Gịnị na-ekpebi a set nke elu-elu zones? High-elu belt nke Caucasus

Ọdịdị nke altitudinal zones nke Caucasus - kasị keukwu tụnyere ndị ọzọ Russian n'ugwu. Dị ka UNESCO World Heritage ọkachamara, n'ógbè e ji a dị ịrịba ama di iche iche nke geology, ecosystems na umu, na ọ nwere ọtụtụ traktị nke jụụ ugwu ọhịa pụrụ iche na a European n'ike. Tụlee ihe atụ nke ebube ugwu usoro, nke na-ekpebi a set nke elu-ịrị elu mpaghara. Ka anyị lee otú ndị na-eji na-eke ọnọdụ na ego nke ọ bụla nke vetikal zones.

Altitudinal eriri na ugwu

Vetikal zoning - ma ọ bụ elu-elu mpaghara - ala ụkpụrụ, nke na-egosipụta onwe ya na mgbanwe nke osisi obodo si di ala ala n'elu. Dị iche iche si ohere nke eri oké nri nke eke ebe na mbara ọzara, nke e mere site a ọnụ ke ego nke anyanwụ radieshon si ụwa na okporo osisi ya. A zuru set nke elu-elu zones na-adade ke elu ugwu, nke na-emi odude ke Equatorial na okpomọkụ zones. Anyị depụta niile kwere omume vetikal eke zones (site na ụkwụ n'elu):

1. Wet Equatorial ọhịa (ruo a elu nke 1200 mita).
2. Mountain ọhịa.
3. High ugwu na oke ohia (3000 m).
4. Undersized, kpara akpa osisi, osisi (ruo 3800 m).
5. Alpine Meadows (4500 m).
6. Rocky n'efu, àgà nkume.
7. Snow, ugwu kpụkọrọ.

Gịnị na-ekpebi a set nke elu-elu zones?

Biri n'Ụwa elu zones A kọwara site ẹsụhọde okpomọkụ, nsogbu, na iru mmiri na-abawanye na elu. Air na ịrị elu kwa 1 km na-mma site nkezi nke 6 Celsius C. N'ihi na ọ bụla 12 m nke elu nwere ikuku mgbali ọnụ nke 1 mm HG.

Ugwu, nke na-emi odude na dị iche iche anya si ụwa, ndị kwụ ọtọ zoning iche budata. On otu ohere dị ka mgbe ụfọdụ e nwere dị iche iche eke usoro.

Anyị depụta, nke na-ekpebi a set nke elu-elu zones, ihe na ọnọdụ na-emetụta ha guzobere:

• The ala ọnọdụ nke ugwu nile. The nso ka ụwa, nke ukwuu vetikal zones.
• Larịị na-na-arụsi ọrụ ike na eke obodo, nke na-achịkwa gburugburu ndagwurugwu.
• The elu nke ugwu ahụ. Karịa ha elu, ka baa ọgaranya set nke eriri. The ime ebe site na-ekpo ọkụ latitudes ma na ala ugwu nile, na ala zones (North Urals e nwere naanị 1-2).
• The mbọhọ nke oké osimiri na oké osimiri, nke a kpụrụ n'elu-ekpo ọkụ ma na iru mmiri ikuku.
• Mmetụta nke oyi ma ọ bụ na-ekpo ọkụ akọrọ ikuku uka na-abịa site na Afrika.

Vetikal mgbanwe nke eke ebe ugwu nke Western Caucasus

E nwere elu-elu belt nke Caucasus, metụtara ihe abụọ na ụdị vetikal zoning: continental na ala gbara osimiri okirikiri (seaside). The abụọ na-anọchi anya ugwu nke Western Caucasus, na-enwe mmetụta nke Atlantic, iru mmiri Maritime ikuku.

Anyị depụta isi elu-elu belt si di ala ala na ọnụ ọnụ:

1. ahịhịa steppe interruptible clumps oak, hornbeam, ash (100 m).

2. Forest Mpaghara.

• Broadleaf montane ọhịa (ruo 600 m). Mgbe ụfọdụ coniferous osisi (spruce, na-hụrụ na a mpaghara Kọkeshịan fir). Ụfọdụ ebe yiri a iru mmiri subtropical Evergreen n'okpuru nke vine na-eto eto, boxwood, yew, laurel.
• Ájị mbuaha ọhịa (n'elu 1200 m).
• Dark coniferous ọhịa ahịhịa.

