Ịgbado ọkụ ihe: definition, akparamagwa, mmepụta, nchekwa. Isi ịgbado ọkụ ihe

Jikọọ metal owuwu ịgbado ọkụ usoro bụ ihe kasị nkịtị usoro na-ewu, ngwá na-eme, na mmepụta nke ígwè na akụrụngwa. N'oge ịgbado ọkụ, abụọ na-ebupụta na-bonded mgbe agbaze nke nne na nna metal n'okpuru edinam okpomọkụ. Na ọdabara ndọtị surfaced mmewere akpụ mgbe obi jụrụ na crystallization nke na Weld, ma ọ bụ surfacing. The ịgbado ọkụ ihe onwunwe na ẹkenam n'ime wọkspeesi consumable, ugbu a-ebu, na-abụghị consumable electrode ịgbado ọkụ, ma ọ bụ gas. Na-arụ ọrụ, ihe maka ịgbado ọkụ ọrụ a rụrụ:

• site-agbaze, na-akpụ akpụ na ihe aak, ịbụ na saa, solidification nke wụrụ awụ metal na-echebe;
• deoxidized na alloyed metal, ukpụhọde chemical mejupụtara nke nchara;
• wepụrụ ndochi onuete oxides, slag, site na sọlfọ;
• Free barbed arọ nke nitrogen na hydrogen.

Nhazi ọkwa nke ihe maka ịgbado ọkụ

A ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke ihe a chọrọ maka ịgbado ọkụ metal ogige, inhibit kpọmkwem nhazi ọkwa, ma ndị bụ isi dịanyā ihe na-nkewa dị ka ndị a:

• dịanyā waya maka ịgbado ọkụ na ụlọ;
• maka aak ịgbado ọkụ electrodes;
• waya na efere electrodes maka ịgbado ọkụ slag;
• Dịanyā ọzọ ihe discontinuous, na-aga n'ihu, tubular ngalaba;
• Dịanyā ịbịaru, akpọrepu, agbatị alloy n'iwu ma wires, etere gwakọtara powder-mkpuchi;
• combustible gas, ma ọ bụ oxygen;
• ịgbado ọkụ ngwa, Compressor;
• gas cylinders maka ọdịnaya;
• generator na-emepụta calcium carbide acetylene ma ọ bụ acetylene cylinder nrụgide;
• reducer maka mbenata nsogbu nke ịgbado ọkụ gas;
• ọwa maka ịgbado ọkụ, na-ekwesi, fusing na set nke ụdị nozzles na dị iche iche diameters;
• Rubber hoses maka oxygen Ndahie;
• Fluxes na ntụ maka ịgbado ọkụ.

-Agbaze waya, efere na mkpara

Nke a na ụdị electrode eji na gas echebekwa ịgbado ọkụ, submerged aak ịgbado ọkụ, electroslag. A ígwè waya dị ka ịgbado ọkụ ihe onwunwe, na-ekewa elu-alloy, ala-carbon na doped. Na ngụkọta 77 umu nke ngwaahịa ndị a kpebisiri ike site ngwaahịa mix. Site na-ahọpụta ndị chọrọ ika, na-agbanwe chemical mejupụtara nke Weld. Eji mejupụtara nke waya, yiri isi metal. Njirimara ịgbado ọkụ ihe onwunwe ga-esoriri na GOST na gosiri na nkwakọ.

Alloy na ala-na-carbon ígwè maka imewe nke ọla kọpa-clad waya na-ekewa na ọla kọpa-free. A na-eji maka ntuziaka ịgbado ọkụ waya, chopped n'ime iberibe nke ogologo 360 400 mm. Ọnọ n'ji na-apụta nke erikpu 20 ruo 85 n'arọ. All coils na-onwem na a labelụ egosi na emeputa na teknuzu afọ nke waya.

Efere eji maka electroslag ịgbado ọkụ. Arc ịgbado ọkụ a rụrụ aka site n'aka otu electrode metal mkpanaka na a pụrụ iche mkpuchi, nke a na-akpọ electrode. The electrodes na-ekewa dabere na ọkpụrụkpụ na mejupụtara nke edebe oyi akwa na rụọ ya. Ọkpụrụkpụ iche karịsịa oké, ọkara na mkpa mkpuchi. Atọ dị iche iche na GOST ozi iji kewaa electrodes dabere na n'ichepụta ziri ezi na ọdịnaya nke sọlfọ na site na mkpuchi mejupụtara. Pịnye ịgbado ọkụ ihe ntekwasa na stabilizer, binders, deoxidizing, alloying mmiri denoted site letters:

• mkpuchi na acidic nwekwara - A;
• isi classic version - B;
• cellulose mkpuchi mmako - C;
• blended ihe nke elu oyi akwa - P.

