GAZ-46: nkọwa na nkọwa

Gorky Automobile Plant emepụta a otutu ụgbọala kwesịrị ebe nchekwa nke ọgbọ. Nti bụ isi nlereanya, na dabeere na ha na igwe dị iche iche na nzube. Osisi oku agbala na ndabere nke GAZ-69 moto jiipu GAZ-46 "Amphibian".

Background of

Ahụmahụ nke Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ gosiri na-eme na adịghị ike nke ndị Soviet na ngwá agha, nakwa dị ka gaps ya e kere eke. Sere n'elu ụgbọ ala bụ na ndị agha.

Natara n'okpuru ibinye-mgbazinye anọ na-wheel-mbanye Ford GPA amphibian na isii-wheeled gwongworo DUKW facilitated ịgafe nke osimiri na Eastern Europe n'oge iwe sovestskih agha na Nazi Germany.

N'ezie, nke a na Usoro e on a dee, na ozugbo na mgbe agha na-adịte plan re-tinyere ndị ọzọ gụnyere ma njem na ibu Gators.

N'ụzọ bụ isi nwere mmasị na ọchịagha nke fechaa ụgbọ ala ike boosting mmiri mgbochi na aga na otu ìgwè na armored ugbo ala.

Ibu DUKW mbụ prototype nke ZIS-485 - nnukwu ụgbọ ala Waterfowl (Bas). Analogue sere n'elu SUV Ford GPA na ghọrọ karịrị oge, ndị GAZ-46 ụgbọ ala nke Mauritius Small natatorial.

History nke sere n'elu ụgbọ ala

Ndị agha nọ nnọọ mmasị ụdị nkà na ụzụ na-ama na 1948 Research Engine Institute (NAMI) malitere na nnọchite nke Council nke Ozi na Ministry of ụgbọala na traktọ ụlọ ọrụ mmepe amphibians dabeere na a ọma n'elu ikpo okwu SUV GAZ-67. The okwu nke akwụkwọ kwuru banyere nkà na ụzụ, mere maka iga site ala na oké osimiri na ndi oru ugbo na sabotaji iche iche nke mmadụ isii ma ọ bụ 500 n'arọ nke ibu, towing na mmiri ìhè trailers, pontoons na ndị ọzọ na-ese n'elu mmiri ụlọ ọrụ na-eji engineering agha.

The mbụ ụdị a na-akpọ NAMI-011, na-agafe interdepartmental ule na na-na-atụ aro maka nkuchi ndị agha, n'agbanyeghị eziokwu na imewe bụ crude.

Production nke amphibians E boro ya ebubo Gorky. Osisi ọkachamara nwere ọtụtụ mgbanwe na imewe, rụọ arụmọrụ nke igwe, nke mere nnọọ dị ka arụzi nke GAZ-67.

Site 1951 1953, mbụ ogbe nke ígwè ịbanye agha a na-akpọ GAZ-011 na ndokwa ndị agha na e nwere ndị dị oké njọ isi ike na-emepe emepe na mmejuputa mma ụgbọ ala GAZ-46, bụ nke were n'ime akaụntụ comments aga nlereanya na tutu amama ọtụtụ n'ime ya-adịghị emezi emezi.

Trailed oké njọ aghụghọ, na-efe efe isi, gbanwere ochichi, ma n'ikpeazụ, a ụgbọala ọhụrụ dabeere na ihe oge a GAZ-69 tọhapụrụ.

Dị mwute ikwu na, ọ na-emepụta amphibious ogologo tupu ọgwụgwụ nke fifties, n'ihi na n'oge agha ọtụtụ iri afọ, agbanweela bụghị naanị technology ma a tactic agha, na ìhè Gators ghọrọ-enweghị isi. Ke adianade do, na mmepụta isi nke GAZ-69 e zoro aka Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant, ebe ọ gaghị ekwe omume na-emepụta amphibians kpere arụmọrụ ihe.

