Histidine: usoro, chemical Jeremaya mere

Onye ọ bụla n'ime anyị dịkarịa ala otu ugboro ná ndụ na-eche banyere ya nri. Ebe a, ka ihe atụ, ihe kwa ụbọchị norm nke dị iche iche bekee mkpa site ahụ na-abịa anyị nri? Gịnị bụ amino asịd anyị mkpa, na ihe? Taa, anyị na, n'ezie, ka anyị ghara ikwu okwu banyere kwesịrị ekwesị oriri na-edozi dị ka a dum, ebe ọ bụ obere nwa a na ọbụna a iri na abuo isiokwu. Anyị na-agwa naanị otu umi, nke bụ ịrụ ụka adịghị nnọọ mkpa maka ahụ. Nke a amino acid histidine. Ya chemical aha-ada mgbagwoju anya - L-2-amino-3- (1H-imidazol-4-yl) propanoic acid. Ma mbụ ihe mbụ.

Gịnị bụ amino asịd?

Tupu anyị na-atụle Njirimara nke histidine na ya ọrụ na ahụ, anyị ga-aghọta na okwu ahụ bụ "amino acid". Ndị na-ụtọ nke egwuregwu, nụrụ banyere ndị a bekee. An amino acid bụ organic compound enwe abụọ bụ isi ọtọ iche iche na-eme ka ọ pụrụ iche: ndị amino otu -NH _2, na a na-akpọ carboxyl otu -COOH.

Nke mbụ bụ na-ahụ maka ihe ndị bụ isi Njirimara nke a pụrụ iche na klas nke ogige. N'ihi nitrogen na ya amino acid ụzọ electrons nwere ike na-etolite ghaghị ebubo ion. Mgbe amino otu a tọghatara ebe dị otú ahụ ion: -NH ₃ ^+.

The abụọ ọtọ otu maka acid Njirimara. Ọ bụ ike nke na inye onyinye a proton, na-aghọ anion -COO ^-. Ndị dị otú ahụ a onu na-enyere akpụ salts na carboxyl n'akụkụ otu.

N'ihi ya, amino acid nwere akụkụ abụọ, ọ bụla nke bụ ike nke na-akpụ salts. Otu n'ime ha na-enye ndị Njirimara ndị a ogige, asịd, na ndị ọzọ - ahịhịa. Ke ofụri ofụri, amino acid nwere ike na-anọchi anya dị ka: NH ₂ -CH (R) -COOH. Letter R ga-aghọta ebe a dị ka "oké", i.e. ọ bụla organic urughuru esịnede ọtọ iche iche na carbon ọkpụkpụ na ikike nke na-akpụ a nkekọ (ma ọ bụ agbụ) na mkpụrụ molekul amino acid.

Dị ka a na-achị, ọbụna ndị na-bụghị maara na pharmacology na-enweghị mmasị na egwuregwu, ozugbo nụrụ, ọ dịkarịa ala site na mgbasa ozi, na amino asịd anyị mkpa, na ndị nnọọ aka. Ka anyị hụ ihe ọrụ ha na-arụ na ahu na ihe mere i ji mkpa iji nweta ha na achọrọ ọnụego nke nri.

Amino asịd ọrụ na ahu

Dị ka ị maara, anyị niile na-mejupụtara protein, abụba na carbohydrates. Na dị ka anyị na-eri ha dị ka nri ịnọgide na-enwe ya viability. Ma isiokwu nke isiokwu a, anyị na-nwere mmasi na-edozi. Nke a nwere nnukwu molekul, na-arụ a kpamkpam dị iche iche na nnọọ mkpa ọrụ anyị ahu: iga nke bekee, ihe e kere eke nke ọhụrụ mkpụrụ ndụ, na-eme na njikọ n'etiti ụbụrụ akwara ozi. anyị na-ekwu okwu banyere bụghị naanị na-edozi. The eziokwu na niile a bekee na-mejupụtara amino asịd, nke pụrụ ịgụnye histidine. Formula ọbụna mfe protein mejupụtara dịkarịa ala iri amino asịd, ejikọrọ na a polypeptide yinye. Onye ọ bụla n'ime ha nwere ya Ọdịdị na udi na-enye ohere ya ịrụ ọrụ nke e kere eke.

histidine

Usoro na-agụnye ọ bụla amino acid, dị ka anyị hụworo, ọ dịkarịa ala abụọ ọtọ iche iche na a carbon ọkpụkpụ, ejikọta ha. Ọ bụ ya mere ihe dị iche n'etiti niile amino asịd (nke, na mberede, esesịn hụrụ ole na ole nde) bụ ogologo nke carbon akwa ìgwè abụọ ahụ na buu Ọdịdị, adjoint ya.

The isiokwu nke isiokwu a - bụ otu n'ime amino asịd - histidine. Formula a oké mkpa acid siri ike. Isi carbon yinye n'etiti abụọ ọtọ iche iche anyị na-ahụ naanị otu carbon atọm. N'eziokwu, ihe niile dị oké mkpa proteinogenic (ike nke na-eke na-edozi) amino asịd nwekwara naanị otu carbon atọm na yinye. Ọzọkwa, histidine nwere a mgbagwoju anya Ọdịdị buu gụnyere okirikiri. N'elu na ị pụrụ ịhụ na bụ a histidine. The usoro, bughi ikpehe nke bụ na heterocycle (Nsonye nke ọ bụla ọzọ atọm ma e wezụga carbon), bụ n'ezie bụghị ihe kacha siere umi.

Ya mere, anyị ozugbo anyị tụlere isi banye n'eluigwe, ka ime ka Jeremaya mere na nwere ike rụrụ onwe ha na a histidine.

chemical Njirimara

Mmeghachi omume, nke na-ewe a amino acid, bụ nnọọ obere. Ọzọkwa Jeremaya mere na asịd na bases, ọ na-abanye na biuret mmeghachi omume na-etolite acha ngwaahịa. Ọzọkwa, histidine, onye usoro na-agụnye residues nke imidazole nwere ike meghachi omume na sulphanilic acid na Pauli mmeghachi omume.

ọgwụgwụ

Ikekwe niile nke isi ihe anyị na disassembled. Anyị nwere olileanya na isiokwu bụ bara uru ka ị na, nyere unu ọhụrụ ọmụma.