3. subalpine gbagọrọ agbagọ na ogologo ahịhịa ndụ jupụtara (elu 2000 m).

4. The ala-ahihia Alpine ala ahịhịa juru, ọgaranya hey, cereal na nche anwụ osisi.

5. nival mpaghara (na a elu nke 2800-3200 m).

Nivalis Latin okwu sụgharịrị dị ka "jụụ." Na nke a mpaghara, ma iferi nkume, snow na ice, na e nwere Alpine osisi: buttercups, primroses, plantain na ndị ọzọ.

High-elu nkebi nke Eastern Caucasus

Nọ n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ, e nwere ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ elu-elu belt nke Caucasus, nke a na-akpọkarị continental ma ọ bụ Dagestan ụdị vetikal zoning. Na foothills nke ọkara nkịtị, nke na-anọchi akọrọ steppes na a predominance nke grasses na sagebrush. N'elu na-ulù nke xerophytic osisi, obere ọhịa ahịhịa. Next Alpine eke mpaghara na-anọchi anya ugwu wilderness, grassland cereal. On mkpọda nke na-anata nke ooh ikuku nke Atlantic, e nwere oké ọhịa nke sara mbara-leaved osisi (oak, hornbeam na beech). The Eastern Caucasus ọhịa belt na-anọchi subalpine na n'elu ugwu na ala ahịhịa juru na predominance nke xerophytic osisi n'ebe ịdị elu nke banyere 2800 m (na Alps ókè nke a mpaghara a na-emi odude ke otu elu nke 2200 m). Nival mpaghara gbatịrị mgbe elu nke 3600-4000 m.

Tụlee altitudinal zones nke East na West Caucasus

Number elu zones East Caucasus erughị West, n'ihi na mmetụta na guzobere nke eke ebe ugwu nke ikuku pụta, ọdịdị ala, na ihe ndị ọzọ. Ka ihe atụ, na-ekpo ọkụ ma na iru mmiri Atlantic ikuku fọrọ nke nta ọ dịghị banye n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ, ọ na retains isi riiji. N'otu oge ahụ ọ na-adịghị na-oyi ọnọdụ ikuku na n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke Caucasus.

Isi iche nke elu-ịrị elu owuwu nke Eastern Caucasus zones si West:

• ọnụnọ nke ọkara desert na n'ebe di ala ala;
• ala belt akọrọ steppe;
• warara ọhịa mpaghara;
• xerophytic ulù nke bushes na ala ókè nke oké ọhịa belt;
• dịghị coniferous ọhịa mpaghara
• Steppe na ọkara na elu ugwu òkè;
• mgbasawanye nke ugwu-ahịhịa mpaghara;
• elu ebe enwe snow na kpụkọrọ.
• ọhịa ahịhịa naanị na ndagwurugwu;
• fọrọ nke nta mgbe ime coniferous ụdị osisi.

Economic ọrụ nke ndị bi na

The mejupụtara nke eke ebe nke Caucasus n'ihi mgbanwe ihu igwe parameters n'ime ugwu usoro si isi elu na site n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ ruo n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ. Ịmara kpọmkwem ihe ọ na-adabere a set nke elu-elu zones, ọ ga-ahụ kwuru na mpaghara nwere a elu onu ogugu njupụta, karịsịa na Black Sea n'ụsọ oké osimiri. The tụụrụ steppe mbara ọzara Ciscaucasia fọrọ nke nta kpamkpam akọ na ji site n'ubi nke ọka na egusi ubi, ubi mkpụrụ osisi, ubi vaịn. Mepụtara subtropical agriculture, gụnyere cultivation tii, citrus mkpụrụ osisi, peach na walnuts. Mountain osimiri nwere nnukwu idobere nke mmiri ike, na-eji maka mmiri nke na-emighị emi ebe. Steppe, ọkara n'ọzara, na ala ahịhịa juru na-ebe ịta nri. Na Ngwuputa na oke ohia belt rụrụ owuwe ihe ubi.

All elu belt na Caucasus Mountains nwere ọtụtụ ohere maka njem. The usoro nke na-ajụ na elu ugwu kpuchie oké ọhịa, Mmiri na snow, na-adọta Fans nke ski na snowboarding. Ụzọ gasị abuana Merie nkume, snow-kpuchie mkpọda ugwu osimiri. Clean ikuku bụ mbuaha ọhịa, ọmarịcha Okirikiri, oké osimiri - na isi ntụrụndụ akụ nke Caucasus.