Gịnị bụ aha na anya nke anyị Galaxy. The aha kpakpando anyị galaxy

Kpakpando elu-igwe site n'oge ochie dọtara ndị mmadụ si ele. The kacha mma uche nke mba nile gbalịrị ịghọta ọnọdụ anyị na ala, were na ziri ezi ya na ngwaọrụ. Scientific ọganihu o kwere ka ha na-aga na ịgagharị sara expanses nke cosmos si ihunanya na okpukpe chepụtara ka ezi uche kwupụtara chepụtara, dabeere na ọtụtụ eziokwu na ihe onwunwe. Ugbu a, ọ bụla na-amụrụ nwere otu echiche nke ihe ya anya ka anyị galaxy dị ka-adịbeghị anya ọmụmụ, bụ ndị na, mere, na mgbe o nyere ya dị otú ahụ a uri aha, na ihe bụ nke ya na-eme atụmatụ n'ọdịnihu.

Malite aha

Okwu ahụ bụ "Milky Way" N'ezie, a tautology. Galactikos na Olee ihe enyemaka si n'asụsụ Grik sụgharịa n'aka "Milky". Ya mere ndị bi Peloponnese a na-akpọ a ụyọkọ kpakpando na mbara igwe n'abalị, n'ikwu ya si malite ka Hera-acha ọkụ ọkụ na chi nwaanyị achọghị na-eri nri Heracles, kwatara n'iko nwa Zeus, na iwe squirt mmiri ara. Tụlee na kpụrụ a stellar track hụrụ na anya ehihie na abalị. A na narị afọ mgbe e mesịrị, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị chọpụtara na kwuru, ụwa - na a obere akụkụ nke ẹdude n'eluigwe. The ohere nke eluigwe na ala, nke bụ mbara ala anyị, ha nyere aha nke Galaxy ma ọ bụ Milky Way usoro. Mgbe ikwado ọtụtụ ndị chere nke ịdị adị nke ndị ọzọ yiri iche iche na ohere mbụ ghọrọ a okwu ha eluigwe na ala.

n'ime na-ele

Scientific ihe ọmụma banyere ihe owuwu nke eluigwe na ala, gụnyere usoro mbara igwe, obere na-e si ndị Grik oge ochie. Ịghọta otú anyị galaxy anya dị ka, nwere, ghọrọ usoro site na a * Tụkwasị na eluigwe na ala nke Aristotle na oge a na-ekwu bụ nke ohere nwa oghere na ọchịchịrị okwu.

Eziokwu ahụ bụ na Earth - usoro mmewere Milky Way, na-eweta ihe mgbochi ụfọdụ na ndị na-agbalị chepụta ihe ụdị udi bụ anyị galaxy. N'ihi na ihe doro nnọọ anya azịza nke ajụjụ a na-achọ a na-ele si n'èzí, na a dị anya ihe chọpụtara. Ugbu a ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na-efunahụ ndị dị otú a ga-ekwe omume. A ụdị dochie anya n'èzí nke hụrụ na-aghọ collection of galaxy Ọdịdị nke ahụ data na ha mmekọrịta na kwa nke ọzọ ohere dabeere na usoro, maka ọmụmụ.

The anakọtara data ekwe ka anyị na-ekwu na obi ike na anyị galaxy nwere a diski udi na a ntopute (ntopute) n'etiti na diverging si center nke gburugburu ogwe aka. Nke ikpeazụ nwere na-egbuke egbuke kpakpando usoro. dayameta nke diski bụ karịa 100,000 ìhè-afọ.

Ọdịdị

Galactic Center na-ezo site na interstellar ájá, nke na-egbochi na-amụta usoro. Nyere ịnagide nsogbu nke ụzọ nke radio mbara igwe. Na kpọmkwem wavelengths nwere ike mfe imeri ihe mgbochi ọ bụla na-enye a ukwuu chọrọ image. Anyị Galaxy, na data nwetara, a heterogeneous Ọdịdị.

Conventionally, e nwere abụọ metụtara mmewere na onye ọ bụla ọzọ: okirikiri ọkụ n'isi na kwesịrị ekwesị diski. The mbụ subsystem nwere ndị na-esonụ e ji mara:

• udi bụ a okirikiri;

• ọ na-atụle ga-etiti nke ntopute;
• kasị elu ịta kpakpando okirikiri ọkụ n'isi ndị e ji amata ya etiti akụkụ, na obibia nke n'ọnụ nke njupụta na-ukwuu belata;
• adiana nke galaxy mpaghara kama jiri;
• na okirikiri ọkụ n'isi hụrụ tumadi ochie kpakpando na a dịtụ ala ibu;
• ohere subsystems jupụtara ọchịchịrị okwu.

