Silkworm. Silkworm cocoons

Oké mmasị na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ozuzu nke ụmụ ahụhụ bụ silkworm. The technology e mepụtara a ogologo oge gara aga na oge ochie China. E kwuru banyere nke a mmepụta ke Chinese emere n'ubọchi ụbọchị laghachi 2600 BC, na silkworm cocoons, hụrụ ọkà mmụta ihe ochie na-akpa azụ 2000 BC. e. The Chinese wuru a mmepụta nke silk na ọnọdụ nke a na steeti nzuzo, na ruo ọtụtụ narị afọ na ọ bụ doro anya mkpa nke mba.

Ọtụtụ mgbe e mesịrị, na narị afọ nke 13, ozuzu nke ikpuru na imewe nke silk akwa ghọrọ aku Italy, Spain, North Africa, na narị afọ nke 16 - na Russia. Olee ụdị ụmụ ahụhụ na - silkworm?

Butterfly silkworm na mkpụrụ ya

Akpa silkworm urukurubụba taa na-bụghị dị na ọhịa na bred pụrụ iche osisi nke eke yarns. The okenye - ọ bụ ezi a nnukwu ahụhụ ìhè na agba, ruo 6 cm n'ogologo na a wingspan nke elu 5-6 cm excretion nke dị iche iche ụdị nke a na-akpali urukurubụba breeders na-arụ ọtụtụ mba .. Mgbe niile, kacha mmegharị àgwà nke iche iche ebe - ndabere maka uru mmepụta na jirichaa ego. Anyị na-enweta a otutu silkworm udiri anumanu. Ụfọdụ na-otu ọgbọ kwa afọ, ndị ọzọ - abụọ, na e nwere ụdị ndị na-enye a ole na ole litters a afọ.

N'agbanyeghị ya size, na silkworm urukurubụba nwere ike adịghị ofufe, olee otú ogologo nwere furu efu a ike. O bi naanị ụbọchị 12 na n'oge ahụ na-adịghị ọbụna kwadoro, na undeveloped n'ọnụ. Na mmalite nke ozuzu oge na-edebe silkworm ụzọ n'ime onye pouches. Mgbe mating, nwanyi maka 3-4 ụbọchị e ebikwasị àkwá na ego nke 300-800 nkeji Greenough, na-enwe ihe oval udi na budata mgbanwe nha na-na kpọmkwem dabeere na ụmụ ahụhụ na umu. Si otu ụdị, na ọ na-adabere oge nke excretion nke irighiri - ọ pụrụ ịbụ na otu afọ, ma nwere ike - na-esonụ.

Katapila - ọzọ ogbo nke mmepe

Katapila ewepụtara silkworm àkwá na okpomọkụ nke 23-25 Celsius C. Na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, ọ bụ na incubators na ụfọdụ okpomọkụ ma na iru mmiri. Àkwá-enwe maka ihe 8-10 ụbọchị, mgbe ahụ àkwá si aja aja nta na-egosi na 3 mm nwa ahuhu nke silkworm, epupụta ábụbà ntutu. Obere caterpillars na-enịm ke pụrụ iche trays na-agafere a ọma ventilated ọkụ ebe. Ndị a tankị na-anọchi anya dị ka ihe owuwu tojupụtara esịnede ọtụtụ shelves tightened ntupu na-enwe otu nzube kpọmkwem - bụ mgbe niile na-eri caterpillars. Ha na-eri nri nanị ọhụrụ mulberry epupụta, na-asị na "agụụ na-abịa na-eri" bụ nnọọ ezi chọpụta voracity nke caterpillars. The mkpa maka nri na-eto eto ha na a geometric progression, ụbọchị nke abụọ ha gwusia okpukpu abụọ nke ihe oriri karịa nke mbụ.

moult

Site na ise nke ndụ na nwa ahuhu na-akwụsị, kwụsịtụrụ ma na-amalite na-eche maka mbụ ha molt. Ọ na-ehi ụra banyere a ụbọchị, amakụ ya ụkwụ mpempe akwụkwọ, na mgbe ahụ na mberede idozi akpụkpọ-achịkwaghị achịkwa, na-atọhapụ katapila, ma na-enye ya ohere iji zuru ike na re-arụ stave anya agụụ. The esote ụbọchị anọ ọ na-amịkọrọ epupụta na enviable agụụ ruo mgbe ọ na-abịa uzo nke ọzọ molt.

katapila mgbanwe

N'ime dum oge nke mmepe (banyere a ọnwa) katapila molts ugboro anọ. Ikpeazụ molt agbanwe ya a zuru ezu nnukwu ụdị oké ìhè pearl agba: ahu ogologo ruo 8 cm, obosara - 1 cm na arọ nke 3-5 g n'ahụ gị na-anọchi a nnukwu isi na abụọ na abụọ nke na-mepụtara jaws, karịsịa n'elu, a na-akpọ "pincers". Ma ndị kasị mkpa àgwà, nke bara uru na mmepụta nke silk, - ọnụnọ nke onye okenye katapila mkpumkpu azụ n'okpuru egbugbere ọnụ nke oozes a pụrụ iche umi siri ike na kọntaktị na ikuku na odomo n'ime silk eri.

