Dodd Act - Frank: general ndokwa, chọrọ na atụmatụ

Na 2011, na United States ego usoro agbanweela nnukwu mgbanwe ebe ọ bụ na Akwa Iduọ Ndutịm Uforo. Iwu batara ike na Dodd - Frank banyere ịgbazigharị Wall Street na Consumer Protection. Ịbanye Barack Obama, a-eme omume na-aduak dịkwuo nghọta nke ego usoro. Na etiti nke n'akuku n'oge a na ala ibute ọdịmma nke-atụ ụtụ isi. Ndị nkịtị ga-ata ahụhụ n'ihi na igwu wayo na-adịghị ahụ ụzọ nke ọma atụmatụ nke n'elu management nke dị iche iche na ụlọ ọrụ.

ihe mgbaru ọsọ

The iwu na-ewusi nlekọta nke nnukwu ego oru, na odida nke bụ Ẹkot ida nke dum usoro, dị ka o mere n'oge na-adịbeghị anya zuru ụwa ọnụ ego nsogbu nke malitere na nsogbu na otu nke na-eduga zuru ụwa ọnụ ego mgbe Lehman Brothers akụ.

ahụ ọhụrụ

Ebumnuche nke ọrụ nke ọ bụla azụmahịa Ọdịdị bụ uru. Na nnọọ mgbe a chọrọ bụ na-emegide ọrụ maka abamuru nke ọha mmadụ na onye ọ bụla nke ya na onye òtù. Ya mere, Dodd - Frank na-enye na nguzobe nke a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ọhụrụ oru, nzube nke bụ nke ịchịkwa na-eme nke systemically mkpa ego oru, n'ihe ize ndụ Mbelata na nchedo-atụ ụtụ isi. E mere mgbanwe ndị na ẹdude ozu. Ha metụrụ n'elu, akpan akpan, sec, na Federal Reserve na Securities Investor Protection Corporation. Ọ na-kere a ahụ dị ka Council maka Financial Kwụsie ọrụ ilekọta ọgbakọ. Ya isi ọrụ bụ ịchọpụta ẹdude ize ndụ, na-achọta ụzọ iji belata ha na iwebata kwesịrị ekwesị jikoro.

ike a ọrụ

Nke mbụ nke 15 ngalaba nke Act bụ kpamkpam lara mmezi nke ego kwụsie ike. Ọ achịkwakwa ihe e kere eke nke ọhụrụ abụọ na ozu. The Office nke Financial Research Council maka kwụsie ike ọrụ ilekọta ọgbakọ. Ha ọ bụla nwere onwe ha ọrụ, ma, ha na-arụ ọrụ na n'ozuzu echiche dịkwuo kwụsie ike nke usoro. Monitors ha eme Ministry of Finance. The Council na-enyocha ihe ọmụma ahụ nyere ndị enyemaka nke ụlọ ọrụ, na na ya na ndabere na-emepụta a n'ihe ize ndụ ntule. Ya onyeisi oche ugbu a na nkwenye nke a ruru eru ọtụtụ ndị òtù nwere ike nyefee akara nke na nri ndị ego ụlọ ọrụ ndị na-na-enyo na ha na-ebu ihe ize ndụ nke kwụsiri ike nke akụ na ụba mba. The Board nwekwara Monitors niile normative omume metụtara nke a ebe, ma ọ bụ a mgbe ọkà okwu ná nzukọ nke Congress. The ebumnobi nke Office bụ na-ahazi na-eme nke ozu na ebe nke data collection na nnyocha iji na mmepe nke ngwá ọrụ maka nlekota na n'ihe ize ndụ ntule. Dị ka akụkụ nke ahụ ọ na-azọrọ na e kee abụọ emmepe: data nhazi na nkà mmụta sayensị na analysis.

OTC trading

Ọ bụrụ na ị na-agụ Dodd - Frank na Russian, o doro anya na ọrụ bụ ugbu a bi na US, "Forex" ahịa bụ iwu na-akwadoghị. Nke a Act n'ozuzu na-enye a zuru ezu ịjụ OTC trading. Ma ego na oké ọnụ ahịa ọla. Dara n'okpuru mmachibido iwu ahụ, na-eme nke ụlọ ọrụ ndị na-ekwe ka ha US ahịa-bi ahia na onye ọ bụla ọzọ na "Forex" ahịa. Ndị a azụmahịa na-na mbụ aha na ngwaahịa mgbanwe na a n'ụzọ zuru ezu na-enwe n'ime ụlọ ọrụ. Mgbanwe ndị dị otú kwesịrị iduga a gụnyere ya ná wayo, dịkwuo nghọta nke ego usoro ma hụ na nchebe nke investors 'ikike.

