The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Saratov na Saratov region: ọgụgụ oge nke pụtara ìhè ihe

Ọ dịwo guzo na Volga ebube obodo oge ochie nke Saratov. Ọ e tọrọ ntọala na 1590 dị ka a ebe e wusiri ike nche n'ebe ndịda-n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ ala nke Russia, na kemgbe ahụ karịrị narị afọ anọ nke bi ebe a ndị mmadụ nke ọtụtụ mba, ndị Russia. The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Saratov jupụtara ịrịba ama mere, ọ bụ atọsa si mere n'ụbọchị anyị na ala, ya mere bụ akpali nnọọ mmasị. The obodo ghọrọ center nke a nnukwu obodo na n'ụlọ a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke pụrụ iche, nkà ndị mmadụ na-eje ozi ná mba ya na-egosipụta onwe ha iche iche ubi.

Abụọ aha na Saratov

History nwere bụghị ihe nile bụ eziokwu ndị metụtara ndị a ebe, ma ihe ka amaghi.

Na Middle Volga region ndị mmadụ nwere biri a ogologo oge gara aga. Sinik tụrụ, ọgaranya anụ ọhịa na azụ, ala, oké ọhịa na ihe ndị ọzọ eke ego mere ndị dike nke Golden Horde inupụ ndị obodo, oge ochie Sarmatians, onye bi ebe a si V narị afọ BC na-ewu obodo Uvek, nke ghọrọ nke atọ kasị ukwuu ógbè niile nke Mongol-Tatar onwunwe. Nke a mere, dị ka akụkọ ihe mere eme echiche, si VI na VII narị afọ AD Anyị nwere ike iche na ọ bụ site na nke a oge na-amalite akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ntoputa nke Saratov, dị ka na ókèala nke Russian Federation mpaghara etiti, ya bụ na ndị Zavodskoy district na odude Uvek. The oge a aha bịara ukwuu mgbe e mesịrị, mgbe ndị Russian ọrụ na klas ndị mmadụ agbakọta na Sokolova ugwu na okpon akan gbara ya gburugburu ebe, na nnukwu ụlọ, na-akpọ nwa azụ obodo. Ọ n'ezie bụghị ochie site ụkpụrụ nke mba anyị, na Russia afọ 400 - bụghị afọ. Ya mere, kwuru, sị elu nke Tartars a na-akpọ Yellow. The Turkic asụsụ bụ aha sounded dị "Sary Tau" (Yellow Mountain).

The nchoputa nke atọ "jewels nke Volga" (Tsaritsyn, Samara na Saratov) ghọrọ HSH Prince aga Zasekin.

azụ obodo

The ebe e wusiri ike, e wuru na-ekpe ụlọ akụ nke kanopi. Ọ na-amaghị ihe mere na 1813, ma ọ ọkụ ala. Ma eleghị anya, ya mere mgbe a mgbe nnọchibido, ma ọ bụ n'ihi na mmadụ ileghara ya ọkụ. Osisi obodo na ndị ugboro ahụhụ si na ọkụ mgbe. Adabeghị mbà site n'eziokwu a, ndị bi n'obodo ukwu kwaga ọzọ nkputankpu nke oké Russian osimiri, abamuru nke mmakọ na-aga ọzọ mmiri odachi (osimiri Saratovka) Ọrụ ọma agbachitere na ikpe.

Ma chebe ebe ndị a si iro-akwagharị akwagharị na-eri. Fish bụ mgbe vodilas mma, dị Sturgeon, Sturgeon, beluga, Sturgeon, tinyekwara ot Pike na azụ okpo. Ugbua na ọbubu-eze nke Peter m enwere a uwe nke ogwe aka. Ọ sterlet atọ ụdị a ụdị kpakpando, ndị nnọchiteanya nke a na-emetụta ndị agbata obi niile. The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Saratov achị center agwụ na 1782, mgbe obodo ghọrọ n'ógbè center. Ọ ka na-anọgide na-achị, nke ogologo na jụụ, dị ka ọ pụtara ìhè site na a akara si abụ "Ahụhụ ga-adịrị si ama", dere na 1824 AS Griboyedov. "Na wilderness, na Saratov ..."