Description amphibians

Buoyancy Waterfowl igwe-enye a welded ígwè ụlọ na etiti nke igbe profaịlụ. Chassis na nnyefe ndị ahụ GAZ-69, na ndị engine - si ụgbọ ala "Pobeda" GAZ-M20.

Nyefe ikpe ihe ọzọ aro maka na propela na atọ pupụtara, na-echebe megide mmebi si n'okpuru ike aak. Ukwu na cables arụnyere na n'iru kọlụm na njikọ ya na mmiri wheel, nke a na enịm ke a mmiri ugboelu kere site ịghasa.

na ọ bụ ike belata a obere nsogbu ka mma cross na silty teren taya, na-enweghị atụ egwu na wiil kụrụ mmiri. All wiring a kpụrụ na-akàrà eletriki njikọ, ọ dịghị mkpa ka e chebe na nkesa, ebe ọ bụ na kpamkpam anọkwasị.

Arụnyere na dashboard ịdọ aka ná ntị ìhè ịchịkwa ingress nke mmiri n'ime ejidere. Na foredeck GAZ-46 ewepụtara mofla na tailpipe. Otú ọ dị, mkpọtụ si mofla ike nke na ndị unmasked ụgbọ ala. N'aka nke ọzọ ụta oche dị n'olu tank ike, i.e. ma ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa ka gbanye mmanu na mmanụ ụgbọala tank nwere ike ịbụ na na mmiri.

Housing sere n'elu ụgbọ ala

Housing Gaz 46 pontoon ụdị kpụrụ enweghị windo, na-ekewa atọ compartments site transverse mgbidi. The ụta ogige bụ engine-nnyefe ogige. The Central ogige bụ a kokpiiti arụ ọrụ na njem n'azụ bụ akpa nkewa.

Na imi dị Changeover nke itunanya efere nke a na-akpọlite tupu abanye na mmiri. Ọ na-egbochi "eli" imi n'ime mmiri, na-echebe ikuku oriri maka obi jụrụ ndị moto na Central ogige si na mmiri.

Dị n'agbata nnukwu ọkụ maka mooring bollard amphibian na mmiri na capstan maka nnapụta boi.

N'elu aru, menjuobi n'ịnyịnya ujo absorbers. The n'azụ elu n'elu ikpo okwu stacked mapụtara wheel.

Tagzi GAZ-46

ụlọ imewe, ma ọ bụrụ na nke a na ọ bụ ihe kwesịrị ekwesị ka oké definition nke spartan mfe dị ka amphibian e mere na ntuziaka nke ndị agha. Nkasi Obi Maka ma-arụ ọrụ ma ọ bụ njem na-adịghị nyere. Na n'ozuzu, ọ bụ maka aha nke ụgbọ ala GAZ-46, kama dị ka a ụgbọ mmiri. The ngwá panel kpamkpam biiri si GAZ-69. Nzipu levers aka nri nke onye na-akwọ. Brackets ọhụrụ udi na pedal ndị nso onye ọ bụla ọzọ na-eme ka ọ dị ka obere ka o kwere na nkà na ụzụ oghere site na nke mmiri nwere ike tinye na ejidere. windshield etiti-etinye na enyeghachi ya okpukpu anọ nke njem ogige nwere ike kpuchie tarpaulin.

The n'ihu Ahịrị nke oche mejupụtara abụọ oche: n'ihi na ọchịagha na-akwọ ụgbọala. Behind ha arụnyere Mmaji bench enweghị mgbanwe.

Na tagzi maka ala nke mmezi bụ mmanụ ụgbọala iyo.

engine amphibians

Gorky eji GAZ-46 engines si n'otu ezinụlọ, nke na-agbala na mmepụta mgbe Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ. Ha petrol (mmanụ ụgbọala nwere ike ji mee ọbụna ihe octane nọmba 66), anọ na-strok Otto, a olu nke 2.1 lita.

