Gịnị bụ Streletsky iji?

Streletsky iji - otu n'ime ndị na-eduga elee ókèala ndị Vladimir-Suzdal ihe gbasara onye isi nke e mesịrị toro dum Russian alaeze ukwu. Mgbe kpọọ nke dị n'ebe ugwu-n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ ala nke Golden Horde obodo management e rụrụ site a netwọk nke pụrụ iche usoro iwu ozu - ájá, na nke nke e mechara na-eto full ndutịm "ọrụ" - iwu. Ole na ole ndị mmadụ mara na oge a na n'ihi na ya na oge, esịtidem management Ọdịdị e kere ọchịchị Ivana Groznogo.

Esịtidem mgbanwe na Streletsky iji

Year nke ntọala nke a ọhụrụ alụmdi - 1571 nke. The mkpa na-etolite ọkara onwe ha ụlọ ọrụ maka management musketeer na Cossack formations e itiwapụ maka a ogologo oge. Mmụba nke Moscow alaeze achọ mgbanwe achịkwa esịtidem agha dị iche iche. Fletcher ochie obi ike n'ụzọ zuru ezu hụ na akara nke Strelets agha, Ọzọkwa, ụfọdụ n'ime ha bụ ebutere ka obodo boyars. New mgbanwe kpamkpam hazigharịrị esịtidem agha nke Muscovy, ozugbo subordinated ha eze ike site formalized Ọdịdị nke ahụ ọhụrụ ndutịm nkeji - iwu.

Ihe na-agba ụta iwu

The nzube mbụ nke ihe e kere eke nke ahụ a bụ iji nye ihe oriri na ego ego nke Representatives Strelets agha. Ọrụ na-agba ụta iwu gbadata nche ọrụ, ime mkpagharị n'okporo ámá, convoy duruo bara uru ibu. Ke adianade do,-uta mere ka oge a ọkụ brigades na ọbụna ... scavengers.

Nke bụ eziokwu bụ na XVI na narị afọ, Moscow bụ dị iche iche site na ndị ọzọ ochie obodo. The apịtị bụ a mgbe nile ka enyi nke ndị bi na Moscow. mkpocha okporo ámá e rụrụ n'ihu ememe nke ihe omume, dị ka ntinye nke mba ọzọ nnọchiteanya ma ọ bụ na-ahapụ ezinụlọ eze na ọtụtụ ebe obibi dị na ala ịta ahịhịa. Nke a ọnọdụ bụ untenable, otú nyere iwu ntaramahụhụ siri ike e ofu ndị ẹsịn n'okporo ámá carrion, ma ọ bụ na-kpochara n'ihu ebe nke ha ọnụ ụzọ ámá. N'agbanyeghị kama aka ike jikoro, na n'okporo ámá e kpochara irregularly na ekweghiekwe, àkwà mmiri na-rụziri na na-ezighị ezi oge. Ọrụ maka ịdị ọcha nke obodo n'okporo ámá e nyere na obodo uwe ojii. Otú ọ dị, ndị uwe ojii nke nnọọ obere ma e nweghị ezi nkwado. Na eve nke ememe uwe ojii Noa-agha-uta na Cossacks, nke zitere Streletsky iji. Ọrụ ha bụ nyochaa ọrụ sweepers, scavengers, na ahụhụ ndị emezughị eze iwu na n'okporo ámá dị ọcha. Ná mmalite, ndị-uta-arụ ọrụ naanị ke ini utọ okwu nke otu afọ, ma anya ụdị ozi a nwere ike na-akp na-akpaghị aka, na-uta ka nche ma ọ bụ uwe ojii nwere ike ije ozi na-achị obodo ruo ọtụtụ iri afọ.

The ike nke Strelets 'iwu

All ihe onwunwe na mkpofu na-agba ụta iwu si ọzọ ngalaba na-elekọta ndị collection of ụtụ isi si ụtụ isi nke ndị bi na chernososhennogo akwụkwọ. The nkesa ego na eke ụgwọ E duziri n'okpuru nlekọta nke ndị isi nke iji, nke bụ ụta dịịrị eze maka ọdịmma nke servicemen ndị mmadụ. Streletsky iji chịrị ala nile nke na-ekenyela "na-eri nri ya" isi nke musketeer formations, nakwa dị ka ndị n'ókèala nke chọpụtara a Royal n'akụkụ.

