicist E. Salpeter (USA), eduzi ndị na-anụ ahụ na chemical iwu, mere a obi ike mwere nke iche nke ndụ, ịdị adị nke a na-adịghị ekwe na ndị a ọnọdụ:

• Sinker - microorganisms na ike ba uba ngwa ngwa na nnukwu quantities, ikwe ndị bi na-adị ndụ na a na-agbanwe agbanwe na gburugburu ebe obibi nke convective eruba.
• Floaters - ibu nnụnụ dị ka balloons. Atọhapụ arọ helium, kpafuo na elu n'ígwé.

Agbanyeghị, ma "Galileo" ma ọ bụ "Juno" ụdị ihe ahụ a hụrụ.