Gulf War: akpatara na-akpata

Na oge a historiography mata abụọ nke Gulf War. Nke mbụ bụ na 1990-1991. The esemokwu n'elu mmanụ mere ka mbuso agha nke Iraqi agha Kuwait na-arụ nke a obere Emirate. Na nzaghachi omume nke Saddam Hussein, na UN butere mbuso agha nke mba mmekota obodo na ala ya. Weghachiri na mbụ. Ọbụna mgbe 12 afọ, e nwere kemgbe re-mbuso agha nke Iraq, nke e butere site US Steel. Nke a agha na-akpọ mgbe ụfọdụ nke abụọ agha na Persian Gulf. N'ihi ya, ike nke Saddam Hussein a kwaturu, na ọ na e gburu site na mkpebi nke Baghdad n'ụlọikpe.

Akpata esemokwu

Famous Gulf War malitere August 2, 1990, mgbe Iraqi agha wakporo ha gbara agbata obi Kuwait. Ndabere nke aku na uba nke a obere mba nwere mmanụ. Ọ bụ n'ihi na nke a akụ na esemokwu malite.

Na July, isi nke Iraq nke Saddam Hussein n'ihu ọha ebubo Kuwaiti ọchịchị na ha nwere ọtụtụ afọ ekenịmde illegal mmịpụta mmanụ si n'ubi dị na ókèala nke Iraq. Na Baghdad, choro-akwụ a multi-ijeri dollar mma. Kuwaiti Emir Jaber III jụrụ-edu Saddam Hussein.

Mbuso agha nke Kuwait

Mgbe ahụ, Iraqi agha wakporo ha gbara agbata obi obere mba. Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị Kuwaiti agha jisiri ibughari na Saudi Arabia. Otu mere emir, onye ndú nke ndị ọchịchị n'ala ọzọ n'obodo Dhahran. Ọ dịghị njọ iguzogide ndị mwakpo na-adịghị zutere. Ụbọchị abụọ gasịrị, na August 4, Iraqi agha emewo akara nke dum n'ókèala Kuwait. Saddam Hussein agha efu fọrọ nke nta ka 300 ndị mmadụ nwụrụ anwụ. The Kuwaiti ngwá agha agha, nke a na ọnụ ọgụgụ ruru 4 puku.

Otú malitere agha na Persian Gulf. Na-arụ ala a na-akpọsa ihe masịrị na dabere na Baghdad Republic of Kuwait. Na isi nke ndị na-azọrọ-ala guzo ọrụ onye kwetara na-rụkọrọ ọrụ na-akwanyere Hussein. A izu gasịrị, ha jụrụ, agbata obi na obodo nke mmakọ, nke e mere. August 28 Kuwait bụ otu n'ime Iraqi anāchi achi.

The mmeghachi omume nke mba uwa

N'ụbọchị mbụ nke Gulf War ya ngwa ngwa kpọkọrọ ndị UN Security Council. Na ya nzukọ nakweere a mkpebi nke nzukọ choro na Iraqi ọchịchị ịdọrọ ya agha si agbata obi na obodo. N'otu oge Western ikike jidere niile akụ akụkọ nke Baghdad na-edu ndú na ya n'ókèala na-amanye ihe na ogwe aka mgbochi.

Mgbe na-arụ nke Kuwait, na ókè-ala nke Iraq na Saudi Arabia amalitela a shootout. The ndú nke mba abụọ malitere ikesiike ha ala nke ha nkewa na regiments. The Middle East mgbe a esi ite. Ugbu a, n'ógbè ike-emecha ghọọ a oké osimiri nke ọbara.

Ka ọ dịgodị na Iraq malitere ijide ụmụ amaala nke Western mba, kwuru, n'obodo megide ọchịchị ya. Ruo mgbe ọgwụgwụ nke Gulf War, ndị a ndị mmadụ n'ezie na-edoro na mbe. Isi initiator nke na-alụso US na Iraq malitere. Site 1990 afọ Agha Nzuzo irè biri. The Soviet Union bụ na ọdachi nke aku nsogbu, na dum Communist ụwa usoro a na-aga site na ihe mgbu ya. Na ọnọdụ ndị a, ndị US ghọrọ nanị ala na ike ịgwa a ọnọdụ nke ike na Saddam Hussein. Ọ bụ na gburugburu na American agha malitere na-etolite a mmekota (ukwuu n'ime NATO mba), nke ga-emecha-agafere Iraq. Ọ ga-kwuru na Soviet Union na-akwado ihe ndị si ọtụtụ mba ndị agha (MNF).