Non-consumable electrodes na mkpara welded na ịgbado ọkụ igwe

N'ihi na ejikọta ebupụta gas echebekwa ịgbado ọkụ eji pụrụ iche ihe. Mkpebi siri ike nke ịgbado ọkụ na-nyere dị ka a usoro iji dị ka a okpomọkụ iyi ihe electric aak n'etiti electrode na elu. Okirikiri electrodes mere nke tungsten na a dayameta nke 5-10 mm nri eletrik na aak ebe. Dị ka a na ihe onwunwe na-eji dị ọcha tungsten ma ọ bụ nwekwara na-kwukwara lanthanum oxides, yttrium, sodium dioxide. Tungsten apụghị-eji dochie ihe dị oké ọnụ metal, dị ka ọ bụ refractory, a elu esi ebe (5900 ° C) na-eji maka ịgbado ọkụ na kpọmkwem na nwetụ ugbu a.

The ojiji nke oxygen

Oxygen dị arọ karịa ikuku, ọ na-akwalite combustion nke gas na vapors na a elu na-agba, okpomọkụ a na-enweta na elu agbaze ebe. Mmekọrịta nke abịakọrọ oxygen na ọdụdụ mmanụ na lubricants iduga n'amaghi mgbanye na mgbawa, otú na-arụ ọrụ na cylinders nke oxygen a rụrụ ọcha ọnọdụ, enweghị ihe ize ndụ nke dị otú ahụ ofufe. Nchekwa nke ịgbado ọkụ ihe ndị dị ka oxygen na-emepụta na nnabata na ọkụ nchekwa ụkpụrụ.

Ịgbado ọkụ technical oxygen na-ewepụtara ikuku. The ikuku emeso ke pụrụ iche nkewa apparatuses, adịghị na-ewepụ carbon dioxide, ikpeazụ ngwaahịa Fikiere. Liquid oxygen iga na nchekwa achọ pụrụ iche containers na elu thermal mkpuchi.

Jiri nke acetylene

Acetylene bụ a compound nke oxygen na hydrogen. Nke a combustible gas na a nkịtị okpomọkụ bụ na a gaseous ala. Colorless gas nwere adịghị amonia na hydrogen sulfide. Ọ bụ a dị ize ndụ flammable ihe onwunwe. Ịgbado ọkụ mgbali 1.5 kgf / cm ² ma ọ bụ ngwa ngwa kpo oku 400 ° C bụ zuru ezu maka gbawaranụ. Mepụta gas site aak-agbapụta n'ahụ, Ọrụ nkewa nke mmiri mmiri combustible mejuputara ma ọ bụ decomposition nke calcium carbide n'okpuru edinam nke mmiri.

Acetylene gas nọ n'ọnọdụ

The chọrọ na-ekwe ka ịgbado ọkụ ihe eji maka ụzọ dị mmiri mmiri na gas ndị ọzọ. Ha na-eji, ma ọ bụrụ na kpo oku okpomọkụ karịa ugboro abụọ metal gbazee index. Maka combustion nke dị iche iche iche nke gas na-achọ a ụfọdụ ego nke oxygen abanye burner. Flammable bekee kama acetylene na-eji n'ihi na ha na ala na-eri na-ekwe omume nke zuru ebe nile mmepụta. Ha na-eji dị iche iche ọrụ, ma were nke ọzọ a na-ejedebeghị ha dịtụ ala kpo oku ná mba ọzọ.

Wires na ịgbado ọkụ fluxes

N'ihi na ịgbado ọkụ waya bụghị ọdabara amaghị unidentified akara. The elu nke dịanyā waya na rụrụ ire ụtọ na free si nchara, ọnụ ọgụgụ, griiz. Ọ na-ahọrọ si agbaze index nke bụ ala e ji mara nke welded ígwè. Otu nke qualitative Njirimara nke waya bụ ya jiri nwayọọ nwayọọ na-enweghị nkọ agbaze ejection ịgba. Ka isịneke, ma ọ bụrụ na ọ bụghị iwu na waya maka ịgbado ọkụ ọla, idu ndú, ọla kọpa, igwe anaghị agba nchara na-eji chopped metal warara nke otu ihe onwunwe na-ejikọ.

Mgbe ịgbado ọkụ ọla dị ka aluminum, magnesium, ọla kọpa, ọla, igba ígwè, e nwere onye na-arụsi ọrụ ike mmekọrịta agba ịkpụzi na oxygen si ikuku ma ọ bụ ndị oxidizing ire ọkụ. The mmeghachi omume na-eduga ná guzobe oxides na elu agbaze ihe, nke ike-emerụ film na siere mgbanwe ihe onwunwe na a elu na mmiri mmiri ala. Ịgbado ọkụ ihe onwunwe na-akpọ agbanwe oge, esịnede a tapawa ma ọ bụ a ntụ ntụ nke kwesịrị ekwesị mejupụtara, na-eji chebe wụrụ awụ ọdọ mmiri n'elu. The ihe onwunwe bụ boric acid, calcined borax. Fluxes na-adịghị eji na ịgbado ọkụ alloyed steels.