The Motors 20 na M-GAS-69 na-fọrọ nke nta ka yiri na Ọdịdị na mkpokọta akụkụ. GAZ-69 na ike nke 55 lita. s., maka Waterfowl ígwè bụ ihe kwesịrị ekwesị n'ihi na ọ na-onwem na mmanụ oyi, nke na-adịghị achọ ịfụ ikuku na elu gbapụrụ ọsọ, nke na-apụghị izere ezere mgbe na-akpụ akpụ na mmiri.

Engine ike na "Win", nke bụ isi, ọ bụghị ọtụtụ ala - 52 lita. a.

N'ihi na engine bụ ikuku ohere na-ole, okpomọkụ exchangers na mmiri nke oké osimiri jụrụ circuit na-nyere site ná mmalite ka obi jụrụ ndị ike osisi.

M20 otu ndị engines bụ otú a pụrụ ịdabere na-eyi na-eguzogide, ọ ka na-agba ọsọ na okenye ígwè ọrụ. Ha na-mfe, mmezi na idozi, ma ebe a bụ ebe na-arụnyere na a warara na miri n'ọnụ mmiri na-eme ka ọ imperceptible ùgwù na GAZ-46.

Nzipu amphibians

Vehicle onwem na a atọ-ogbo ntuziaka nnyefe na atọ nnyefe oke Kwadobe 3.115, 1.772 na 1.0, karị, na na azụ - 3.738. Nyefee ikpe - sọrọ-ogbo, na gia oke nke 1,15 na 2,78. The gia ruru na conical isi nnyefe na a helical nha nha - 5.125, na n'iru usoro, nke bụ a globoid worm na abụọ ala - 18.2.

Clutch - akọrọ otu efere. Chocks, ọrụ - na niile anọ wiil na haịdrọlik mbanye si pedal, na-adọba ụgbọala - na nnyefe na a ntuziaka n'ibu drive.

Nka na ụzụ e ji mara ndị GAZ-46 ụgbọ ala

General ozi anya-ụzọ:

- na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ebe: 5 ma ọ bụ 2 + 500 kg;

- arọ: 1,85 tọn enweghị ibu;

- akụkụ nke ogologo × obosara × elu (hundu bụ): 5,06 × 1,735 × 2,04 m;

- WB: 2.3 m;

- n'ala nwechapụ n'okpuru axles (full ibu): 210 mm;

- mbịne okirikiri na ọtụtụ na projecting akụkụ - 6.5 m.

Nweekwa Gaz 46 nwere a top ọsọ nke 90 km / h, nkezi - 48 km / h, maka mmiri - 9 km / hour.

Highway mmanụ ụgbọala oriri bụ 17 lita kwa 100 km, mgbe ejegharị ejegharị na mmiri dị mkpa mmanụ ụgbọala 16.5 lita kwa hour na ala ike idobere - 500 km, sere n'elu - 6 awa. Iji merie ọwa ụgbọala bụghị ike, ná mkpọda dị ya - 60%.

New ndụ ochie amphibians

N'ihi na ihe karịrị ọkara otu narị afọ agafeela kemgbe ntọhapụ nke ndị ọhụrụ igwe, nchara-kasị na n'akụkụ peeji nke agha nkeji nke ụgbọala wee maka scrap, ma ekele Fans retromobiles ụfọdụ n'ime ha ndụ ọhụrụ e nyere ya.

Taa uche-ekwu ihe ndị mara mma nke ahụ ahụ na ya na nchekwa. Agbanyeghị, mgbake ya na-ewe obere oge na mgbalị. Ma engine e gbanwere a ọzọ dị ike na "Volga" GAS 24/31. 46th GAZ na ibu dịrị ihe karịa abụọ na ọkara tọn, na M20 engine maka ọ na-atụle na-adịghị ike. Otú ọ dị, ka ajụkwa a oge a na petrol engine kọrọ otu ikuku na ejidere, na-arụ ọrụ kasị mma na ọnọdụ ndị dị otú ahụ dizel. Nkume ọkachamara nwa afọ ntuziaka nnyefe, razdatku, ịghasa, àkwà mmiri, capstan, a mgbapụta maka pumping na mmiri na ngwa (!). Ọ bụ ezie na àkwà mmiri na-enweghị igbochi ugbu a ọkwọ ụgbọala na-adịghị aghọta, ịgbanwe ha na ndị agha. Wheels, eleghị anya, ugbu a na-ahụghị, otú ka a "anya ikwu" - UAZ.