"Desert Shield"

Si August 1990 ruo January 1991, mba mmekota agha lekwasị ya ikuku na ala agha na Saudi n'ókèala iji kwadebe maka mbuso agha nke Iraq na ọ ghara ikwe ka Hussein ọgụ Saudi Arabia onwe ya. Ufiop ọgụ bụ na oge a, ya mere, anyị nwere ike ikwu na ọ bụ otu nzukọ kwusi, nke were Gulf War. The sonyere nke ihe omume a na-akpọ maka nyefe nke ike na Saudi Arabia, "Operation Desert Shield".

Anapụta ndị Middle East na-abụghị nanị technology, ma nri, manu, na nkà mmụta ọgwụ na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ. All nke a mere na ndabere na agha ahụ ike-egbu oge nke ukwuu. Site n'oge 1991, mmekota bụ ike itinye uche nso Iraqi ókè bukwanu ike, n'ọkwá ka nke ike na ike nke onye-iro akụrụngwa.

"Desert Oké Ifufe"

January 17, 1991 mba mmekota ugbo elu-amalite bombu Iraq. Ọ na-abia ukwuu n'ime n'abalị. Ha isi ihe mgbaru ọsọ bụ onye dị mkpa agha na ụba na akụrụngwa nke mba. a ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ọpụpụ (fọrọ nke nta ka puku mmadụ ise) e mere na ụbọchị abụọ. The mbụ Gulf War wee ya bụrụkwa ogbo. Coalition ozugbo ike merie uru na ikuku na ime mkpa ulo oru ụlọ ọrụ. N'otu oge ahụ, na Iraqi n'ala ogbunigwe malitere bombu agbata obi Saudi Arabia (ebe e nwere ndị iro ọpụpụ) na Israel. Na February, ndị òtù agha na-emetụta okwu, mgbọ depots, a ọnọdụ na nke guzoro nso na launchers, ulo oru ụlọ ọrụ, na na .. All mere nke a iji na-ikwado n'ọdịnihu n'ala ọrụ. The mbụ Gulf Agha bụ a pụrụ iche ihe omume nke ya na ha dịkọrọ ndụ kpomkwem n'ihi na nke dị mkpa na natara ugbo elu.

N'abalị nke February 24, 1991 malitere n'ala ọrụ nke mmekota. On n'ụsọ oké osimiri nke Persian Gulf (na ókèala nke nwere Kuwait) US agha na-aka. Mmalite bụ nnọọ ngwa ngwa na ihe niile ndi nke n'ihu. Part, gafere Iraqi ókè-ala na n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ na etiti direction, mfe merie ókè-ala mgbidi na abalị kpaliri n'ihu site 30 kilomita.

Site ná mgbede nke February 26 site Saddam Hussein si agha tọhapụ isi obodo nke Kuwait, Kuwait. Ụbọchị abụọ gasịrị, Iraqi agha akwụsịla eguzogide on nile ndi nke n'ihu. Ya Usoro bụ n'ihi na ọtụtụ akụkụ-ebibi, na ndị mmadụ na-demoralized. Emetụta kara nke mmekota na ike na nkà na ụzụ. N'eziokwu, dịpụrụ adịpụ Iraq na-alụ agha na dum mepere anya ụwa, ka ikpe iwu na-akwadoghị annexation nke Kuwait.

pụta

Na mmalite nke ụwa niile ọzọ ndị agha amalitela nyochaa mmetụta nke Gulf War. The mmekota nke nnukwu losses mere na US Army. Ọ gburu 298 ndị mmadụ, ebibi 40 ugbo elu, 33 tankị, na na. D. The ike nke weere ndị ịrịba n'ihi na obere òkè nke nkeji dị ka e jiri ya tụnyere American akụkụ.

More controversial ọgụgụ nke ndị nwụrụ anwụ si Iraq. Mgbe agha na n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ media na-apụta a dịgasị iche iche nke ntule. Ọ e zoro aka na ọnụ ọgụgụ site 25 ruo 100 puku nwụrụ anwụ agha. Dị ka ukara ọnụ ọgụgụ nyere site Government nke Iraq, n'ihi na nke ikuku ịwakpo gburu ihe karịrị puku mmadụ abụọ na nkịtị. Data na-anwụ agha Baghdad na e bipụtara ma ọ bụ n'ihu ọha, n'ihi na nke nke nke ha bụ nnọọ ike ikpe. Western nnyocha ọ bụla ikpe enweghị ike dabere na pụtara na enen ọmụma. Na technology, Iraq ka furu efu karịrị 300 ugbo elu, 19 ụgbọ mmiri, banyere 3 puku tankị. Ọ bụ na-akpali na a akụkụ buru ibu n'ime ha bụ ndị Soviet mere. The ọchịchị nke Saddam Hussein si uka ịzụta usoro USSR kemgbe 70s. Site 1990, ndị a tankị, bipu ọgụ ugbo ala, na na. D. Ndi ama otú ahụ ihe mgbe ochie tụnyere ọhụrụ ụdị nke America na Europe.

