Environmental nsogbu na tundra mpaghara. Gịnị a na-eme iji chebe eke ebe?

Tundra - eke ebe, ọ bụghị ihe na-amasị anya na lush ahịhịa. Ọ nwere ike na-zụlite ma ndụ ntule na-emegharị ka njọ. Na-adịbeghị anya, nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi ndị ihe na-aggravated na tundra mpaghara, unrecognizable mgbanwe ihu ebe. Emepe emepe na extractive ọrụ, iga na nhazi ụlọ ọrụ. Environmental òtù na nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi na-enwe nchegbu banyere mgbanwe na-ewere ọnọdụ, a sikwuoro nke ọnọdụ nke Arctic gburugburu.

Atụmatụ nke tundra dị ka eke ebe

Northern treeless region na a predominance nke akpaetu na lichen gbatịrị dị n'ikperé na agwaetiti na akụkụ nke Arctic Ocean. The isi distinguishing atụmatụ a eke ebe - ihu igwe siri ike na enweghị oke ohia. Na tundra uru ohiri isi na-eto eto osisi na-emighị emi mgbọrọgwụ usoro. Summer nzube ka ha meworo a mkpa n'elu oyi akwa bụ ogbenye na humus ala, gbatịrị n'okpuru permafrost.

Relief na tundra bụ iche iche: ọgụgụ di ala ala interspersed na ugwu nta. Ọdịdị nke elu nwere ike ịbụ peaty, nkume ma ọ bụ apịtị dị. On n'elu Northern Urals na n'ihu n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ ugwu tundra nkịtị.

Ihu igwe siri ike nke tundra

Nkebi ahịrịokwu a eke ebe na-enwe site 6 8 ọnwa na afọ. Spring na ihe n'ụba ìhè anyanwụ na okpomọkụ ọnọdụ pola ụbọchị ezughị. Summer na-agwụcha anya, na August ama malitere ọjọọ ihu igwe, mmiri ozuzo na snow. Fọrọ nke nta n'otu oge na oyi na polar abalị amalite, oge nke ruo ọnwa isii. The anyanwụ adịghị n'elu mmiri, kama n'ụbọchị e a oge reminiscent nke mgbede, mgbe na elu na-ahụ anya ọbara ọbara streak chi ọbụbọ. Environmental nsogbu na tundra nwere obere na-eme na ogo nke ihu igwe, ma na ọdịdị nke vulnerability. A mkpa oyi akwa nke ala na-adị mfe ebibi site caterpillars niile na-teren wiil na skids ọzọ ụdịdị nke iga. Mebiri nke mgbọrọgwụ usoro na-eduga ná ọnwụ nke osisi.

atụmatụ ahịhịa

Ihe ka ọtụtụ n'ime osisi na tundra elu ohiri isi ma ọ bụ na a na-akpụ akpụ ụdị - na ha na-enwe n'ala ị ga na epupụta. Ọ bụ mfe ịnọgide na-enwe vegetative akụkụ n'okpuru a mkpa blanket nke snow na oké ifufe. Ọtụtụ nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi na tundra mpaghara n'ihi na eziokwu na mmepe, ọzụzụ, na mkpụrụ osisi na osisi adabara naanị 2 ọnwa obere okpomọkụ. Okooko osisi nwere imeghari. Ụfọdụ Switched vegetative propagation, ndị ọzọ na-ejigide na mkpụrụ osisi na osisi n'okpuru snow ruo mgbe ọzọ n'oge okpomọkụ. The mbụ nhọrọ ukwuu enwekwu Ohere nke lanarị evolutionary umu. Mgbe vegetative Mgbasa bụ ọ dịghị nsogbu n'ihi na nke na-apụghị ime nke pollination okooko osisi site na ụmụ ahụhụ ma ọ bụ anụmanụ ndị ọzọ.

Na tundra osisi na osisi, ha na-nzọ ụkwụ. Ọtụtụ mgbe obere ọhịa nke pola willow, Dwarf birch eto tinyere bịara n'ikperé mmiri nke osimiri ebe ala dị mma thaws. Na tundra ọtụtụ beri bushes (berry, blueberries, cloudberries, berry).

nsogbu tundra

A ịrịba akụkụ nke tundra dabeere na n'ụsọ oké osimiri, ma osisi na-mgbe niile na-enweghị mmiri. Ọdịda na mpaghara ebe a dara na nkezi 200 ml / afọ, predominantly n'ụdị okpomọkụ mmiri ozuzo. Mmiri oyi na-agụghị oké etinye obi gị dum site na mgbọrọgwụ nke osisi, ke adianade do, ọ na-adịghị ihihi n'ime ala nke permafrost. Na ala okpomọkụ, na obere ọdịda hụrụ ngafe hydration, nke njọ nke nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi na tundra.

N'ebe nile ọ bụ na mmiri na-egbu osisi, ọ gaghịzi oxygen ọkọnọ nke ala osisi akụkụ. Kpụrụ tundra gley ala - a pụrụ iche ụdị mkpụrụ na obere humus ọdịnaya na a nnukwu ego nke mmiri. Na mbibi nke ala ahịhịa na-aghọ daa ogbenye. Animals na-amanye na-akpagharị karịrị anya ma ọ bụ na-anwụ anwụ aguu.

Ịchekwa kọntaktị na ilekota nke tundra

Ka anyị nye a ihe atụ iji gosi na mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ndị eke Efrata na tundra. Otu n'ime ihe ndị dị iche iche nke ntule na nke a nkebi a na n'ozuzu kpọrọ "reindeer akpaetu". Nke a bụ tumadi reindeer akpaetu, nke na-ezo aka lichen genus cladonia. Na Mbelata nke ebe ji site ha gụnyere ụfọdụ nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi na tundra mpaghara. Mgbada-eri nri na akpaetu, mbenata ya nso nwere a ezighị ezi mmetụta na ndị bi na ọnọdụ dị iche iche na ụmụ anụmanụ. Ọkpọ reindeer akpaetu emebi ke Ngwuputa, okporo ụzọ na-ewu, residential ebe na ulo oru osisi. Anyị depụta isi nsogbu na ilekota nke tundra na mmadụ aka:

• ala nsogbu;
• ọnwụ nke biodiversity;
• mmetọ nke ọdịdị dị ka a n'ihi nke mmịpụta nke ngwaọrụ;
• ìgwè ezinụlọ na ulo oru wastes;
• Ịtabiga ahịhịa ókè na reindeer ịta ahịhịa;
• impoverishment nke fauna dị ka a n'ihi nke poaching.

Ịzọpụta tundra ẹkenam mgbochi grazing ele, gburugburu ebe obibi-ahụ na ehi ahụ na-distilled na oge n'ebe ndị ọzọ. N'oge ndị na-ewu nke mmanụ na gas pipelines ẹka ịmụba ọnụ ọgụgụ nke-ahụkarị osisi na ụmụ anụmanụ. E nwere a mgba megide poaching, nke ifịk ifịk sonyeere mkpara nke tundra mee na ebe nsọ. Ọ na-e n'okpuru nchebe nke obere na-n'ihe ize ndụ ụmụ anụmanụ na osisi.