Gịnị bụ iwu nke Agha Ntụte guzobere meriri mba? The Crusades na ha pụta

The Crusades e mere ụmụ amaala nke Western Europe na 11-15 nke narị afọ AD, na ihe mgbaru ọsọ ha bụ akakabarede nke na-ekpere arụsị dị iche iche na Christianity ma ọ bụ hapụ Christian ihu arụsị si yoke nke infidels.

Malite nke Crusader ije

Na March 1095 na ọ gafere Council of Clermont, mgbe nke Pope Urban akpọ na Europe gaa East. Ihe mere nke a ije o weere ụkọ nri maka ndị nke Europe na mkpa na-Christian ebe nsọ n'etiti mba. Ya mere, ọ malitere na-etolite na Order nke Agha Ntụte, bụ ndị na-aga na nke ndị njem ndị mba ọzọ, na ume ndị nkịtị isonyere.

Movies 1095-1290 afọ e mere weghara Jerusalem, nke chọpụtara Nsọ ílì ahu. N'oge ahụ, ndị Kraịst buso ndi Turks, na-ekpere arụsị na Baltic States na Eastern Slav, ndị sị na a dị iche iche ụdị Christianity. Pope Urban II mere ezigbo onye ideologue nke nkuzi megide Turks, na ndị niile na-kwetara na-alụ ọgụ na ya n'akụkụ, o kwere nkwa zuru abolition nke ala nke ndị ha ji, ibanye ezinụlọ ha, bụ ndị nọgidere na Europe. People n'okpuru ya banner dị ọtụtụ, na Ya mere mbuso agha nke Agha Ntụte na East wee ebe.

The esi nke mbụ mkpọsa

Ebe ọ bụ na echiche nke Pope Urban e-akọrọ bụghị naanị knights na a ma ama na ndị nkịtị, na mgbe gara East a nnukwu agha. N'ihi ya, meriri Jeruselem na 1099 bụ okobot afọ nke alaeze Jerusalem.

Ịnụ ọkụ n'obi nke ndị sonyere nke agha ntụte ịkpatawo nwekwara akụkọ na Turks meriri Jerusalem, megbuo Christian njem ala nsọ na kpamkpam na-emegbu emegbu ha.

Ọ ghọrọ eze mbụ nke Jerusalem Baldwin, nwanne onye ndú nke Agha Ntụte, Godfrey nke Bouillon. O kwukwara na ya n'ókèala na Beirut na Saịdọn. Baldwin bụ n'ụzọ dị ukwuu maka ihe iwu guzosie ike Agha Ntụte na meriri mba. Ya mere, ebe a na a dịgasị iche iche nke okodu Ịtali bụ ndị e nyere ikike ahia na -emeghe ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri. The iji anya knight, onye na nke a ala-eze-meghere ha iji.

Ọzọ Crusader-ekwu

The Kingdom of Jerusalem bụghị nanị ala na-kere ndị agha ntụte. Na oge a na ọ dabeere County nke Edessa, Antioch ihe gbasara onye isi, Tripoli asị. E Order of Knights of St. John nke Agha Ntụte.

Ihe gbasara onye isi nke Antioch nwere Mediterranean n'ụsọ oké osimiri, na o nwere a bi na nke iri atọ puku ndị ikom. Ka bi n'ebe ahụ Agha Ntụte, onye sitere Italy na Normandy.

County nke Edessa pụtara na 1098, na pụtara n'elu ala nke mbụ bi na Armenia. Nke a asị bụ a nnukwu ebe, ma, ọ na-enweghị ohere na mmiri ozu. Bi e nwere ihe dị 10 000 ndị mmadụ. The asị nwere a nọ n'okpuru ókèala. The Crusader-ekwu, na map nke di site na Muslim na-achị achị, e nwere ndị adịteghị.

The mbụ nkeji iri na ise nke nke iri na abụọ na narị afọ ndị ji eziokwu na nwe nke Agha Ntụte ụba. Na 1100 agha nke Kraịst, ewegharawo obodo nke Tripoli na Sesaria, afọ abụọ gasịrị e weghaara Acre. Mgbe ọ bụ na e kere Tripoli asị. Na ya isi gosi na Bertrand Count nke Toulouse. Gịnị bụ iwu nke Agha Ntụte guzobere meriri mba, ọ ga-ekpe ikpe site na otú ọtụtụ ndị na obodo ọkụ, na ọtụtụ ndị bi n'ógbè e gburu.