liquidation obodo

The zuru ụwa ọnụ ego nsogbu nke 2008 bụ n'ụzọ dị ukwuu n'ihi ọ bụghị naanị ka ndokwa nke mgbazinye ego na-apụghị ịdabere borrowers, ma na ụjọ na bilie mgbe odida nke a isi ulo oru mbo otu dị ka Lehman Brothers. Ya mere, Volcker iwu na Dodd - Frank streamline na-eme nke systemically mkpa oru na eketre. Consumer agbazinye na-kewapụrụ ego ụlọ akụ, onwe hara nhatanha na ha onwe ha ego oru, oke ego. Dodd - Frank na Volcker iwu na-metụtara mkpa iji chebe nkịtị America-atụ ụtụ isi. The mbụ na-ewebata ọhụrụ iwu mkpochapu systemically mkpa ụlọ ọrụ, mgbe nke abụọ egbochi ndị Bank nwere ikike itinye ego ya investors na oke ego. Ugbu a, ha nwere ike na-efe 3% ikpeazụ isi obodo. Dodd Act - Frank na-enye a pụrụ iche ọchịchị nke liquidation nke nnukwu ego oru onye ọdịda pụrụ iduga a ida nke dum usoro. The dum usoro ugbu a ka ego site na US ọchịchị. Ọ na-na-eche na otú a ga-ezere egwu na ahịa na ire nke ụlọ akụ si akụ na ihe undervalue. Mgbe ọgwụgwụ nke mkpochapu nwe na-reimbursed maka mmefu. Ọ bụrụ na obere oge tupu ezisa odida ikpeazụ mgbalị iji ruo na akụkụ nke ihe onwunwe ma ọ bụ akụ ka ndị ọzọ, ma ugbu a, e nwere a usoro nke na-alọta dị ụkpụrụ.

Okwu Mmalite nke sanctions na nduzi

The iwu na-enye maka ọrụ dịịrị nke n'elu uloru onye omume mere ka ụlọ ọrụ ahụ si ida. N'ezie, ha na-ekwe si management, na mgbe ụfọdụ ha nwere ike ịkwụsi ogide yiri ọnọdụ ke ọzọ ego oru. Dị ka iwu ndị Dodd - Frank na ha nwere ike natara mere ọbụna ka mmebi nke ụlọ ọrụ.

Ọdịdị

Dodd - Frank mejupụtara 15 ngalaba. Onye mbụ a raara nye enye ego kwụsie ike. Ọ na-enye na nguzobe nke abụọ ahụ ọhụrụ. Nke abụọ ngalaba na-akọwa usoro nke liquidation. Nke atọ - nyefe nke ike. Ọ na-atụ aro mkpochapu ẹdude ụlọ ọrụ iji belata mbiputegharị nke ibu ọrụ maka ụkpụrụ nke a okirikiri. The anọ ngalaba na-ewepụtara nlekota na-eme nke ego advisors. Dị ka na mbụ na ọ usoro naanị na mpaghara larịị, o nyere akporo maka wayo akuko, na ndị ọzọ abuses. The ise ngalaba na-agụnye nlekota akụkụ nile nke mkpuchi. Dodd - Frank ego mgbanwe na-agụnye mmelite mma ma iwu. Ya nke isii ngalaba a na-akpọ Volcker Ọma. The asaa ngalaba na-agụnye ụkpụrụ nke ahịa mmụba nke n'aka nkwekọrịta na kaadị ndabere swaps. Mee elu mee ala ahia ha kwesịrị kpamkpam ngwaahịa. Asatọ-enyo enyo maka imezi na mmezi nlekọta. Nri kwesịrị ịzụlite a nkịtị n'ihe ize ndụ management ụkpụrụ systemically mkpa ego oru. Nke a ga-eme ka kwụsie ike nke aku na uba dị ka a dum. Dodd Act - Frank n'ji nchedo achọ mma nlekota nke ala ahịa. Ngalaba a na-raara onwe ha nye nke itoolu. Onye nke iri na-raara onwe ha nye na-eke n'ime nri si n'ji nchedo Bureau. Ọ ga mezie ndokwa nke ego ngwaahịa ikpeazụ. Nke iri na otu isi na-ewebata ọhụrụ nri ike ndị a na-eme ihe n'usoro liquidation nke nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ. Iri na abụọ na-egosi mfe ohere nke ụmụ amaala na nkezi ma ọ bụ ala ego na ego usoro. Iri na atọ ngalaba kpezie na Act na stabilization nke aku na uba na 2008 afọ. Iri na anọ ịgbazigharị mortgages. Iri na ise nkebi - a ndị ọzọ ọnọdụ.