Ọrụ na ike nke eletrik

Na nke ọ bụla mechiri emechi circuit compulsorily esetịpụ abụọ ume akakabarede. Na a mgbanwe nke ugbu a isi iyi ka nke ọ bụla ume (e.g., generator - machining) n'ime ọkụ eletriki ike, na a circuit ugbu a na-ọzọ converted n'ime ego nke ume Ẹkot na obiọma. Tụọ akakabarede circuit eletrik na ihe ọ bụla nke ndị ọzọ na ụdị nke ike - uru nke ugbu a ime ihe.

Ma, anyị na-aghọta na ọrụ na ike nke electric ugbu a bụ ọrụ nke electric ubi ike, na-akpụ akpụ na ebubo; ya mere, ọ dị mfe iji gbakọọ.

Arụ ọrụ na nyefe nke electric ebubo na electric ubi ọnụ ahịa site ngwaahịa bufee ego nke ụgwọ nwere ihe dị iche n'etiti ihe ná mmalite na njedebe nke nyefe, i.e. na voltaji:

A = qU.

O doro anya na nke a ruru nwere ike ọdabara nwale nke echiche dị otú ahụ dị ka ọrụ na ike nke electric ugbu a. Banyere size nke ụgwọ, gafeworonụ na yinye, anyị nwere ike ikpe site na nke ugbu a na-eru na circuit, na oge nke ya omume, dị ka q = It.

Iji mmekọrịta dị otú ahụ, anyị na-enweta a usoro na-egosi uru nke ugbu a na-arụ ọrụ na a iche iche nke yinye, inwe voltaji U:

A = UIt.

Ọrụ na ike nke eletrik tụrụ na ndị na-esonụ otú: ma ọ bụrụ na nke ugbu a tụrụ na amperes, oge na sekọnd, na voltaji na Volts, ọrụ - na joules (J).

N'ihi ya, 1 joule = 1 volt amperes x 1 x 1 abụọ.

Power tụrụ site watts (W):

1 watt = 1 joule / 1 sekọnd, ma ọ bụ 1 watt = 1 x 1 volt amperes.

Ajụjụ nke ịgbakọ uru nke ugbu a na-arụ ọrụ na mpaghara ebe a kpam kpam na-agbasaghị ajụjụ nke ihe ụdị ike ga-atụgharị na saịtị eletriki ike. Nke a na-arụ ọrụ bụ a ike ụfọdụ, ghọọ ndị ọzọ iche-iche.

Electric ugbu a ebu na ime nwere ike ikpo elu na filament bulbs,-agbaze ọla, bugharia armature nke moto, ime ka chemical akakabarede, wdg Ọrụ na ike nke eletrik na ihe nile ikpe, chọpụta larịị nke electric ike akakabarede n'ime ọzọ forms - n'ibu ike, ume nke thermal ngagharị, wdg

Ịmara na ike P = A / t, pụrụ inweta a usoro nke ugbu a ike na gbakọọ na otu saịtị Chains

P = UI.

Ọrụ na ike nke DC nwere ike gbakọọ site na iji ndị formulas na ihe ammeter, voltmeter. Na omume, na ime ihe nke electric ubi tụrụ site a pụrụ iche ngwaọrụ - counter. Agafe mita, n'ime ya amalite ime ọsọ fechaa aluminum disk, na ya adiana-agba bụ ra nrata ka amperage na voltaji. The ọnụ ọgụgụ nke revolutions, nke ọ ga-eme, n'ihi na ụfọdụ oge, ga-enyere na iru nkwubi okwu banyere zuru okè n'ihi na oge a nke na-arụ ọrụ. Eletrik mita nwere ike hụrụ na onye ọ bụla ulo.

AC ike tụrụ iji a pụrụ iche ngwaọrụ - a ike mita. Ke ngwa nke a na ngwaọrụ na-kwekọọ n'ụkpụrụ voltmeter na ammeter.

Ọtụtụ eletriki ngwa oru na ngwaọrụ na-egosi ha ike. . Ka ihe atụ, ike nwere ike ịbụ ihe incandescent bọlbụ 25 W, 75 W, wdg, na ike nke agụụ Cleaner ma ọ bụ ígwè nke banyere 1000 W, electric ike nwere ike iru nnọọ elu ụkpụrụ - ruo ọtụtụ puku kilowatts. Na nke a, na-n'uche na nke ugbu a ike, nke na-aga site a akpan akpan ngwaọrụ.

Work na AC ike na-gbakọọ dị iche iche. N'ihi ya, gbakọọ ọrụ mere site nwetụ ugbu a maka ụfọdụ oge, otu onye nwere ike iji usoro:

P = 1 / 2I₀U₀ cos φ. Ọtụtụ mgbe a akụkụ e dere n'ụdị a: P = IU cos φ, ebe m na U - ụkpụrụ nke voltaji na ugbu a, nke 2 ugboro nta karịa ndị kwekọrọ ekwekọ njupụta ụkpụrụ.

The usoro maka ịgbakọ AC ike bụ otu ihe ahụ dị ka maka DC.

Units nke ike na-arụ ọrụ:

1 watt na abụọ = 1 J 1 Wh = 3600 J;

Hectowatt 1 hour J = 360.000;

1 kWh = 3600000dzh.

Units nke ike:

1 ampere volt = 1 W;

1 hectowatt = 100 W;

1 kilowatt = 1000 watts.