Fim banyere Persian Gulf War ( "Jarhead," "Obi Ike N'okpuru Fire") na-egosi ọzọ pụrụ iche onu metụtara na a ogu. Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị American agha, bụ ndị anọwo na-Iraq, lọtara, malitere inwe ọtụtụ nchegbu. N'ụzọ ụfọdụ na ọ bụ dị ka a uka ọrịa na mbụ nwetara Vietnam lagoro ezumike nka na United States na Afghanistan na USSR. Na-ewu ewu omenala onu a na-akpọ "agha syndrome na Persian Gulf."

ebe obibi ya pụta

Tupu ọpụpụ ya Kuwait, Iraqi agha malitere kpofuru mmanụ n'ime Persian Gulf. Mgbe e mesịrị, ndị a omume a na-akpọ gburugburu ebe obibi iyi ọha egwu. Ọ bụ ezie na ụgbọelu allies na gbalịrị iji nkenke bọmbụ na ibibi ọrụ nke mmanụ ụlọ ọrụ na-arụ Kuwait, oké osimiri enyefe 8 nde barel environmentally emerụ bekee.

The pụta egwu - ọnwụ nke ọtụtụ puku nnụnụ, nza nke azụ na ihe ndị ọzọ fauna. Na Middle East ruo oge ụfọdụ mgbe nke a bịara na-akpọ black mmiri ozuzo. Omume ekefehede Iraqi agha mere ka ndị kasị ibu gburugburu ebe obibi ọdachi nke ya oge.

mkpuchi Iraq

Gịnị bụ ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na nsogbu nke rụpụtara na Gulf Agha? Na nkenke, na mpaghara e weghachiri na mbụ. Kuwait e wepụtara azụ ka ziri ezi ọchịchị. Saddam Hussein na 2002, me ya ukara mgbaghara mba a, nke Otú ọ dị, na-adịghị anabata. Iraq mgbe "Desert Oké Ifufe" malitere a oge nke iche. Western n'obodo e chebere.

Mgbe e meriri na agha na n'ebe ugwu nke mba malitere nsogbu nke Kurds na Shiites. Egwú nke agbụrụ na nke okpukpe na-amachaghị na-brutally ewute ndị agha nke Iraq. Punitive arụmọrụ dugara a akwalite ọdịmma ndị mmadụ ọdachi na mpaghara. N'ihi nke a, ke edere edere ebe ndị agha nke mba mmekota e ẹkenam. Nke a mkpebi na-akwali site Kurdish nche. Ke adianade do, iji kwụsị bọmbụ nke ndị nkịtị e ẹkenam dịghị-ada zones, nke nwere ike adịghị ofufe n'ime Iraqi ụgbọ elu.

The Gulf War, na-akpata nke na-edina na adventurous mkpebi nke Saddam Hussein, emewo ka ihe escalation nke esemokwu na Middle East. Ọ bụ ezie na ọgwụgwụ ya ọnọdụ dịtụ mụ, na mpaghara a ka nwere ọtụtụ ha na-edozilighị emegiderịta na esemokwu. N'ihi ha, site na ihe karịrị afọ iri nke abụọ agha na Persian Gulf.

Prerequisites maka a ọhụrụ agha

Mgbe agha ahụ biri na 1991, UN ka choro Iraq ka tufuo already-ẹdude ngwá agha ọgwụrụ (chemical, ndu) na kwụsịtụ mmepe nke ọhụrụ. Iji mee nke a, na mba-mba ọrụ gwara. Ọ ọma nyochaa mmejuputa mkpebi nke UN ruo mgbe ọgwụgwụ nke 90s, mgbe Iraqi ọchịchị jụrụ-arụkọ ọrụ na nke a Ọdịdị. The nsogbu nke na-enwe iwu ngwá agha si Saddam bụ otu n'ime ihe ndị mere maka agha ọzọ na na Gulf. E nweghị ọzọ ihe n'ihi mwakpo US agha na ndị òtù ha ruo mgbe 2001. Mgbe on September 11 na New York wee ebe ọgụ, ndokwa site na otu "Al nakwa Prisila nwunye." Mgbe e mesịrị, American-edu ndú ka ebubo Saddam nke njikọ ndị a Islamists.

