Heterozygous na homozygous ntule

Otu n'ime ndị kasị mkpa Njirimara nke ọ bụla dị ndụ organism bụ si n'aka ruo n'aka, isi evolutionary Filiks nke ụwa, dị ka nke ọma dị ka ndị na nchekwa umu nke umu di iche iche na ya. The kasị nta unit nke si n'aka ruo n'aka-eme site n'usoro - bughi mmewere nke DNA molekul, maka nyefe nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na ozi metụtara na a akpan akpan mma nke ahu. Dabere na ogo ekenyela achị na recessive mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa. A mara mma nke kasị nkeji bụ ikike "ebelata" recessive, na-enye a bụrụkwa mmetụta na organism, adịghị ekwe ka ha na-egosipụta nke mbụ ọgbọ. Otú ọ dị, ọ ga-ahụ kwuru na ndị zuru kwuru, na-ezughị ezu dominance, nke na-achị site n'usoro enweghị ike kpamkpam ebelata ngosipụta nke recessive superdominance na-enye maka ngosipụta nke kwekọrọ ekwekọ atụmatụ na ụdị ike karịa na homozygous ntule. Dabere na ihe ụdị allelic (ie, maka mmepe nke otu ihe ịrịba ama) mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa ọ na-enweta si nne na nna na umu, guzo heterozygous na homozygous ntule.

Definition homozygous organism

Homozygous ntule - na akpọkwa anụ ọhịa, na abụọ nke otu (achị ma ọ bụ recessive) site n'usoro na a akpan akpan ndabere. A akụkụ pụrụ iche nke ndị na-homozygous mmadụ bụ a enweghị segregation nke odide na ha monotony. Ihe kpatara ya bụ tumadi na homozygous genotype nke organism nwere naanị otu ụdị gametes, ẹkedọhọde site a isi obodo akwụkwọ ozi bụrụ na ọ bụ a kasị àgwà, na kwụ mgbe ezo recessive. Heterozygous ntule dị iche na nke na ha nwere dị iche iche alleles, na, ya, na-etolite abụọ dị iche iche nke gametes. Homozygous ntule na isi recessive alleles nwere ike denoted ka aa, BB, aabb, wdg Ntem, homozygous ntule kasị alleles, nwere a koodu AA, BB, AABB.

ihe nakawa etu esi nke nketa

Ịgafe abụọ heterozygous ntule genotypes nke nwere ike conventionally họpụtara dị ka AA (ebe A - achị, na - a ebute), ọ na-enye ohere nke inweta ihe hà puru anọ dị iche iche ihe n'ịgwa nke gametes (variant genotype) site mgbaze na 3: 1 phenotype. N'okpuru genotype na nke a pụtara na a usoro nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na-ebu a diploid set nke a akpan akpan cell; a phenotype - a usoro nke mpụga na esịtidem atụmatụ nke organism na ajụjụ.

Dihybrid cross na ya atụmatụ

Tụlee iwu ejikọrọ na mating usoro, nke gụnyere homozygous ntule. N'otu ikpe, ma ọ bụrụ na e nwere a abụọ na-ngwakọ ma ọ bụ poligibridnoe ịgafe, n'agbanyeghị ọdịdị heritable àgwà, cleavage pụtara na a ruru nke 3: 1, na iwu a bụ irè n'ihi na ọ bụla ibu. Hybridization nke abụọ-emana mmadụ na nke a Nleta anọ isi ụdị nke phenotypes na ruru 9: 3: 3: 1. Ọ bụ uru na-arịba ama na a iwu bụ nti maka homologous ụzọ abụọ nke chromosomes mmekọrịta nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa nke na-adịghị rụrụ n'ime.