Education silk eri

Nke a ọgwụgwụ mkpumkpu azụ shelkootdelitelnye abụọ glands, nke na-ogologo akpa na n'etiti akụkụ ghọọ a aru nke a katapila n'ime a ụdị esite, dum n'ịkpa nyagide akpụ ekemende a silk eri. Ọ bụrụ na chọrọ track site na oghere n'okpuru ala egbugbere ọnụ na-amị atugharị adasị mmiri mmiri nke solidifies na odomo n'ime mkpa ma ike na eri. Nke ikpeazụ n'ime ụmụ ahụhụ na ndụ na-arụ nnukwu ọrụ na a na-eji dị ka a tether, n'ihi na nwetụrụ ihe ize ndụ ọ na-ekokwasị n'ihe ya, dị ka a na-ese onyinyo, ọ bụghị egwu na-ada. The okenye katapila shelkootdelitelnye gland ogide 2/5 akụkụ nke ngụkọta ahu aro.

Nkebi nke na-ewu nke akwuru

N'elu na-eru ịghọ okenye mgbe 4th molt, katapila amalite ida agụụ na-emecha na-akwụsị iri nri. Shelkootdelitelnye gland n'oge a na-ejupụta na mmiri mmiri nke mere na nwa ahuhu nke mgbe nile bụ a ogologo eri. Nke a pụtara na track dị njikere maka pupation. Ọ na-amalite anya n'ihi na a ebe kwesịrị ekwesị na chọtara ya na nkpa-n'aka-kokonnikah adọ silkworm enịm tinyere n'akụkụ mgbidi nke na ndepụta "shelving nkeji".

Ọdụ na ome, katapila amalite na-arụ ọrụ intensively: ọ alternately amama isi ya, na-etinye a mkpumkpu azụ na a oghere maka shelkootdelitelnoy glands dị iche iche ebe na kokonnike, si otú na-akpụ a dị nnọọ ike na netwọk nke silk eri. Ọ amama a ụdị kpuchie maka ọdịnihu-ewu. Next katapila creeps n'ime etiti nke gị etiti, na-ejide akwụgo site filaments, na-amalite ịtụ a akwuru ya.

Akwuru na pupate

N'oge na-ewu nke akwuru katapila ngwa ngwa emee ka anya doo ya isi, na-ekwe onye ọ bụla gburugburu ruo 3 cm nke eri. Ogologo ya ike dum akwuru bụ site 0,8 1.5 km, na oge nọrọ na ya, na-ụbọchị anọ ma ọ bụ karịa. Mgbe okokụre, katapila na akwuru ụra, mbịne n'ime a pupa.

Ibu akwuru na a pupa adịghị gafere 3-4 g silkworm cocoons bụ ihe ndị kasị iche iche na size (site 1 6 cm), udi (gburugburu, oval, na jumpers) na agba (site na-acha ọcha na ọla-edo na lilac). Ọkachamara ahụ kwuru na ndị ọzọ uchu n'ihe gbasara kpaa a akwuru silkworms bụ ụmụ nwoke. Ha n'ebe-obibi-maka nwa bebi iche asọfe njupụta nke yarn ogologo ya.

ọzọ Butterfly

Mgbe izu atọ nke urukurubụba pupae si, nke dị mkpa iji pụọ nke akwuru. Ọ bụ ike, n'ihi na ọ bụ kpam kpam nke na-enweghị jaws chọọ katapila. Ma amamihe ọdịdị edozi nsogbu a: Butterfly a kwadebere n'ụzọ pụrụ iche glands na-emepụta alkaline asu, ngwa nke nke softens akwuru mgbidi ma na-akwalite ntọhapụ nke e guzobere ọhụrụ urukurubụba. Ya mere silkworm enwezu gburugburu nke ya mgbanwe.

Otú ọ dị, ulo oru ozuzu nke silkworms interrupts na mmeputakwa nke butterflies. Otutu nke cocoons iji na-emepụta raw silk. Mgbe niile, nke a bụ okokụre ngwaahịa, onye nwere ike na-tụsaratụ ndị cocoons na pụrụ iche igwe, tupu slaying pupae na cocoons esichara uzu ọkụ na mmiri.

Ya mere, silkworm ozuzu nke na ihe ulo oru ọnụ ọgụgụ, ga-eleghị anya, mgbe-atụfu ya mkpa, - a ebube atụ nke akpa ụmụ ahụhụ, nke na-eweta a nnọọ bukwanu ego.