US na-ekwu na ajụjụ si dị iche iche n'akụkụ. Ka jupụtara ebe nile, echiche na US mbuso agha bụghị naanị na-ezighị ezi, ma na-iwu na-akwadoghị. US na mmekota allies (isi UK) bibiri Iraq enweghị UN ikike, otú emebi Charter nke nzukọ.

The abụọ mbuso agha nke Iraq

March 20, 2003 malitere a ọhụrụ mbuso agha nke mba mmekota na Iraq. The Union, na mgbakwunye na nke United States, na-agụnye ọzọ 35 mba. Nke a oge, na iche mbụ Gulf War, e nwere a ọma ụgbọelu bọmbụ. Mesiri e debere na a n'ala mbuso agha, nke bụ isi n'ihi na ihe niile ahụ Kuwait. N'ọrụ adọ nke ime ihe na March-May 2003, maara taa dị ka Iraq agha, ma ọ bụ nke abụọ Gulf War (ọ bụ ezie na n'ezie ọgụ na-aga niile ná mba, ọ bụghị naanị na n'ụsọ oké osimiri).

Na izu atọ, na mmekota bụ ike weghara niile kasị obodo nke mba. The agha n'ihi na Baghdad bụ si 3 12 April. International agha fọrọ nke nta n'enweghị ihe ịma aka. The Iraqi agha demoralized. Ke adianade do, a ịrịba òkè nke ndị obodo ahụ na e nweghị afọ ojuju na ọchịchị aka ike ike nke Saddam Hussein, ya mere, na-enwe ọṅụ, zutere mba ọzọ. The President wee gbapụ si isi obodo, na dịwo anya na-agba ọsọ. Ọ chọpụtara na December 13, 2003 ke Re nke unremarkable ụlọ a obere obodo nke al-Daur. Hussein e jidere ya, tinyere na-ekpe ikpe. Ọ ebubo nke mgbukpọ nke agbụrụ Kurds na ọtụtụ mpu (gụnyere n'oge Kuwait agha 1990-1991.). December 30, 2006 mbụ mbụ akaike na e gburu site na nghọta.

Results nke ọzọ agha

Nkwatu gara aga ọchịchị nke Baath Party na Iraq bụ isi n'ihi nke abụọ Gulf War. Photos jidere ikpe Saddam Hussein agbasa n'ụwa nile. Mgbe Iraq n'ókèala e biri site na agha nke mba mmekota na mba e nwere ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ntuli aka, nke rụpụtara na ọchịchị ọhụrụ hoputara.

US agha ịnọgide na Iraq ruo 2011. Ọ ejikọrọ na eziokwu na, n'agbanyeghị na ọdịda nke Hussein ọchịchị, ọnọdụ na mpaghara ka na-aka njọ. Akwụkwọ na fim banyere agha na Persian Gulf, katọrọ US mbuso agha, o doro anya na-egosi na otú ndị Iraq Noa Islamist mmegharị. Akpụkọta kwuru jihad megide ndị mwakpo. Na Baghdad, ọgụ wee malite izo mgbe nile (ukwuu n'ime igbu onwe bombings na ụgbọ ala bombs).

Ugbu a Iraq bụ a agha obodo nke emewo n'ụdị otu buu ọgụ megide nkịtị. Dị otú ahụ nke mmaja bụ isi ngwá nke nsogbu na ihe ọjọọ Islamists pro-American ọchịchị. Na 2011 ọ malitere a n'ozuzu "Arab opupu" na Middle East. N'ihi a yiri agha obodo ndị dị na Siria na ókè-ala ebe nke mba abụọ pụtara na-azọrọ-ala Islamists na jihadists - LIH. Taa, nzukọ na-ewere dị ka Vanguard nke zuru ụwa ọnụ ọha egwu (ya ọbụna jisiri-ekpuchikwa ndị Al-nakwa Prisila nwunye).

US na-edu ndú na-ebo ebubo, n'ihi na nke American mbuso agha nke ọnọdụ na mpaghara maa jijiji, bụ nke mere ka ntoputa nke ọtụtụ extremist iche iche na-alụ ọgụ ọ bụghị naanị n'ụlọ, ma na-ahazi ọgụ na ndị nkịtị nọ na Europe na ndị ọzọ nke ụwa . N'aka nke ọzọ, mgbe agha nke 2003 na-ka na-adịghị kpebiri na nke nke Kurds ndị na-alụ ọgụ maka nnwere onwe dị n'ebe ugwu Iraq.