Ejegharị, Ntụziaka
Donskoy Obibi na Moscow - akụkọ ihe mere eme, foto na nkọwa
Otu n'ime ihe ndị kasị ochie na ọtụtụ mara mma ụkpụrụ ụlọ ncheta nke 16-19 ọtụtụ narị afọ na isi obodo. Ọ bụ Donskoi Obibi. Na Moscow, eleghị anya ọ bụ onye ọ bụla maara. Ma, n'ihi na obodo bụ na-akpali ọbịa na ihe ọmụma bara uru banyere ihe ya onwe ya bụ na-esi ebe a.
Ebee ka ọ bụ?
History nke ncheta bụ akpali nnọọ mmasị. Na ebe bụ Donskoy Obibi na Moscow? Address ndị na-esonụ: Don ebe, 1-3. Ọ bụrụ na ị na-aga ebe a site na ọha iga, ọ ga-abụ ihe ò na-na ụzọ ụgbọ oloko: na Kaluga-Riga alaka na ebe "Shabolovskaya". Mgbe ahụ ga-wepuÚ na-atụgharị nri, na-aga site Shabolovka n'okporo ámá mbụ T-nkwụsị (nrutu na-akpa-agafe site Don). Mgbe ahụ nri ọzọ, na mgbe n'ịhapụ, na-aga, tinyere ebe obibi ndị mọnk mgbidi. Isi n'ọnụ ụzọ obibi bụ site Don ebe.
1. Large Katidral.
2. Small Katidral.
3. The mgbịrịgba elu na chọọchị nke Zekaraya na Elizabet.
4. Tikhvin Church.
5. Kitchen (XVIII c.).
6. Church of St. Ioanna Zlatousta.
7. Arhimandritskie-ulo (XVIII c.).
8. Church of Tikhon.
9. Church of St. Aleksandra Svirskogo.
10. Church of St. Ioanna Lestvichnika.
11. Sel.
12. Theological Seminary (XVIII c.).
13. Chamber.
14. Fraternal sel (XVIII c.).
15. banye n'Ụlọ Ekpere.
16. The Church Arhangela Mihaila.
17. Ọrịa mkpụrụ ndụ.
18. Mbara ihu. ụlọ.
19. Hoz. ụlọ.
20. The ngere nke ebe obibi ndị mọnk.
21. The n'ili Levchenko.
22. Church of St. George Velikomuchenika Pobedonostsa.
23. The Church Aleksandra Nevskogo.
24. Shrine Prostyakov.
25. Tower nke nsu.
26, 27. The mgbidi nke Tower.
28. Tower nsu.
29,30. Tower mgbidi.
31. Tower nke nsu.
32, 33. The mgbidi nke Tower.
34. Tower nke nsu.
35, 36. The mgbidi nke Tower.
37 Museum nke na ngwá agha.
38. High enyemaka na Katidral nke Kraist, Onye nzọpụta.
39. Arbor.
40. The Mozis icon.
41. The obelisk, a ụzọ ịrịba ama.
History of na-ewu
Ọ na-amaghị kpọmkwem mgbe Donskoy Obibi e kere. Ọtụtụ ndị ọkọ akụkọ na-achọ kweere na ọ e hiwere na 1591. Ndị ọzọ ndị ọkachamara kweere na ọ mere a obere ka e mesịrị: na 1592-93, karị. Iji nwere anwụghị na akụkọ mgbe ọnọdụ nke ikpe Chineke na narị anọ gara aga. Ke mbubreyo narị afọ nke 16 n'ebe ahụ mobile ike nke Russian agha chọtara ndị a, ma ọ bụ, dị ka ọ na-akpọ - "na-eje ije-obodo". Nke a na-awagharị awagharị deg convoy nwere a mara ụlọikwuu na chọọchị, tọrọ ntọala na nsọpụrụ nke St. Sergiya Radonezhskogo. The isi okpukpe Shinto e Don Nne nke Chineke, otu dị ka akụkọ mgbe ochie na-ekwu, a oké okenye gọzie Prince Dimitriya Ioannovicha ibuso ndị Tartar-Mongol, onye banyere akụkọ ihe mere eme dị ka Agha nke Kulikovo. E mesịa, o nyere aha nke ebe obibi ndị mọnk, e wuru ebe a site na Tsar Fyodor Ivanovich ke 1593 na nsọpụrụ nke na-azọpụta ndị obodo si Crimea Khan Geza II Giray.
