Russian gas pipelines: map na chaatị dị iche iche. Gas pipelines si Russia na Europe

Pipeline iga enye ije nke ndị dị otú ahụ dị mkpa ibu dị otú ahụ dị ka mmanụ eke gas. Russian pipelines nwere ihe karịrị ọkara otu narị afọ akụkọ ihe mere eme. Construction malite na mmepe nke mmanụ ubi nke Baku na Grozny. Taa map Russian gas nwere ihe fọrọ nke nta 50 puku. Km nke ogwe pipelines, nke pumped ọtụtụ ndị Russian mmanụ.

The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Russian gas

Pipeline gas iga na Russia malitere imepe ifịk ifịk na 1950, bụ nke e jikọtara ya na mmepe nke ọhụrụ ego na ndị na-ewu ihe mmanụ na Baku. Ugbua site 2008, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke-ebu mmanụ na mmanụ ala na ngwaahịa ruru 488 nde. Tọn. E jiri ya tụnyere 2000, onye na-abawanye nke 53%.

Kwa afo Russian gas pipelines (atụmatụ a na-emelite na-egosiputa niile edoghi) na-eto eto. Ọ bụrụ na 2000, anwụrụ ogologo nke pipeline bụ 61 puku. Km na 2008 ama dịrị 63 puku. Km. Site 2012, budata gbasaa isi gas pipelines Russia. Map na egosiri gburugburu 250 puku. Km nke pipeline. . N'ime ndị a, 175 puku km nke gas pipeline ogologo-ya 55 thous. Km - ogologo nke pipeline, 20 thous. Km - ogologo nke mmanụ pipeline.

Russian gas pipeline njem

The pipeline - a pipeline njem engineering ewu, nke na-eji maka iga nke methane na eke gas. The gas ọkọnọ a rụrụ site ngafe nsogbu.

Taa ọ bụ ike ikwere na Russian Federation (ugbu a kasị ekspootu "-acha anụnụ anụnụ na mmanụ ụgbọala") bụ ibido dabere na ngwaọrụ zụtara ná mba ọzọ. Na 1835 na St. Petersburg, mbụ osisi n'ihi na mmepụta nke "-acha anụnụ anụnụ mmanụ" na-ekesa usoro si ubi ka n'ji e meghere. Mgbe a na osisi wepụ gas si mba ọzọ coal. 30 afọ mgbe e mesịrị, a yiri osisi wuru na Moscow.

N'ihi na elu na-eri nke na-ewu nke gas ọkpọkọ na mbubata akụrụngwa mbụ Russian pipelines ndị obere. Piping mere nnukwu dayameta (1220 na 1420 mm) na na a elu igbu oge. Na mmepe nke ubi nke technology nke eke gas na ya mmepụta size "-acha anụnụ anụnụ osimiri" na Russia malitere dịkwuo ngwa ngwa.

The kasị ibu Russian gas pipelines

"Gazprom" - kasị ọrụ nke "gas akwara" na Russia. The isi ụdị nke ụlọ ọrụ bụ:

• geological ngagharị, mmepụta, ụgbọ njem, nchekwa, nhazi;
• mmepụta na ire nke okpomọkụ na ọkụ eletrik.

N'oge ahụ, e nwere ẹdude pipelines:

1. "Blue Stream".
2. "Ọganihu".
3. "Union".
4. "Nord Stream".
5. "Yamal-Europe".
6. "Urengoi-Uzhgorod Pomar".
7. "Sakhalin-Khabarovsk-Vladivostok".

Ebe ọ bụ na mmepe nke mmanụ na Petrochemical na ngalaba nke mmasị ọtụtụ investors, engineer ifịk ifịk zụlite ma iwu ihe ọhụrụ isi gas pipelines Russia.

Russian mmanụ pipelines

The pipeline - a pipeline njem engineering ewu, nke na-eji ibufe mmanụ si mmepụta saịtị na n'ji. E nwere ihe abụọ na ụdị ọkpọkọ: isi na ubi.

Mmanụ kasị ukwuu pipeline:

1. "Enyi" - otu n'ime isi ụzọ gasị nke Russian Alaeze Ukwu. Taa mmepụta ike bụ 66,5 nde. Tọn kwa afọ. Idé gbatịrị si Samara site Bryansk. Na obodo nke Mozyr "Druzhba" ekewa abụọ ngalaba:

• n'ebe ndịda okporo ụzọ - agabiga Ukraine, Croatia, Hungary, Slovakia, na Czech Republic;
• Northern Railway - site Germany, Latvia, Poland, Belarus na Lithuania.