Ọgba aghara na riots

City Life, Otú ọ dị, bụ ike aha na-ero ụra. Nsogbu, esemokwu, na-ewu ewu nnupụisi na agha akpọrepu otutu ugboro n'ụwa a. Na 1604 e nwere ebili ahuhu banyere Ilya nke Murom,-ekwu na ha Peter Fedorovich, nwa eze. Stepan Razin oru ugbo agha nwere obodo na 1670, na ya ndú enịm ke ọ ya n'isi ụlọ ọrụ, Cossack District. Ọbụna mgbe afọ 37 akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Saratov replenished ọzọ dị ịrịba ama nwunye, nnọchibido nke ndị agha Kondrat Bulavin. Ugboro abụọ gara ebe a na mbụ Russian Emperor Peter Ukwu (1695, 1722) ma nye iwu ka iwelie ebe ji site otu ihe dị mkpa mmezi. Anyị na-adịghị agafe obodo na ihe ndị metụtara na aha nke ọzọ nduhie Emelyana Pugacheva. Ebe e jidere ya mgbe a ntịme suppression.

Industrial mmepe nke Saratov ógbè nke XIX na narị afọ

Industrial development ọganihu na ama okpon ke Russian Alaeze Ukwu ke XIX narị afọ, na-enwe mmetụta na-eto ngwa ngwa nke mmepụta na ahia ike nke Volga mpaghara. Ma tupu isi na ọtụtụ ekwe ebe nke akụ na ụba ọrụ e kwuru na ihu oru buu igba n'ulo. Mee ụlọ mmepụta ihe, na-eto site na mmali na bụkwa mkpụrụ crafts na textiles. Site na-arụ ọbụna na-akpọ Saratov n'okporo ámá. History echebewo ha maka ụmụ ụmụ Kuznetsk, Myasnitskaya, Salt, Shelkovichnaya Tulupnaya, brik abụọ Kostrizhnye (Big na Small) (n'okpuru aha flax na hemp mmepụta n'efu). Ke n'etiti ikpeazụ nke narị afọ nke gbanwere eduzi ya n'ozuzu nke mmepe nke region na ntụziaka nke ulo oru mmepụta na nhazi. Iri na ise na narị mills riteworo n'ụgwọ n'ógbè n'obodo (Khvalynsk, Volsk) na ọtụtụ obodo nta. Obodo ngwaọrụ (elu-edu ụrọ) ume obodo oru buu igba n'ulo na-ewu na ịzụlite ụlọ mmepụta ihe na-amị brik na ite ụrọ. Usoro e ji mee site ụlọ ọrụ, chọrọ akụrụngwa mmezi na-arụ ọrụ.

A pụrụ iche okwu ekele kwesịrị oké Russian ndozigharị ahụ PA Stolypin, bụ ndị jere ozi dị ka gọvanọ ebe a na biri n'okporo ámá Volskaya.

Saratov ahịa

Trade - oké mkpa oyi nke ụlọ ọrụ na ahia. Volga ahịa na Russia e weere pụrụ iche ndị na-akpọrọ aha, ka mgbe niile na-okwu. Ma mgbe ụfọdụ, na, na, na XIX narị afọ, ọ na-achọ nkwenye nke ngo, karịsịa ná ngwụsị nke isi contracts na ị na-amaghị mmekọ. Ebe a, otu n'ime ndị mbụ n'aka Bureau na Russia na-haziri. Saratov ghọrọ ihe dị mkpa lọjistik center na Volga, bi atọ na nke anọ ebe ke alaeze na okwu nke ntụgharị.

Ndị ahịa ndị ọtụtụ iri afọ na-echegbu bụghị naanị banyere Barysh, ma chọọ ịhapụ a ọma na ebe nchekwa. Ekele patrons Azarov, Zlobin, POZDEEV na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ dị mkpa ihu mma site omenala oru (nkiri, art veranda, B & B). Wuru n'ụlọ nsọ, n'ụlọ ọgwụ, ụlọ mmega ahụ, ngosi ihe mgbe ochie na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ oru na ndị bara uru mmadụ. Ọtụtụ ndị ahịa ndị sị na Old kwere ekwe, na pụtara na Volga mpaghara site ka nke Catherine Ukwu ahụ. Ha na-enwe ike ịchọta a nkịtị asụsụ na-ekpe nke-ekpe okpukpe ọzọ bi n'ógbè, me oké uru n'ógbè ahụ.

Soviet ike

The revolutionary ihe na ndị sochirinụ fratricidal agha kpọrọ metụtara akụ na ụba na ọnọdụ akụ na ụba nke Volga mpaghara. The mbibi bụ nnọọ ịrịba ama na ọ bụ nanị na 1927 n'ógbè bụ ike na-aga na ụfọdụ ndị na-egosi na ike na-anya isi nke a mbụ eze n'ógbè. Mee ka a ọhụrụ akụ na ụba iwu mara ọkwa na Bolshevik edu. Collectivization fundamentally gbanwere Ọdịdị nke ahụ n'obodo nta, na mebiri na okodu ụzọ ndụ, n'ihi na ugbo mmepụta wee banye ojuju. N'ógbè ndị Ugboro ikpe nke nwoke onye oru ugbo aghara, nke e gosipụtara na mbibi nke nri detachments na n'ụzọ anụ ahụ mbibi-collectivizers na oru. Ndị a nupụrụ isi na-ewute obi ịta mmiri.