We nọdu na n'oge ochie
Nti akara aka nke a obibi ndị mọnk. Nọ na-ndụ na ọtụtụ afọ nke na-eleghara anya, ọ nọ na-enwe ọganihu na mgbe ọ ghọrọ otu n'ime ndị ọgaranya na ọtụtụ ihe ùgwù mọnk nke Russia. Na oge nke nsogbu ndị o weghaara na Sacked site Polish agha, o duuru Hetman Chodkiewicz. N'elu ọzọ afọ ole na ole ebe a buru eze-n'efu. Weghachiri mọnk Romanovs: ndi-eze nke Mikhail Fedorovich na Alexei Mikhailovich. Kemgbe ahụ, a mmasị ebe ekpere eze na-aghọ Donskoy Obibi na Moscow. Address ọ na-ọma nile maara Orthodox ndị mmadụ. Ebe a na-kwara processions. Earth obibi ndị mọnk na-agbasa. Wuru ọhụrụ nkume ụlọ. Obibi na-aghọ otu n'ime ndị kasị, ogaranya na-akwanyere ùgwù na mba. Na 1698, a nkwa nwanne Tsar Peter m, bụ a mara mma ọhụrụ katidral e wuru na nsọpụrụ nke Don icon, nke ugbu a na-akpọ Great.
The ọdachi na ụbọchị nke nnupu isi nke Otiti
Na 1771, e mere otu n'ime ndị kasị mma-mara na oge nke gbarụrụ agbarụ ihe. Anyị na-ekwu okwu banyere igbu ọchụ na ebe obibi ndị mọnk nke Akwa Bishop Ambrose. Ọ bụ a egwu mgbe - Otiti nnupụisi na mba. Kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ a egwu ọrịa, na-ebu pụọ ndụ ọtụtụ puku mmadụ. E nwere echiche dị na ọnyá e me ka Moscow si Black Sea mba n'oge Russian-Turkish agha. The ọrịa amalite ngwa ngwa, ekpuchi n'ókèala ọhụrụ na isi obodo n'ụlọ. Enwe ụba na onye ọ bụla na-agafe n'ụbọchị. Ndị mmadụ a egwu. Igbe ozu kọrọ. Na n'okporo ámá nke Moscow nwere ike hụrụ, na-arịa ọrịa na ike na ndị nwụrụ anwụ. Na ozu na-emekarị nanị tụrụ nke ụlọ. Ha na-agha ụgha na n'okporo ámá. N'ọnọdụ ndị dị otú, ihe-otiti ngwa ngwa meriri ọhụrụ n'ókèala. Dọkịta na-enweghị ike na-enyere ndị na-arịa ọrịa. People gbabara na okwukwe ha na Jehova. Ndị kpọkọta kwa n'ọnụ ụzọ ámá nke obi fere azụ na China-obodo nso ọrụ ebube icon Anyị Lady of Bogolyubovo. Ma ndị ọrịa na ahụ ike susuo okpukpe Shinto, inye onyinye mgbasa nke ọrịa. Akwa Bishop Ambrose, maara nke a, na iwu ekpere ihu ọha, na nnọọ icon nyere iwu wepụrụ. Dajụọ ìgwè mmadụ ụtụtụ wee kụrie ndị Chudov obibi ndị mọnk na Kremlin. Ma n'oge na-adịghị ndị nnupụisi ruru na Donskoy Obibi, mgbidi nke gbabara Ambrose.