1. Baltic pipeline usoro - a usoro nke paịpụ na-ejikọ ndị ebe mmanụ mmepụta si ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri. The ike nke ndị dị otú a akara nke 74 nde. Tọn mmanụ kwa afọ.
2. The Baltic Pipeline System-2 - bụ a usoro na njikọ ndị "Druzhba" pipeline na Russian ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri na Baltic Oké Osimiri. Ike bụ 30 mln. Tọn kwa afọ.
3. Eastern mmanụ pipeline ejikọ ebe mmepụta ke Eastern na Western Siberia na US na Asian ahịa. The ike nke mmanụ esịmde 58 nde. Tọn kwa afọ.
4. Caspian Pipeline Consortium - otu ihe dị mkpa na mba oru ngo na òkè nke isi mmanụ ụlọ ọrụ, kere maka ewu na ime ihe nke anwụrụ ogologo nke 1.5 puku km .. Arụ ọrụ ike bụ 28,2 nde. Tọn kwa afọ.

Gas pipelines si Russia na Europe

Russia na Europe nwere ike ezitekwara gas ụzọ atọ: site Ukrainian gas iga usoro, nakwa dị ka site na pipeline "Nord Stream" na "Yamal-Europe". Na ikpe, ma ọ bụrụ na Ukraine akpatre akwụsị imekọ ihe ọnụ na Russian Federation, ọkọnọ nke "-acha anụnụ anụnụ mmanụ" na Europe ga-rụrụ nanị gas pipelines Russia.

Scheme ndepụta methane na Europe na-achọ, dị embodiments:

1. "Nord Stream" - a eke gas pipeline na-ejikọ Russia na Germany n'okpuru Baltic Oké Osimiri. The pipeline bypasses n'ụzọ mba: Belarus, Poland na Baltic mba. "Nord Stream" e-etinye n'ime eji dịtụ na-adịbeghị anya - na 2011.
2. "Yamal-Europe" - a gas pipeline ogologo karịa abụọ na puku abụọ kilomita nke ọkpọkọ agabiga n'ókèala Russia, Belarus, Germany na Poland.
3. "Blue Stream" - gas pipeline-ejikọ ndị Russian Federation na Turkey n'okpuru Black Sea. Ogologo ya bụ hà 1213 km. The imewe ike bụ 16 ijeri. Cubic mita kwa afọ.
4. "Southern stream" - ọjà ekewa ala na oké osimiri ebe. Maritime ngalaba na-agba ọsọ n'okpuru Black Sea na-ejikọ ndị Russian Federation, Turkey, Bulgaria. The ogologo bụ 930 km. Land ibé-agabiga n'ókèala Serbia, Bulgaria, Hungary, Italy, Slovenia.

"Gazprom" kwuru na price nke gas na Europe site 8-14% ga-akpọlite na 2017. Russian nnyocha na-ekwu na olu nke butekwara afọ a ga-abụ ihe karịa ke 2016. Income gas nanị nke Russia nwere ike na-eto eto site na 34.2 ijeri. Dollars na 2017.

Russian gas pipelines: mbubata atụmatụ

mba ndị agbata obi, nke Russia ọnọde gas na-agụnye:

1. Ukraine (sales sostavlyaet14,5 ijeri cu. M.).
2. Belarus (19.6).
3. Kazakhstan (5.1).
4. Moldova (2.8).
5. Lithuania (2,5).
6. Armenia (1.8).
7. Latvia (1).
8. Estonia (0.4).
9. Georgia (0.3).
10. South Osisha (0.02).

N'etiti CIS mba Russian gas bụ:

1. Germany (butekwara 40,3 ijeri cu. M.).
2. Turkey (27.3).
3. Italy (21.7).
4. Poland (9.1).
5. United Alaeze (15.5).
6. Czech Republic (0.8), na ndị ọzọ.

Tụkwasịnụ nke gas na Ukraine

Na December 2013, "Gazprom" na "Naftogaz" bịanyere aka Addendum ka nkwekọrịta. Na akwụkwọ ahụ bụ dị ọhụrụ "Discount" price, a atọ na-erughị kenyere na nkwekọrịta. The Treaty banye ike na January 1, 2014, na a ga-ọhụrụ ọ bụla ọnwa atọ. N'ihi na nke ụgwọ gas "Gazprom" emewo kagbuo a ego na April 2014, na-ama on April 1, ndị price bilie, na-eru $ 500 kwa puku. Cubic mita (a ego ọnụego dịrị 268.5 dollar kwa puku. Cubic mita).

The zubere ewu nke gas pipelines na Russia

Map nke Russian gas pipelines n'okpuru mmepe na-agụnye ise ngalaba. Ọ bụghị emejuputa atumatu oru ngo "South Stream" dị n'etiti Anapa na Bulgaria, wuru "Altai" - a gas pipeline n'agbata Siberia na Western China. Caspian gas pipeline, nke ga-anapụta eke gas si Caspian Sea, ke ogologo okwu ga-agabiga n'ókèala Russia, Turkmenistan na Kazakhstan. N'ihi na onunu si Yakutia na Asia-Pacific na mpaghara, na-wuru ọzọ akara - "Yakutia-Khabarovsk-Vladivostok".