Galactic disk nke kpakpando njupụta dị nnọọ ukwuu karịa okirikiri ọkụ n'isi. The aka uwe izute-eto eto na ọbụna dị nnọọ abụrụ ohere ihe.

Center ma isi

"Obi" nke Milky Way bụ na ndị ìgwè kpakpando nke Sagittarius. Enweghị na-amụ ya siri ike ịghọta n'ụzọ zuru ezu ihe anyị galaxy. The aha "isi" na nkà mmụta sayensị na ọrụ ma ọ bụ na-emetụta nanị Central mpaghara na a dayameta nke a ole na ole parsecs, ma ọ bụ na-agụnye a ntopute na a gas mgbanaka, nke a na-ewere na ebe omumu nke kpakpando. Ọzọ, a mbụ n'onwe ga-eji okwu.

Na etiti nke Milky Way anaghị ngwa ngwa banye n'ime anya ìhè: o na-eche ihu na a ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke w ájá odịbe anya nke anyị galaxy. Photos na ihe oyiyi, iwere na infrared wavelengths, enyocha mbara igwe nke ukwuu mụbaa ihe ọmụma banyere kernel.

Data na radieshon karịsịa akụkụ nke Galaxy kpaliri ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị kweere na, isi nke isi bụ a nwa onu. Ya uka bụ karịa 2.5 nde ugboro uka nke anyanwụ. Around a ihe, dị ka na-eme nnyocha, ọ na-agba gburugburu otu ihe, ma na-erughị nnukwu na kwa, na nwa onu. Ugbu ihe ọmụma banyere atụmatụ nke Ọdịdị nke ahụ cosmos-atụ aro na ndị a ihe ndị na etiti nke kasị ụyọkọ kpakpando.

Ìhè na ọchịchịrị

The jikọtara mmetụta nke nwa oghere na ngagharị nke kpakpando na-eweta banyere mgbanwe anya nke anyị galaxy: ọ na-eduga kpọmkwem mgbanwe orbits nke n'eluigwe uncharacteristically, ihe atụ, na nso nso usoro mbara igwe. The ọmụmụ ndị a trajectories na ruru nke velocities na anya si galactic center ụgha na ntọala na-now ifịk ifịk na-emepe emepe ozizi nke ọchịchịrị okwu. Ọdịdị nke ya ogologo ekpuchiworị omimi. Ọnụnọ nke ọchịchịrị okwu, presumably karịrị n'ọnụ ọgụgụ akụrụngwa nke ihe nile dị n'eluigwe na ụwa a na-dere na na mmetụta nke ike ndọda dị na orbit.

Ọ bụrụ na ẹbọhọ niile w ájá na odịbe si anyị na isi anya-emeghe a pụtara ìhè picture. N'agbanyeghị ịta nke ọchịchịrị okwu, a na akụkụ nke eluigwe na ala bụ ihe jupụtara ìhè enwupụta a nnukwu ọnụ ọgụgụ kpakpando. Otu unit ohere ha nwere ọtụtụ narị ugboro elu karịa nso anyanwụ. Odika iri ijeri nke ha na-etolite na galactic mmanya, na-akpọ a àkwà mmiri, abụchaghị na mbụ ụdị.

Space nut

The ọmụmụ center nke usoro ke ogologo nso omume na-enweta ihe ọmụma zuru ezu infrared image. Anyị galaxy, dị ka ọ tụgharịa si, na ntọala nwere a Ọdịdị reminiscent ahụekere ke shei. Nke a "aku" na nwere a i papuas, nke na-agụnye ihe karịrị nde 20 red Refeyim (na-egbuke egbuke, ma obere na-ekpo ọkụ kpakpando). Si na nsọtụ nke mmanya dịgasị iche gburugburu ogwe aka nke Milky Way.

Ọrụ metụtara nchọpụta nke "ahuekere" na center nke usoro mbara igwe, ọ bụghị naanị ghọtakwuo otú anyị galaxy Ọdịdị, kamakwa aka ịghọta otú ọ ghọrọ usoro. Ná mmalite, na ohere nke cosmos enwere a isi disk, nke kpụrụ a akwa n'elu oge. N'okpuru nduzi nke esịtidem Filiks nke mmanya gbanwere ya ụdị na ghọrọ a ụda ka a nut.

Ụlọ anyị bụ na ohere map

Active kpakpando guzobere-ewe ebe akwa, na gburugburu ogwe aka, nke nwere anyị galaxy. The aha e nyere ha na ìgwè kpakpando, nke akpa nkata alaka ahuru: Perseus Ogwe aka, Cygnus, Centaurus, Sagittarius na Orion. Near nke ikpeazụ (na a anya nke bụghị ihe na-erughị 28 puku ìhè afọ site na ntọala) na bụ usoro mbara igwe. Nke a mpaghara nwere ụfọdụ e ji mara, dị ka ndị ọkachamara, mere omume ntoputa nke ndụ na Earth.

