Edemede na-emekarị. Edemede ọnọdụ na okwukwo

Edemede na-emekarị - nke a bụ ihe a na-emekarị kwuru na na ụlọ akwụkwọ ma ọ bụ na-ede akwụkwọ otu. Bụ otu ìgwè nke ihe ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu, ha na-ji software na aesthetic ịdị n'otu, nakwa dị ka ideological na nkà mmekọrita. Na ọzọ okwu, ọ bụ a doro anya na ụdị (dị ka subgroup) edemede ije. Na akwụkwọ, n'ihi na ihe atụ, na Russian romanticism, ọ na-ezo aka "psychological", "Philosophy" na "obodo" okwukwo. The Russian edemede ije ọkà mmụta kwuru na ọ bụ, "sociological" na "psychological" direction.

classicism

Nke a direction na nkà style na nkà na akwụkwọ Europe n'oge narị afọ nke 19. The aha na-abịa site Latin okwu «classicus» - zuru okè.

Edemede ọnọdụ nke narị afọ nke 19 nwere onwe ha e ji mara:

1. ịrịọ na ụdị na oyiyi nke oge ochie na nkà na akwụkwọ dị ka ihe aesthetic ọkọlọtọ, a ndabere, tinye n'ihu ụkpụrụ nke "n'iṅomi ọdịdị", nke negosi nnabata ya na iwu siri ike na-adọta si oge ochie aesthetics.

2. The ndabere nke aesthetics nke ụkpụrụ nke rationalism (si Latin «ruru» pụtara uche), na akwado ese ọrụ nkà dị ka ihe e kere eke nke wuru - kere ihe consciously, esikwa haziri, ezi uche wuru.

3. classicism na oyiyi dịghị onye àgwà, dị ka ha na-e isi weghara ọnyà, anụ, emecha na-adịgide adịgide ịrịba ama na-eje ozi dị ka ndị n'onwe ọtụtụ ime mmụọ na-elekọta mmadụ na-agha.

4. The na-elekọta mmadụ na izi ọrụ nke art. Emebi harmonic àgwà.

sentimentalism

Sentimentalism (na translation si English pụtara sentimental "mwute") - maka akwụkwọ na nkà nke narị afọ nke 18 na Europe. Enlightenment rationalism kwadebere iji nsogbu na Enlightenment bụ ikpeazụ ogbo. Ọwọrọ chronologically kpọkwasịwo romanticism, m nwere ike nye ya ụfọdụ n'ime ha atụmatụ.

Edemede ije, abu nke oge a nwere ya e ji mara:

1. sentimentalism anọgide ntụkwasị obi ruo ideals nke normative àgwà.

2. Mgbe e jiri ya tụnyere classicism na ya muta pathos isi "ọdịdị mmadụ" na-akọ na uche na mmetụta.

3. The ọnọdụ nke guzobere nwoke ahụ zuru okè na-adịghị na-ewere a "eru mba reorganization", na mma na ntọhapụ nke "eke mmetụta".

4. edemede dike sentimentalism ukwuu ndị mmadụ: mbido (ma ọ bụ nkwenkwe) ha kwuo uche, ọgaranya ime mmụọ n'ụwa nke ndị nkịtị bụ otu n'ime mmeri nke sentimentalism.

5. sentimentalism amaghị banyere "enweghị isi na ọdụ": emegiderịta ọnọdụ, ná ntiwapụ nke mmetụta uche na-aghọta dị ka dị rationalistic ịkọwa.

romanticism

Nke a bụ nke a kasị mara edemede emekarị akwụkwọ nke Europe na America nke oge 18 - n'oge narị afọ nke 19. A oge nke ihunanya echiche niile ọhụrụ, weird, iju, nke a na-hụrụ naanị na akwụkwọ.

