Electrolytic dissociation - otú ịghọta ya?

Ò nwetụla mgbe ị na-eche banyere ihe mere ụfọdụ ngwọta na-eduzi ọkụ eletrik, ebe ndị ọzọ na - bụghị? Ka ihe atụ, anyị nile maara na ọ bụ mma ghara iwere a bath n'otu oge etinye draya ntutu. Mgbe mmiri - a ọma eduzi eletrik, na ọ bụrụ na draya dara n'ime mmiri, na obere sekit apụghị izere. N'eziokwu, mmiri - bụghị otú ezi ugbu a eduzi. E nwere ihe ngwọta na-eduzi ọkụ eletrik ka mma. Dị otú ahụ bekee na-ezo dị ka electrolytes. Ndị a gụnyere asịd, ndọkwasi nile na mmiri-soluble salts.

Electrolytes - onye ha?

Ajụjụ na-ebilite: mere ihe ngwọta nke ụfọdụ bekee rue ọkụ, na ihe ndị ọzọ na - dịghị? The dum n'ókè nke ebubo ahụ - cations na anions. Mgbe etisasịwo mmiri, electrolytes dissociate n'ime ion, nke n'okpuru ihe nke eletrik Nkea na a gaghị agara direction. Ghaghị ebubo cations akpali n'ebe na-adịghị mma osisi - na cathode, na-ezighị ezi na ebubo anions ime ka mma ọnụ - anode. The usoro mmebi gị n'ụlọnga n'ime ion mgbe gbazee ma ọ bụ etisasịwo na mmiri nwere a mpako aha - electrolytic dissociation.

Nke a na okwu chepụtara Swedish ọkà mmụta sayensị S.Arrenius mgbe amụ Njirimara nke oke mmiri-eru na ọkụ eletrik. N'ihi nke a ka ọ na-emechikwa ihe electric circuit site a umi na-ekwe oriọna ọkụ, nke ihe ngwọta ma ọ bụ. Ọ bụrụ na onye incandescent bọlbụ ọkụ - mere ihe ngwọta enịmde ọkụ eletrik, site na nke ọ nwere ike kwubiri na umi bụ ihe electrolyte. Ọ bụrụ na ìhè nwuchapu - ngwọta na-adịghị na-eduzi ọkụ eletrik, mere, nke a umi - neelektrolit. Site neeletrolitam gụnyere sugar ngwọta, na mmanya, glucose. Ma rastory nnu, na igirigi ibu sulphuric acid na sodium hydroxide enwe oké eletrik mere aga nime ya electrolytic dissociation.

Olee otú dissociation?

Mgbe e mesịrị, ozizi electrolytic dissociation ịzụlite na ịgbakwunye Russian ọkà mmụta sayensị IA Ikiri ụkwụ na VA Kistyakovskij n'itinye ya ziri ezi chemical Ozizi ngwọta di Mendeleev.

Ndị a na-eme nnyocha achọpụtala na electrolytic dissociation nke asịd, alkalis na salts nke electrolyte emee n'ihi nke hydration, nke ahụ bụ ya na mmekọrịta ya na mmiri na ụmụ irighiri ihe. Ion, cations na anions N'ịbụ nke a ga-hydrated, na-ejikọta ya na mmiri na ụmụ irighiri ihe ndị ha na oké mgbanaka. Ha Njirimara bụ nnọọ iche na ndị na-abụghị hydrated ion.

N'ihi ya, na a ngwọta nke strontium nitrate SR (NO3) 2, nakwa dị ka cesium hydroxide CsOH ngwọta, electrolytic dissociation emee. Ihe Nlereanya nke usoro a nwere ike kwupụtara na-esonụ mmeghachi omume akụkụ :

SR (NO3) 2 = Sr2 + + 2NO3 -,

ie n'elu dissociation nke otu molekul nke strontium nitrate kpụrụ otu strontium cation, na 2-nitrate anion;

CsOH = CS + + OH-,

ie n'elu dissociation nke otu molekul nke cesium hydroxide kpụrụ a cesium cation na a hydroxide anion.

An electrolytic dissociation nke acid emee otú ahụ. nwere ike kwupụtara na-esonụ akụkụ n'ihi na usoro a hydriodic acid:

HJ = H + + CJ-,

ie n'elu dissociation hydriodic acid molekul audio kpụrụ otu hydrogen cation na otu anion nke ayodiin.

dissociation usoro.

An electrolytic dissociation nke electrolytes bekee wee na ọtụtụ nzọụkwụ. N'ihi na bekee na ionic nkekọ dị otú ahụ dị ka NaCl, NaOH, usoro a mejupụtara atọ zipụta ha n'usoro Filiks:

• mbụ mmiri ụmụ irighiri na-enwe abụọ abụghị okporo osisi (nti na-adịghị mma) na emejupụta a dipole gbakwasara na ion crystal. The mma osisi, ha na-mmasị na-ezighị ezi ion crystal, na Anglịkan, ndị na-adịghị mma ọnụ - ha mma ion na crystal;

• mgbe emee hydration ion dipoles crystal mmiri,

• na nanị mgbe nke a dị ka ndị hydrated ion ka diverge dị iche iche ntụziaka na-amalite na ịga na a ngwọta ma gbazee enweghị usoro dị ka ogologo oge ka ha ga-arụ ọrụ na electric ubi.

  N'ihi na bekee na covalent pola nkekọ dị otú ahụ dị ka HCl na ndị ọzọ na asịd, na dissociation usoro yiri nke ahụ, ma e wezụga na ndị mbụ nzọụkwụ bụ covalent nkekọ na-ntughari ion site n'oru nke mmiri dipoles. Ndị a na-egosi ihe bekee dissociation Ozizi.