Galaxy na usoro mbara igwe anyị bugharia na ya. Iwu nke ngagharị nke onye mmiri na nke a abụghị otu. A ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke kpakpando mgbe ụfọdụ ọ na a akụkụ nke gburugburu alaka, ọ na-iche site na ha. Naanị ọkụ na ókè corotation gburugburu, adịghị eme ka ndị dị otú ahụ "njem." Ndị a gụnyere anyanwụ, na-echebe site na nke dị ike Filiks na-mgbe niile na-ewere ọnọdụ na aka uwe. Ọbụna a nta Ndahie ga agbanwe niile ọzọ uru maka mmepe nke ntule na mbara ụwa anyị.

The elu-igwe na ola diamond

The anyanwụ - nnọọ otu n'ime ọtụtụ ndị yiri ozu, nke jupụtara anyị galaxy. Stars, otu ma ọ grouped, ngụkọta ọnụ ọgụgụ karịa ndị ọhụrụ data 400 ijeri. The ezigbo anyị, Proxima Centauri, bụ akụkụ nke a usoro nke atọ kpakpando na a obere ihe anya Alpha Centauri A na Alpha Centauri B. The egbuke n'ókè nke mbara igwe n'abalị, Sirius A, bụ na Canis Isi. Ya luminosity dị ka dị iche iche na isi mmalite ndị ọzọ karịa anyanwụ na 17-23 ugboro. Sirius-adịghị nanị, na-esonyere a satellite, ịgba a yiri aha, ma akara B.

Children mgbe amalite matakwuo na otú anyị galaxy anya dị ka, na a search nke elu-igwe ma ọ bụ ndị North Star Alpha Ursa Minor. Ewu ewu ya nweta ọnọdụ n'elu North osisi nke Earth. Luminosity Polar budata elu karịa Sirius (fọrọ nke nta abụọ puku ugboro egbuke karia Sun), ma ọ na-apụghị ịma aka nri nke Alpha Canis Major aha nke kasị dị ịrịba n'ihi na nke anya si n'ụwa (atụmatụ na n'etiti 300 na 465 ìhè afọ).

ụdị kpakpando

Kpakpando na-bụghị naanị luminosity na anya si na-ekiri ekiri. Onye ọ bụla ekewet a ụfọdụ uru (kwekọrọ na unit ẹka anyanwụ ọnọdụ), ogo elu kpo oku, na agba.

Ndị kasị adọrọ mmasị akụkụ nwere supergiants. Nnukwu ịta nke umi ke unit olu nke dị iche iche neutron kpakpando. Agba e ji mara na-inextricably metụtara okpomọkụ:

• red coldest;
• kpo oku n'elu aka 6 000º, dị ka anyanwụ, ọ na-arụpụta a odo hue;
• acha ọcha na-acha anụnụ anụnụ ìhè a okpomọkụ nke ihe karịrị 10 000º.

luminosity nke kpakpando nwere ike ịdị iche iche na-eru a kacha obere oge tupu ya ida. -Agbawa, gbarie ntiwapụ na-eme a na nnukwu onyinye na nghọta nke ihe ya anya ka anyị Galaxy. Photos of usoro a na-emepụta telescopes bụ ịtụnanya.
Anakọtara na ndabere nke ihe ha chọpụtara nyeere iji weghachi usoro nke dugara akasiaha, na ịkọ akara aka nke a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke w ozu.

Ọdịnihu nke Milky Way

Anyị galaxy na ndị ọzọ na ụyọkọ kpakpando bụ mgbe niile na-aga na-emekọ. -Enyocha mbara igwe achọpụtala na Milky Way ugboro ugboro ripia agbata obi. Yiri Filiks na-atụ anya na-eme n'ọdịnihu. N'ime oge ahụ, ọ ga-agụnye Magellanic Cloud na a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke Dwarf usoro. Ndị kasị adọrọ mmasị omume na-atụ anya na 3-5 ijeri afọ. Nke a ga-a nkukota na ndị Andromeda, naanị onye agbata obi na-anya si na Earth na gba ọtọ anya. Dị ka a n'ihi nke Milky Way ga-elliptical galaxy.

Ebighebi expanses ohere dazzling. Nkịtị na-esi ike ịghọta bụghị nanị ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị Milky Way, ma ọ bụ na eluigwe na ala dum, ma, ọbụna na-Earth. Otú ọ dị, ekele ọganihu na nkà mmụta sayensị anyị nwere ike iche na ọ dịghị ihe ọzọ akụkụ ụfọdụ nke ụwa nwere ezigbo.