The mgbanwe nke narị afọ nke 19
Cheta na 1764, ebe obibi ndị mọnk natara ọnọdụ stavropigialny. Nke a pụtara na site ugbu a na ọ rubere Nsọ Synod na nwere ikike ịhọrọ Archimandrite. Na narị afọ nke 19, akara aka nke ebe obibi ndị mọnk ọtụtụ ugboro gbanwere n'ụzọ dị ịrịba ama. A ọhụrụ gburugburu nke na-eme ka akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Donskoy Obibi. Na Moscow na 1812, we buru eze ịtọgbọrọ n'efu. Ọtụtụ ndị bi na a hapụrụ isi obodo. The French, edu Napoleon nsogbu. N'ihi na ihe niile o doro anya na onye iro ga-ogide obodo. N'oge na-adịghị na ọ mere. Don mọnk e zuuru site French. Dajụọ ọkụ 1812 na Moscow, bibiri ọtụtụ ụlọ na omenala ncheta. Ma n'oge na-adịghị, ọ malitere iwughachi obodo. Na reconstructed ebe obibi ndị mọnk. Ná mmalite nke narị afọ na ebe obibi ndị mọnk na-emi odude Spiritual nnyocha Committee, kpaliri mgbe e mesịrị na Atọ n'Ime Otu-Sergius Lavra. Ebe ọ bụ na 1834, e nwere ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị okpukpe, nke zụrụ-aga ime na akwụkwọ seminarị, na ebe ọ bụ na 1909 - na a akwụkwọ maka ịzụ novices. Ọzọkwa na ebe obibi ndị mọnk n'oge ahụ e nwere iconographic Chamber of ha. Selezneva. Ebe a kwadebe ese ịrụ ọrụ iwu. Na ókèala nke ebe obibi ndị mọnk na-wuru chọọchị Arhangela Mihaila na Church of Ioanna Zlatousta. Kwa afọ na August 19 na a oge na-eme ememe ụbọchị nke Don icon. On a ụbọchị, edikan na-ewe ebe obibi ndị mọnk nke mwere Cathedral nke Kremlin. Ugbu e-arụ ọrụ gold embroidery noo. Ndị mmadụ na-achọ ịghọta nkà nke embroidery na gold eri, na-agbalị-esi na-Donskoy Obibi na Moscow. Nyocha na-ekwu na ihe ndị mara mma na ngwaahịa nke obodo nna ukwu bụ pụtara ìhè. The ọmụmụ na studio aka ịmụta oge ochie Usoro nke ọdịdị ihu na gold embroidery, nke kemgbe oge ochie e ji agba na-achị nke chọọchị arịa.