Ọ Strelets iji na-elekọta Manning nke nkeji kpụrụ si ọrụ afọ ofufo na-agbapụta n'ahụ oge nke ihe ize ndụ n'ezie. Nke a ọnọdụ kere ruo 1613, mgbe ụfọdụ ike, e zigara ahụ e guzobere ọhụrụ ka nke Cossack Cossack detachment na management. N'oge na-adịghị Streletsky iji ghọrọ a na-fledged uwe ojii ikike - na ọrụ nke nnyocha na ase. Nke a mgbasa chọrọ na-abawanye na ndioru govanmenti, na site na njedebe nke na Asaa narị afọ ọnụ ọgụgụ nke clerks onye jere ozi na Střelecký iji, nke nta ka okpukpu abụọ.

The ndú nke iwu

Na isi nke ọhụrụ oru-abụ ndị ikpe boyars, nke e nwere ọtụtụ ndị na-enyere aka. N'oge ndutịm mgbanwe nke ochie huts Streletskoye duru clerks Grigoriy Grigorevich Kolychev (1571-1572), Vasily Yakovlevich Shchelkalov (1573) na Luk (Rudak) Tolmachev (1578-1580). Ndị mbụ nke mara mmadụ ghọrọ onyeisi nke na-agba ụta iwu I. Godunov, bụ onye duziri ndị ngalaba ruo 1593.

iju

Na na Asaa narị afọ Streletsky ntụrụ ukwuu gbasaa ya ike ma ghọọ otu n'ime ndị kasị akpa oru na Muscovy. Site na njedebe nke 1629 na ya na nrubeisi e nyefere Ụlọ Ngwá Agha mmezi - otu n'ime ndị mbụ emmepe nke ga-eme n'ọdịnihu Russian ogwe aka.

Na 1672, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke-uta na Cossacks ụba nke ukwuu nke na ọ dị mkpa ka ike abụọ ọzọ ngalaba na ha zuru ọkọnọ - iji collection musketeers achịcha na iwu na-enweta Strelets achịcha. Ndị bi Pomerania ugwo ego faịlụ. Kpọkọtara achịcha me ka Moscow akpan akpan Zhitnyaya n'ụlọikpe, dị n'ime na-eje ije anya si Kaluga na Myasnitskaya ámá ékpè. N'ikuku na nnyefe achịcha a na-na-elekọta nke ndị odeakwụkwọ na clerks esi n'obodo elective-uta mepere regiments.

agbali mgbanwe

Na 1676, e nwere mgbalị iji mụbaa Streletsky iji na-ebufe ya n'ime nrubeisi Moscow elective agha regiments, ma na 1680 na mkpebi nwesịrị. N'otu oge ahụ nke na-eme na-agba ụta iwu e napụrụ ndị uwe ojii-uta, na ugbu a iwu administrated naanị strelets agha.

-Ekpochapụ nke iji na-agba ụta

Mkpochapu Strelets agha mere na mbụ afọ nke ọchịchị Peter Ukwu ahụ. Ịnọgide grueling hikes, iri ngarị na mmanye egwu site agadi management musketeers dugara nnupụisi. Na 1698, a okpu inwale na insurrection dugara a mgbuchapụ nke ọtụtụ-uta. E gburu na ahụhụ nke Tsar Peter bụ ozugbo aka. All e gburu banyere puku abụọ na-uta, mbọn na mkpi - banyere puku atọ.

N'Ejighị Streletsky iji aghọwo a akụkọ ifo - o nweghị ma agha ma ọ bụ ego. Nke nta nke nta, otu n'ime ndị kasị akpa oru nke Moscow converted n'ime nkịtị akụ na ụba na ndutịm oru. The mgbanwe usoro e kagburu Zemsky iji, na, dị ka a na ya pụta, ya na ọrụ e zigara Streletsky, bụ ndị nwere n'oge ahụ ka a dị ịrịba ama ndioru govanmenti na arụmọrụ management.

Strelets iji e kagburu 23 June 1701. Special alaeze ukwu nyere iwu ya e renamed na iji Zemsky omume. A obere ka e mesịrị o furu efu ọ bụla metụtara agha na ime agha - niile nke ọrụ ndị a, e zigara ahụ e guzobere ọhụrụ Office - Order of Military Affairs.