Ihunanya akwụkwọ nke narị afọ nke 19 na Russia e ji mara:

1. Antiprosvetitelskoy direction na proyavivlyalas ka tupu Romanticism na sentimentalism, na Romanticism peaked. Social na ideological preconditions nwere ike na-akpọ a ndakpọ olileanya na-arụpụta nke mgbanwe na-mkpụrụ nke ọha na eze n'ozuzu, ngagharị iwe megide ndị na-eme, banality na prosaic bourgeois ndụ. Eziokwu nke akụkọ ihe mere eme bụ n'okpuru "mere", na irrationality, njupụta nke ihe omimi na-atụghị anya, na-ahụkarị ụwa iji na-emegidekwa ndị mmadụ nwoke na eke nnwere onwe.

2. The n'ozuzu pessimistic direction bụ echiche nke "Weltschmerz", "w enweghị nchekwube" (dị ka ihe atụ, J. fictional dike. Byron A. Vigny, wdg). Na-achị 'egwu na idu ke ọjọọ "na-karịsịa n'ụzọ doro ekere ke" ejije akara aka "ma ọ bụ" ọdachi nke eke "(Ndien Hoffmann, Poe).

3. Okwukwe na pụrụ ime ihe nile spirit nke mmadụ, ya na oku maka a ọhụrụ. Litkratory meghere amaghị mgbagwoju, omimi nke mmadụ. People ha - a microcosm, a nta eluigwe na ala. N'ihi ya wee absolutisation àgwà malitere, na nkà ihe ọmụma nke ihe masịrị onye. Center nke ihunanya ọrụ mgbe a ike, ahụkebe ndị mmadụ, dị ka megide ọha na eze, ya omume ọma na ụkpụrụ norms na iwu.

naturalism

Latin maka ọdịdị - na-ede akwụkwọ na-ewu ewu nke Silver Age, nke mechara ghọọ ndị US na Europe.

atụmatụ:

1. The ọchịchọ ebumnobi, ezi na ekechicha image nke a mmadụ agwa na eziokwu ahụ bụ na n'ihi na n'ahụ gburugburu ebe obibi na uwa, ga-aghọta na ọtụtụ mgbe, dị ka a kpọmkwem ego na anụ ụlọ na gburugburu ebe obibi. Nke a adịghị egbochi na-elekọta mmadụ na akụkọ ihe mere ihe. The isi ọrụ nke n'okike - ọmụmụ nke otu na otu na njuputa nke n'okike amụ uwa, bu ihe ọmụma sayensị ka.

2. All ọrụ nkà e weere dị ka "ụmụ mmadụ akwụkwọ", isi aesthetic ibiere atụle zuru ezu na ẹkụre site ya nke akpịrị omume.

3. edemede hapụrụ moralizing, anya isi na ihe oyiyi n'ezie ezi okwu n'onwe ya. Ha chere na akwụkwọ ahụ dị ka nke ọma dị ka sayensị, ọ dịghị ikike oke nke ihe onwunwe, ma ọ bụrụ na n'ihi na ọ dịghị-erughị eru nke ndị na-ede ma ọ bụ ekwesighi-achị. N'ihi nke a n'ihu ọha enweghị mmasị na plotless mgbe pụtara na ọrụ nile nke oge.

nsiridi

Nsiridi a na-akpọ nkà na akwụkwọ n'oge narị afọ nke 20. Ọ na-ewe ya si malite na Renaissance ( "Renaissance nsiridi"), nakwa dị ka Enlightenment ( "Enlightenment nsiridi"). Nsiridi ahụ bụ nke mbụ na ochie na oge ochie akụkọ ifo, oge ochie dike.

The isi atụmatụ nke eruba:

1. Artists egosi mpụga ụwa na a n'ụzọ na-agbanwe agbanwe na ọdịdị zuru oke nke phenomena nke ụwa.

2. The nsiridi akwụkwọ gosiri a n'aka nke ihe ọmụma nke onye na gburugburu ọha mmadụ.

3. Knowledge bụ taa na-enyemaka nke ihe oyiyi, nke na-kere n'ihi na iji kọmputa ede na eziokwu nke eziokwu ( "na-ahụkarị ikuku nke na-ahụkarị ihe odide").