Mgbe October mgbanwe nke 1917
Century 20 emewo ka a ọtụtụ ule na obodo ike. The mgbanwe ke October 1917, mee ka Donskoy Obibi na Moscow e eze emechi. Otú ọ dị, ọrụ na ụlọ nsọ ebe a ruo oge ụfọdụ. Next e na-emi odude dị iche iche Soviet oru, na mgbe e mesịrị - ụmụaka ọrụ ógbè. Ọ maara na ndị na-jide ike na mba n'oge ahụ, ọ bụghị nanị na-amara ndị ụkọchukwu, ma ndokwa ndị mkpagbu obi ọjọọ nke ndị kwere ekwe. Na 20-ies na mgbidi nke ebe obibi ndị mọnk na-mgbochi okpukpe ngosi. A obere ka e mesịrị, e nwere ọbụna-emeghe na-akpọ mgbochi okpukpe nkà ihe ngosi nka. Na May 1922, e butere ebe a bụ Tikhon dị ka onye mkpọrọ. Ebe ọ nọrọ ọtụtụ mgbe ngwụsị ya. N'agbanyeghị mgbe nile njide na psychological nrụgide nke Soviet ọchịchị, Tikhon eduzi ndị Church na oge a tara akpụ ya. Ọ jisiri eme maka ịdị n'otu nke ndị Russia. Nna ochie katọrọ ndị ndọrọ ego nke ala nke ụka ụkpụrụ, a na-akpọ kwesịrị ntụkwasị obi na-ebili n'ihi emegbukarị na "na-emegbu emegbu ugbu a anyị dị nsọ nne." Na December 1924, mgbe Tikhon, onye bi na cell nke Donskoy Obibi, ama egbu. Ọ penetrated abụọ intruders ka ịdị nsọ ya na igbu ọchụ. Ha meghere ụzọ nkịtị nwanne Yakov Polozov. Ọ gburu kpara. Na 1925, Tikhon dara ọrịa ma nwụọ na March na Annunciation. St. Liri ada itie ke Obere Katidral. N'ileghachi anya n'ihu, ọ bụ uru arịba ama na na 1989, Tikhon senti. Na 1964, alaka ụlọ ọrụ nke Research Museum of Architecture. Shchusev-ya we chigharia Donskoy Obibi. Na Moscow, isi njikọ ya dị na Vozdvizhenka. Na 1946, ndị Obere kansul maliteghachiri ọrụ. Na 1991, ebe obibi ndị mọnk a kpọfere Moscow Patriarchate. N'otu oge ahụ, e nwere a obi oku ogbugba Small Katidral. N'oge rụziri mgbidi na N'ezie nke gwupụtara ihe ncheta nke St. Tikhon ahuru. Ha na-enịm ke a gilded cancer ma kwaga na Grand Cathedral, ebe a na-echekwa na nke a ụbọchị.
The ụkpụrụ ụlọ ensemble
Ebe a ị nwere ike họrọ ndị na-esonụ:
• Large katidral. Ọ kere 1686-1698 afọ na nsọpụrụ nke Don Icon nke Nne nke Chineke. Dị iche iche ije. Ọ bụ a nnukwu ise domed gallery na perimeta.
• Obere Katidral. Wuru na 1591-1593 afọ na nsọpụrụ nke Don Icon nke Nne nke Chineke. Ke ẹbọ nke otu-gawa temple nke Russian ije nke XVI narị afọ.
• Church of St. Alexander Svirsky. Emi odude n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Great Katidral. Wuru na 1796-98 afọ na agụ N. A. Zubova ego n'elu ili nke nna-ya, mbụ senator n'ụbọchị ya. Ọ bụ a temple-n'ili nke genus ezé. Ọ e mere na oge gboo style, nakwa dị ka ọtụtụ ụlọ ugbu a gụnyere Donskoy Obibi. Na Moscow, photos nke rotunda nwere ike hụrụ na ngosi nke ama ama foto.
• Church nke Tikhvin Icon nke Nne nke Chineke. Wuru na 1713-14, karị. Emi odude ke edere edere n'ọnụ ụzọ ámá nke ebe obibi ndị mọnk.
• Church Arhangela Mihaila. Afọ mwube - 1714. Emi odude ke akụkụ nke akụkụ ebe ndịda nke ebe obibi ndị mọnk. Ọ bụ nna nna, ili nke Golitsyn ezinụlọ.
• Church of St. Ioanna Zlatousta. Wuru V. P. Gavrilovym, V. D. Sherom na M. P. Ivanovym site atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ AG Vincent na 1888-1891 afọ. Mere na Byzantine style. Bụ ili ozu Pervushin. Emi odude ke edem edere akụkụ nke ebe obibi ndị mọnk, onye na-emechi ka ohere.
• Ụzọ Ámá mgbịrịgba elu. Afọ nke owuwu - 1730-53. Emi odude ke n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ n'ọnụ ụzọ ámá.