The iju nke alaeze Jerusalem

The heyday nke ebe a mere na ọchịchị Balduina Edesskogo. Ọ na-atụle a onye, okpukpe eleru Christian ideals, o nwere a nwunye - Koroleva Melisenda - na nwa. Nwa-ya Baldwin ghọrọ nke atọ na-achị alaeze mgbe nna ya nwụsịrị. N'oge a, ndị Crusader-ekwu na East bịara ọnụ na ghọrọ ide ihe n'okpukpe Ndị Kraịst. Nke atọ ghọọ onye-nketa Baldwin Baldwin anọ.

Ebe ọ bụ na 1185 malitere ojuju nke ala-eze. GBANWEE ọtụtụ-achị achị. Na 1189 na mmiri na a ala-eze-egosi Salahaddin eze ukwu na islam agha. Ha na-na nnọchibido nke Jerusalem, nke odịbe a otutu agba ọsọ ndụ Kraịst. Mgbe kpọọ nke obodo ndị bi n'ime ya anwụghị, ma ha aghaghị ịkwụ ụgwọ ihe mgbapụta. Adịghị akwụ ụgwọ mgbapụta ahụ ghọrọ ndị ohu. Obodo-echeta ihe iwu guzosie ike Agha Ntụte na meriri mba, ya mere ndị ọzọ yiri ka na-arahụ n'okpuru ọchịchị nke Muslim Sultan.

Na 1229, Korol Fridrih II n'oge nke obodo azụ n'ime onwunwe nke Kraịst. Ma n'oge na-adịghị Alakụba weghaara ya ọzọ, na 1285 ikpeazụ Knights gbaga Cyprus, na-ahapụ Jerusalem Muslim shelves. A nnukwu ọrụ na kpọọ nke Jerusalem na-egwuri Mamluk Sultan Baybars. Agha Ntụte agha na ndị Alakụba were ụbọchị atọ.

Ụmụaka Agha Ntụte

Otu n'ime ndị kasị mwute peeji nke Crusades bụ Ụmụaka Agha Ntụte, bụ nke malitere na 1212. Na otu nke French obodo nta pụtara ọzụzụ atụrụ Stefan, onye mara ọkwa na e weere na o kwere omume na-enyemaka nke ụmụ onwe Nsọ n'ílì, na ume ụmụaka na-aga Jerusalem. N'ihi ya, ọ bụ ike na-anakọta ruo puku iri atọ na-eso ụzọ.

Ụdi akara aka nke ndị ahụ nọ guzobere: ụfọdụ e gburu site iche iche na ọdachi, ụfọdụ ha gaa gbawa ohu. Ọtụtụ n'ime ha nwụrụ n'ụzọ. Mgbe e mesịrị, ndị Pope onwe ha site crusading nkwa, n'iyigharị ya, mmejuputa iwu ruo mgbe ha toro.

Olee otú Crusades na Middle East

Mmetụta nke Crusades ndị mere na aku na uba nke mba dị iche iche bụ ambiguous. Na otu aka, n'ihi na nke a bụ a ịrị elu nke Italian obodo dị ahịa mepụtara. N'aka nke ọzọ, aku na uba na ọdịbendị nke Syria na Palestine nọ ojuju. Ọtụtụ dabeere ihe iwu guzosie ike Agha Ntụte na meriri mba.

Syria na Palestine tara ahụhụ n'ihi ndị raids nke Agha Ntụte, ọtụtụ e bibiri obodo ma kpọọ ya ọkụ. Ọnọdụ dị otú ahụ dị ka Edessa, Ashkelon na Qaisar, n'ikpeazụ wee n'ime nchefu. Na 1227 ọ nọ na-akpatre ebibi Tinnis, nke atọ kasị ukwuu obodo nke mgbe Egypt. Ná ngwụsị nke iri na atọ na narị afọ na ala gbara osimiri okirikiri akụkụ nke Palestine bụ a lara n'iyi na mba, ebe ọ dịghị onye nwara anwa dozie.

Ọtụtụ handicraft emmepe nke Syria na Palestine na-ruo mgbe ebighị ebi ebibi ma na mgbe e weghachiri eweghachi, na ndị mmadụ si n'ebe Egypt.