4. Ihe art eje ozi ndụ-ekwu art, ọbụna ọdachi esemokwu mkpebi. Nke a bụ nkà ihe ọmụma na ntọala - Nọstik ịtụkwasị obi na knowability na adequacy nke echiche nke gburugburu ụwa, nke dị iche na romanticism.

silver afọ

Edemede na ọnọdụ nke Silver Age nwere otú ahụ na atụmatụ:

• mwere nke ịdị adị nke òtù abụọ (n'ezie na extramundane);
• njirimara akara na eziokwu;
• a pụrụ iche lee anya na eke nsinammuo ka a ogbugbo na ihe oyiyi nke ụwa na ya ịghọta;
• razrabatyvanie zvukopisi a iche iche ndibọbọ uri;
• nghọta nke ụwa na akụkụ nke mystification;
• di iche iche nke ọdịnaya (ndumodu, akụkọ ifo);
• Hunt okpukpe ụdị ( "okpukpe mmetụta free");
• ottritsaetsya nsiridi.

Literature nke narị afọ nke 19 na Russia

The si malite nka mmegharị ke Russia jikọtara na-elekọta mmadụ na ideological ikuku nke ndụ nke Russian ndị - mba ịrị elu mgbe Agha Ụwa Mbụ. Ọ bụ mmalite nke ọ bụghị nanị na-eme, kamakwa pụrụ iche ọdịdị nke ntụziaka nke Decembrist ede abụ uri (atụ, akwadoghị V. K. Kyuhelbeker, KF Ryleev Ai Odoyevski), onye ọrụ bụ ndụ echiche nke obodo ọrụ, jupụtara na mmụọ nke na-alụ na volnolyubiya .

A mara mma nke Romanticism na Russian

The kasị mkpa akụkụ bụ ọsọ elu nke mmepe nke akwụkwọ Russia ná mmalite narị afọ nke 19, nke e mere site "na-eri" na ijikọta dị iche iche nkebi relive nkebi ná mba ndị ọzọ. Russian romanticism etinye obi gị dum predromanticheskie ọnọdụ tinyere na ọnọdụ nke Enlightenment na Classicism: obi abụọ banyere ọrụ nke ọgụgụ isi n'eluigwe na ala, ndị òtù nzuzo nke okike, uche, elegiac melanholizm Nchikota na kpochapụwo ịtụ nke Genres na ekwekọghị, nwayọọ didacticism, nakwa dị ka na-agha megide ngafe atụ nke "harmonic ziri ezi" .

Akhmatova maka

Edemede Akhmatova maka externally embellishing asụsụ, na-eweta ma a ezi uche ada nnọọ mfe echiche (ebe Acmeism onwe ya nēche tufuo mkpọchi nke jupụtara akwụkwọ nke afọ ndị ahụ).

In-a me heroine Akhmatova ọzọ adịghị achọ ka nke bụ ndụ n'ezie. Ha na-eche na dị iche iche ige. Ha - a nwaanyị edikpu ịhụnanya, na-eche na ha meghere a omimi nke ịhụnanya dị ka ndị dị otú ahụ adịghị adị. Ma nso nso karịa, na heroine biri pink iko na anya, niile na blissful amaghị. Ha na-na-na-eche agba, na-atụ egwu ikewapụ hụrụ n'anya, ọ bụrụ abụ, "ịhụnanya songs". Ma, ọ bụ n'ime a oge. Own nghọta anaghị amasị ha. N'amaokwu ileghara akara "kemgbe ihe niile yiri ọrịa." Ọbụna ọkaibe ezoro ezo ozi bụ doro nnọọ anya. Nwaanyị ọ bụla bụ onye chere ihu na ọnwụ nke ịhụnanya, ga na-eche otú a.