• Church of St. Tikhon. Guzosie Ike na 1997. Ọ na-anọchi na saịtị nke mbụ gardens novices. The ala chọọchị bụ n'ili nke Shevchenko ezinụlọ.
• The Church of Alexander Nevsky. Nke a bụ oge a na ụlọ. Wuru na 2006.
• ngọzi nke mmiri nke ọma. Ụbọchị ndị a na-eji n'ihi na unsuitability nke mmiri ọṅụṅụ.
• banye n'Ụlọ Ekpere. Kere mbubreyo narị afọ nke 19 na nsọpụrụ nke ọrụ ebube nzọpụta nke ezinụlọ eze n'oge a ụgbọ okporo ígwè na mberede na October 17, 1888. dị n'èzí ebe obibi ndị mọnk. Ruo ugbu a, dị mwute ikwu, ọ bụghị ọbọhọ.
All na ugbu a na-eme ka a obibi dị nsọ anyị. Donskoy Obibi na Moscow - anyị omenala na ihe nketa ime mmụọ na a ga-echebe.
Ebe obibi ndị mọnk necropolis
Ụlọ a enyene a akụkụ buru ibu nke ókèala nke ebe obibi ndị mọnk. Ọ pụta ke mbubreyo narị afọ nke 17. Nm Karamzin, n'akwụkwọ ya "History nke Russian State" na-ezo aka n'eziokwu ahụ bụ na-eli ozu nke Donskoy Obibi na Moscow n'oge ọ bụ n'ebe ili ozu nke ndị oké ozu J.Randall na ndị bara ọgaranya ahịa. On necropolis ncheta nwere ike izute ndị dị otú ahụ nnukwu ezinụlọ maara dị ka Grushetsky, Vyazemskys, Golitsyns, Trubetskoy, et al Cherkasskys.
Memorial ọcha agha
The ncheta e meghere on May 24, 2009. Ebe a na-eli ọtụtụ maara nke ọma oru nke White Movement: General Ai Denikin na nwunye ya, General V. O. Kappel na ọkà ihe ọmụma I. A. Ilin na nwunye ya. ihe e kere eke nke na ncheta e butere site na Russian President Putinu V. V., onye, ebe deplorable olili White ọchịagha, nyere iwu ime ka a ọhụrụ ịkpụ. Next Vladimir Vladimirovich onwe-elekọta ọrụ na ncheta na ngwaọrụ, guzosie ike ọhụrụ osise efere. Nanị izu abụọ o were ọkachamara maka ya ewu. Ncheta bụ a obere mpaghara na ise konkiri tombstones.
Ihu arụsị Donskoy Obibi
Na Moscow, e nwere ọtụtụ oge ochie ebe obibi, na-adọta anyị na ya mma. N'ihi gịnị ka o kwesịrị ịga nke a? Ebe i nwere ike ịhụ ndị na-esonụ bụ ihu arụsị ma na-efe ha:
• Don akara ngosi nke Nne nke Chineke. Ọ bụ a ime mmụọ mkpuru nke ebe obibi ndị mọnk bụ isi bara uru. Dị ka akụkọ mgbe ochie, ya Sergiy Radonezhsky gọzie Prince Dmitry Donskoy na agha na-Tatars. E kwuru banyere ya Mgbagwoju ka n'etiti afọ 16 na narị afọ. The oyiyi ugbu a nọ na Tretyakov Gallery. Ma ọ bụla afọ na 1 September, na a ezumike, ọ na-anapụta ndị Donskoy Obibi na-ebu ozi.
• The nsọ ihe ncheta nke Tikhon, echekwara na a gilded cancer ebe a na Great Katidral.
• Anyị Lady "Theodore" na "The mgbaàmà, nabatakwa". Akwụ kpọ isi ala ndị a ebe nsọ nile, ọtụtụ ndị kwere ekwe chọrọ ileta Donskoy Obibi na Moscow. ndị a oyiyi na-ahụta ka ọrụ ebube.