Zitere na forties egbu

Kemgbe zitere mere ulo oru ikike ụlọ, na òkè nke ulo oru mmepụta ghọrọ a kasị ihe na mmepe ebe.

The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke obodo nke Saratov na aka ike agha afọ kpughere nnukwu nwere nke a multi-agbụrụ mpaghara. Dị n'ógbè ahụ a kpọpụrụ mmepụta, na mbụ ndị dị n'ókèala nke a mpaghara nke nwa oge na-arụ. A na-agụnye akwa akwa, igwe-ụlọ na ndị ọzọ na ụlọ ọrụ. Saratovchane, jiri obi ike agha na ndị asakde iso ese. Dị ka ihe atụ, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke natives nke onye nke naanị a obere nke ebe district center, obodo nke Volsk ọdịda aha dike nke Soviet Union n'oge agha ruru iri ise.

Saratov Germany

German biri si na Asaa narị afọ ji obi biri na a tụụrụ mpaghara. The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Saratov ógbè ma chebe anyị aha ọtụtụ narị ógbè na were German ụda (Rosenberg, Unterdorf, Rosenberg, Balzer, wdg) biri chebe ha mba amata, na Lutheran okpukpe, asụsụ na omenala, si otú a ghọọ ndị Russia na Patriots. Neman na ha onyinye aku mmepe nke mpaghara.

German aha malitere ịla si map na 1915, n'oge German agha. Volga colonists na anabatawo mgbe ndị February mgbanwe. Mgbe Bolsheviks wee ike, n'agbanyeghị na ha ambivalence banyere mgbanwe, kpụrụ ọbụna Volga German Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (ASSRNP), esịnede 22 cantons (ngụkọta ebe nke 25 puku sq. M. Kilomita, obodo anọ, ihe fọrọ nke nta 550 na obodo ntà na obodo nta, ndị bi na ihe karịrị 500 puku. pers.). Na 1941 ọ kagburu na German bi a chụpụrụ, tumadi na North Kazakhstan na Eastern Siberia. The efu ndutịm mmụta yiri abụọ ndụ aha obodo Engels (Pokrovsk, na ncherita Saratov, na Volga) na Marx (Marksshtadt).

Isi akụ na ụba nke ndị mmadụ

Taa Saratov Province - otu n'ime ihe ndị kasị mkpa n'ógbè nke Russian Federation, ndị kasị ibu ulo oru, omenala, na nkà mmụta sayensị na izi center na a mepụtara ugbo oru nke aku na uba. Ọ na-ama ụgbọelu "Yak", ụwa kacha mma ciment, igosi elu-tech agbachitere iwu, na-ewu a dịgasị iche iche nke ígwè ọrụ maka udo, na-arụpụta ihe oriri ngwaahịa na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ. Ma isi akụ na ụba nke a mara mma na mpaghara, nke ghọọ obi nke Russia, ọ bụ ka ndị ezigbo mmadụ, nkà na-arụsi ọrụ ike. Na ha na-ede akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Saratov, Balashov, Volsk, Balakovo na niile obodo ndị ọzọ, n'obodo nta na obodo nta nke a magburu onwe mpaghara.

The mere enumeration nke ama Saratov natives ga-ukwuu na oge na ohere. Otu n'ime ndị a so dee Leo Kassil, Alexander Yakovlev, arọ Kuzma Petrov-Vodkin, PV Kuznetsov (onye na-dere ama "Kalinka"), ụwa mbụ cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin, na-akwọ ụgbọelu-dike Viktor Talalikhin na Yakov Shishkin , Onye Okike nke agba Academician PD Grushin, eme ihe nkiri Oleg Tabakov, Oleg Yankovsky na Gleb, na-ede uri na fabulist Krylov na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ. The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Saratov jikọtara aha ụgbọelu DC Antonov, ndị so dee Mikhail Bulgakov, onye na-ese Vrubel, Yuri Bykov (Onye Okike nke ohere nkwurịta okwu usoro), ma ọ bụghị ihe niile e depụtara.

N'ihi ya, ọtụtụ nkà ndị mmadụ nwere ike-enye nwa, na-azụ naanị ihe ọhụrụ ihu.