Mayakovsky

Poetry Russian usoro, nakwa dị ka a edemede emekarị Mayakovsky maka iri afọ abụọ (ruo mgbe 1920) e ji a akpan akpan richness na di iche iche: ndị a afọ ndị mmalite nke si na guzobe nke kasị oge a edemede dị iche iche na ọnọdụ, ha na-akụkọ ihe mere eme nke mmepe jikọrọ okooko nke creativity ama nka okwu. Dị nnọọ na oge maka uzo nke ihe eketịbede ọrụ dere Vladimir Mayakovsky.

Yesenin

Yesenin maara na akwụkwọ n'oge ihe siri ike maka ya. The imperialist agha, nke Russia nọ na-aka, mata na gbawara n'etiti ọzọ sharply. The gbawara n'etiti n'ohu art e zubere Russian intelligentsia n'elu gara aga narị afọ abụọ, na anyịnwa ịhụkwu nke mgbanwe ke 1907. Edemede maka Esenina decadentist na-anọchi anya ihe mbụ direction, na-agbaji na omenala akwụkwọ na oge na-aga n'ihu ụmụ amaala, ọrụ ya na-jikọtara n'okpuru pryzvami "agha na ilu ọgwụgwụ." Ọzọkwa, na nkwado nke agha Russia bụ Right SRs na Mensheviks, onye nwere oké mmetụta nke Russian intelligentsia okirikiri. Ọ na-akwado agha na a oké na-ede uri. Ka ọ dịgodị, ndị edemede na ọnọdụ nke Silver Age na ntọala ya na-abịa ka ọ la n'iyì. Amamihe na karịsịa Russian na-elekọta mmadụ ochichi onye kwuo uche ike akpọchila ọnọdụ nke akwụkwọ na nkà, na mbugharị na ma ọ bụ ịkpali ndị mgbanwe.

Russian Acmeism

Edemede emekarị Acmeism bulirila mmasị na omenala mkpakọrịta, ọ banyere n'ime a mpịakọta na aga edemede epochs. "The sorrows nke ubyvshey ụwa omenala" - ya mere O.E.Mandelshtam ekemende mata Acmeism. Ọnọdụ uche na ebumnobi "nke osisi akwụkwọ akụkọ" na omenala nke Lermontov si "ígwè amaokwu" na Gumilev; image ochie Russian Literature Dante na psychological akwụkwọ akụkọ na Anna Akhmatova; Zenkevich echiche nke eke nkà ihe ọmụma; ụwa ochie Mandelstam; na omimi ụwa nke NV Gogol na Narbut GSSkovoroda - na nke a abụghị dum ndepụta nke omenala n'ígwé na-emetụta acmeists. Onye ọ bụla n'ime Acmeists otú nwere ihe njirimara. Mgbe N.S.Gumilev ya uri kpughere "ike ahụ" na-arụ ọrụ M.A.Kuzmina ajụ oyi ji mara acmeism aestheticism, na creativity Anna Akhmatova na Yesenina mepụtara a nwayọọ nwayọọ na-mụbara ama warara ókè acmeism, na nke akara a ezi uche mmalite na ịhụ mba n'anya ebumnobi. Emepe Acmeists na nkà n'ụdị ka na-eji site na ụfọdụ oge a na-ede uri.

Edemede ọnọdụ nke narị afọ nke 20

Mbụ niile, ọ bụ nghazi ka kpochapụwo, kenchara na-adị kwa ụbọchị akụkọ ifo; nlereanya nke cyclic oge; akụkọ ifo bricolage - ọrụ wuru dị ka reminiscence collages na ịma nke mara ikwọ.

Edemede N'oge ahụ, nwere 10 mmiri:

1. Neomifologizm.

2. Autistizm.

3. The nro / eziokwu.

4. Ibu ụzọ style n'elu storyline.

5. The ederede na ederede.

6. Mbibi nke ibé.

7. Pragmatics, bụghị semantics.

8. The syntax kama okwu.

9. Observer.

10. Mebiri ụkpụrụ nke ederede coherence.