Amphibian ná mba ọzọ

Fans nke sere n'elu ụgbọala nwere n'ụwa nile. A pụtara ìhè ihe atụ bụ ihe omume bụ chọrọ-Trarbach (Germany) na August 2014, mgbe osimiri Moselle amphibian nwe gbakọtara na ha ụgbọala. Ha na-enwe ihe ngosi na n'okporo ụzọ, osimiri ụmụ.

N'izu m kere a ezumike, ememe na technical echiche. Ọ e gara site banyere iri isii dị iche iche ụgbọala, gụnyere ndị pụrụ iche n'ụlọ-mere amphibious.

Ọ bụ na-akpali na ọtụtụ n'ime ya mgbe e sere n'elu SUV Ford GPA (e iri na anọ), nke jere ozi dị prototype maka GAZ-46. Photo-egosi nke a mmekọrịta ọbụna taa. On top picture Ford, na n'okpuru sere n'elu Russian SUV (e ise na a nzukọ). Site n'ụzọ, otu bụ DUKW gwongworo na Porsche Schwimmwagens, sonye Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ Wehrmacht agha.

ụdị amphibians

GAZ-46 ama okpono n'okpuru nọmba 100 ịbanye collection nke ụdị nke Russian ọkà mmụta sayensị na magazin na-akụzi banyere Soviet ụgbọala "Avtolegendy na USSR." The akwụkwọ a raara nye otu nlereanya, a na-ebipụta ugboro abụọ a ọnwa na gụnyere mmasị bụ a oyiri nke a mkpoko ụgbọ ala, mere na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke 1: 43 na China site Italian ụlọ ọrụ DeAgostini. The kwuru ebipụta ọsọ bụ 120,000 mbipụta. Ọchịchịrị akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ igwe, n'ihi na otú a ọnụ ọgụgụ zuru ezu ezu na-arụ ọrụ n'ụzọ zuru ezu, ma ndị ọkachamara na-ekwu na wiil ndị nlereanya n'ụlọ, na-emebi ọdịdị nke tent. Nlereanya na-agbajikwa ala n'ime anọ n'akụkụ: ahụ, ime, na ala na kasị unsightly tent.

Mere nlereanya nke amphibian ke otu ọnụ ọgụgụ na ogbako "Ural agụ nkwọ" na Yekaterinburg, ọ bụghị naanị akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, ma ndị ọzọ ji achọ na agba, dị ka-acha anụnụ anụnụ ma ọ bụ ọbara ọbara.

GAZ-46 commercially emepụta ruo mgbe ọgwụgwụ nke 1958 na enweghị mgbanwe a, ọ nọgidere na-arụ ọrụ ruo ihe karịrị iri atọ na afọ, ọ bụ ezie na dị ka a nyoputa onyeiro ugbo ala ama na e ji mee ihe BRDM. Amphibians nọ ọrụ pontoon akwa regiments na ferrying Airborne battalions bụghị nanị na Soviet Union, ma na mba nke na-Warsaw mmeko. Ọ na-amaghị otú ọtụtụ ụgbọala na na egwu taa, ma ha na-, n'ụzọ kwesịrị ekwesị na-elekọta ndị nwe-ebu on azu ma ọ bụ ịchụ nta na ndị na isiokwu nke ziri ezi na nganga, na-ekere òkè ngosipụta nke pụrụ iche akụrụngwa.