Safety mmiri akara

Ngwaọrụ maka ichebe roba anwụrụ na gas generator si alọta agbara ọkụ burners akpọ ụzọ ámá. Chọrọ maka ịgbado ọkụ ihe na-ekpebisi ike na mmiri ọnyà na-wuru dị otú ahụ na oxygen anaghị edita ma ọ bụ acetylenically ibu ke onu burner ma ọ bụ ọwa. Water ọnyà bụ bụchaghị ugbu ke ngwaọrụ nhazi, ya bụ ọkụ nchekwa chọrọ na-bụchaghị rụrụ.

The mmechi-etinye na ọdịiche dị n'etiti ndị ọwa na ọwa, dị ka ntụziaka na ọ bụ mma ma na-oge jupụtara na mmiri na-a larịị ọnọdụ. Nke a ngwaọrụ bụ isi circuit nke ịgbado ọkụ akụrụngwa.

Cylinders maka nchekwa nke abịakọrọ, haruru

Cylinders mere ígwè arịa cylindrical udi. The conical onu n'olu òkè mechiri emechi emechi-apụ valvụ na eri. Onyinye balloon mgbidi mere enweghị nkebi n'ụzọ, na ihe onwunwe na-alloyed carbon ígwè. Agba imecha na-eme ka o kwe omume na-aghọta ụdị gas enịm n'ime. Oxygen na-ebu na-acha anụnụ anụnụ arịa, acetylene cylinders na-ese na-acha ọcha, odo-akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ tint nke kwuru hydrogen ọdịnaya, ndị fọdụrụ combustible, haruru na-enịm ke a red akpa.

On top nke gas cylinder na-dere nameplate data. Nchekwa chọrọ ịgbado ọkụ ihe edepụta cylinders arụnyere ekwesị na ofu na mgbidi olu akwa. Sịlịnda valves maka nchekwa nke oxygen ka nke ọla, na ígwè iji na ekwegh ruru corrosion nke ihe na gaseous ọkara. Cranes acetylene gas cylinders ka ígwè, a machibidoro iwu iji ọla kọpa na ọla kọpa alloy nwere karịa 70%. Acetylene Nleta ihe mgbawa ngwakọta na njikọ na ọla kọpa.

gas gearboxes

Dị otú ahụ ịgbado ọkụ ihe onwunwe dị ka reducer na-eje ozi iji tọgharịa gas nsogbu cylinder na ịnọgide na-enwe na-egosi na a mgbe nile na-larịị n'oge dum ọrụ oge n'agbanyeghị Mbelata mgbali na balloon ihe onwunwe. Reducers tọhapụrụ sọrọ-ulo na-alụbeghị di-ụlọ. The mbụ ọrụ ọzọ rụọ ọrụ nke ọma, nsogbu na-nọgidere na-enwe mgbe nile nakwa na ọ dịghị ifriizi n'oge ruo ogologo oge iji gas mixtures. Maka inye gas na burner bụ roba sooks na ákwà lining na-agafe a mbido ule nke ike na isi ihe mgbochi, dị ka e nwere ndị pụrụ iche akwụkwọ. Iche iche ide hoses maka oxygen na acetylene. N'ihi kerosin na mmanụ ụgbọala ịgba akwụkwọ eji aka uwe nke a ihe onwunwe eguzogide mmanụ ụgbọala.

A chọrọ maka ihe maka ịgbado ọkụ

N'ihi na ụdị ọ bụla nke ịgbado ọkụ ihe na-eji dị ike ụkpụrụ, nke o doro anya na kwuru na ọ bụ ihe ndị a chọrọ maka nnabata na ịchịkwa. All ọzọ na wee na mmepụta nke ịgbado ọkụ consumables na factory na-ọnọ na a akwụkwọ ikwu oru parameters:

• banye emeputa nnweta onunu;
• akara esịnede akwụkwọ ozi na nọmba na-egosi na ika na ụdị;
• Oghere Usoro ahụ ọnụ ọgụgụ nke-agbaze nke ọzọ na mgbanwe;
• egosi ma ọ bụ na a n'elu ala nke electrode waya;
• na chemical mejupụtara nke alloy na pasent egosi;
• n'ibu e ji mara na n'ihi Weld onuete;
• net arọ.

General chọrọ maka niile nke electrodes na-stably ọkụ aak, ọma kpụrụ onuete. Metal hardfacing nwetara kwekọrọ a gaghị agara chemical mejupụtara,-agbaze ụtarị mgbe arụ ọrụ na-evenly enweghị splashing na excretion of bekee. Waya na-akwalite mmepụta nke elu-edu ịgbado ọkụ, na slag wepụrụ si nkwonkwo n'elu mfe onuete mkpuchi bụ inogide. Electrodes nkọwa na-echekwara maka ogologo oge.

Ịrụ ịgbado ọkụ usoro bụla zuru ezu. The ojiji nke edu ihe na-arụ ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na usoro nke na mụ na inogide metal ogige.