• List Don onyinyo nke Virgin. Nke a akwụkwọ ozi si n'aka Simon Ushakov na 1668, n'ụzọ ọrụ ebube ọbọhọ n'oge ọkụ na 1991. Mma na a pụrụ iche ndò nke.
• The Mozis icon of St. Nicholas. Echekwara na n'ili Levchenko.
• The ili nkịtị nwanna nwoke na-eje ozi senti Tikhon, Yakova Polozova. Ọ na-emi odude nso mgbidi nke Obere Katidral. Na Jacob meghee ọnụ ụzọ nke mkpụrụ ndụ kpara ndị bịara igbu Akwa Bishop Tikhon. N'ihi ya, Jekọb nọ gburu.
ebe obibi ndị mọnk ụlọ arụsị na-arụ ọrụ. Parish achọ Donskoi mọnk Moscow ime mgbe nile. E nwekwara eduzi njegharị haziri.
Don na-eli ozu "Old"
Ọ pụtara na 1591. Na-eli ozu na-emi odude ke edem usụk-n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke Moscow. Ya ebe bụ banyere 13 hectare. Ebe a na ha na-eli ama ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị, dere ya, Decembrists, ndị na-alụ Agha nke 1812. Site na narị afọ nke 20, ọ ghọrọ mmadụ karịrị akarị. Ya mere, ọ dị mkpa ka ngere a nnukwu ebe ndịda mgbidi nke ebe obibi ndị mọnk, iji mụbaa ókèala ya. Ya mere, e a na-eli ozu, nke aha ya bụ "New". Ọ nwere ya n'ọnụ ụzọ. Ke n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ mgbidi nke "ochie" na-eli ozu, i nwere ike ịhụ ndị dị elu tụrụ, nke e wepụrụ si Katidral nke Kraist, Onye nzọpụta na-azọpụta site na mbibi. Ili dị ka ndị na ebe a taa na-adịghị. All ndị na-achọ ịga ebe obibi ndị mọnk Dmitriya Donskogo na Moscow na "ochie" na-eli ozu na ya n'ókèala, ọ bara uru ka maara na ọ bụ na-emeghe si 08,00 awa 18,30 awa kwa ụbọchị.
Don na-eli ozu "New"
E hiwere ya dị ka e kwuru n'elu, na mbubreyo narị afọ nke 19. Tupu mgbanwe ke October 1917, ndị "New"-eli ozu nke Donskoy Obibi bụ n'ebe ili ozu nke tumadi amamihe na Moscow, professors, ọkà mmụta sayensị, dị iche iche ọchịchị. Na 1927, ebe ọ na-onwem na mbụ na isi obodo columbarium na akpọ ha ọkụ. Iji nwere anwụghị akwụkwọ na-egosi na V. I. Lenin na 1918 nyere iwu zuo mba ọzọ ngwá maka cremating ozu. N'afọ na-esonụ, ndị kasị ufiop n'oge agha obodo, na nke ugbu a ọchịchị ka a mara ọkwa a mpi maka kacha mma oru ngo nke akpọ ha ọkụ. N'oge na-adịghị a alụmdi e wuru ebe a. Ọ maara na naanị ndị agha bụ ndị nwụrụ n'ụlọ ọgwụ n'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, kpọrọ ozu ya ọkụ dịghị ihe na-erughị 15 000. The omimi nke na-eli ozu na-anọchi a stele na-echeta ihe nile ahụhụ ma gbuo na afọ nke ada. The ozu nke ndị mmadụ site Lubyanka na Lefortovo me ebe a si narị gwongworo ga-akpọ. Ugbu a, ndị omenala ili ozu ebe a, olili urns na ala, na ime ụlọ na n'èzí columbarium.
Anyị nwere a maruuru ụkpụrụ ụlọ owuwu na-eme ka Donskoy Obibi na Moscow. Map ha na ọnọdụ a na-n'ihu ebe a.
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