Low carbon ígwè: mejupụtara na Njirimara

Low carbon ígwè bụ ubiquitous. Ewu ewu dabeere na anụ ahụ, chemical Njirimara na ala na-eri. Nke a alloy na ọtụtụ-eji ụlọ ọrụ na-ewu. Ka anyị tụlee ụdị ígwè.

Ọdịdị

Steel - ígwè enriched na carbon n'oké usoro. N'ihi na-ahụkarị carbon agbaze ọnụnọ nke carbon, nke na-ekpebi ihe ndị bụ isi Njirimara nke metal, na adịghị: site (ruo 0,07%), sịlịkọn (0.35%), sọlfọ (ruo 0,06%), manganese (ruo 0,8% ). N'ihi ya, ala carbon ígwè nwere karịa 0,25% carbon. N'ihe banyere ndị ọzọ nwekwara, manganese na sịlịkọn bụ deoxidation (oxygen mwepụ si wụrụ awụ metal, nke na-ebelata brittleness n'oge na-ekpo ọkụ deformation). Ma ụba pasent nke sọlfọ pụrụ iduga cracking nke alloy n'oge kwes nhazi nke phosphorus - na oyi na-atụ.

Ụzọ maka nkwadebe

Production nke ala-carbon alloy nwere ike ghoro ọtụtụ nkebi: loading n'ime ọkụ ahụ, na scrap ígwè (-ndebe), ihe kwes mmetụta na-agbaze ala, mwepụ nke adịghị ọcha uka. Ọzọ, mgbatị nwere ike nchara ma ọ bụ ndị ọzọ ọgwụgwọ: slag ma ọ bụ agụụ, na inert, haruru.

N'ihi na-egbu ndị a Filiks bụ ụzọ atọ:

• Open n'ekwú furnaces. The kasị ngwá. The agbaze usoro-eme n'ime awa ole na ole, nke na-enye ohere nlekota àgwà nke mejupụtara laboratories.
• Convection oven. Mepụtara ịfụ oxygen. Ọ ga-kwuru na alloys nwetara n'ụzọ a na-adịghị nke elu mma n'ihi na ha nwere a ibu ego nke adịghị.
• Na itinye n'ọkwa furnaces. Mmepụta usoro a na-eji a slag. N'ụzọ dị otú a, elu-edu na pụrụ iche alloys.

Tụlee atụmatụ nke nhazi ọkwa nke alloys.

ụdị

Low carbon ígwè nwere ike nke atọ ụdị:

• Nkezi àgwà. The sọlfọ ọdịnaya nke ndị dị otú ahụ alloys adịghị gafere 0,06%, site 0,07%.
• Quality. Na ọnụnọ nke mejupụtara: ruo 0,04% sọlfọ, ruo 0,035% site.
• Elu mma. The sọlfọ ọdịnaya ka 0,025% site ruo 0,025%
• Special àgwà. The ala ọdịnaya nke adịghị: ruo 0,015% sọlfọ, site - 0,025%.

Dị ka e kwuru na mbụ, nta adịghị, mma àgwà nke alloy. Nwayọọ Steel GOST 380-94 nkịtị quality ka ekewa atọ dị iche iche:

• A. kpebisiri ike site ya n'ibu Njirimara. Ụdị nke nnyefe na n'ji esiwak hụrụ n'ụdị a multidisciplinary na mpempe akwụkwọ na ngwaahịa.
• B. Key egosi - na chemical mejupụtara na Njirimara. Kacha n'ibu mmetụta mgbali n'okpuru thermal akpata (ibe ya bụrụ, zọ).
• B. N'ihi na ndị a na ụdị alloys dị Njirimara: oru, na nkà na ụzụ, nke anụ ahụ, chemical, na Ya mere mejupụtara.

Site usoro nke deoxidation ígwè ekewa:

• Obi nwayọọ. solidification usoro-ewe ebe n'udo. Gas dị otú ahụ a usoro adịghị ekenyela. Shrinkage pụtara na n'etiti ingot.
• Semikilled. Intermediate ígwè ụdị esi n'agbata nwayọọ na ikwọ.
• Esi. Solidification emee na gas evolushọn. Piping zoro ezo ụdị.

Key Njirimara

Low carbon ígwè e ji akwa ductility, ọ na-adị mfe nkwarụ na oyi na-atụ ala na na-ekpo ọkụ. A akụkụ pụrụ iche nke a alloy dị mma weldability. Dabere na Njirimara nke nchara ọzọ ọcha nwere ike ịdị iche iche. Ọtụtụ mgbe, ala-carbon alloys na-eji ewu na ụlọ ọrụ. Nke a bụ n'ihi na ala price na ezi ike Njirimara. Nke a alloy na-akpọ bughi. Njirimara nke ala-na-carbon ígwè na-itinye na koodu na labelụ. N'okpuru ebe anyị ga-ele anya na ya atụmatụ.

labeling Atụmatụ

Ahụkarị nwayọọ ígwè nwere a akwụkwọ ozi designation CT na dijitalụ. The nọmba ga-ekewa site 100, mgbe ahụ, ọ ga-aghọta na pasent nke carbon ọdịnaya. Ka ihe atụ, ST15 (0.15% carbon).

Tụlee marking na ghọta nnọchianya:

• Akwụkwọ ozi mbụ ma ọ bụ enweghị ya kwuru banyere nke a ma ọ bụ na dị ka otu ìgwè. O nwere ike ịbụ B ma ọ bụ C. Ọ bụrụ na e nweghị akwụkwọ ozi, mgbe ahụ, otu alloy bụ nke na udi A.
• Cm na-egosi na okwu bụ "ígwè".
• Digital signage - ezoro ezo carbon pasent.
• KP, Ọma - egosi esi ma ọ bụ semikilled alloy. The enweghị designation na-egosi na gburu ígwè (cn).
• Na a akwụkwọ ozi designation mgbe digital ekpughe ọ bụla adịghị esịne ke mejupụtara, na ha pasent. Ka ihe atụ, T - manganese, YU - aluminum, F - vanadium.

ozi designation "St" na-akanye na-adịghị etinye aka elu-edu ala-carbon ígwè. Ọzọkwa, agba designation na-etinyere. Ka ihe atụ, ala carbon ígwè ọkwa 10 na-acha ọcha na agba. Steel pụrụ iche na nzube nwere ike denoted site ọzọ odide. Ka ihe atụ, "K" - na-eji na ji esi mmiri ọkụ na-ewu; Nnu - eji Nlụpụta ụgbọ ala axles, wdg ...

emepụta ngwaahịa

E nwere ọtụtụ dị iche iche nke ígwè na ngwaahịa:

• Mpempe akwụkwọ ígwè. Subspecies: akpọrepu (GOST 19903-74) akpọrepu (GOST 19904-74), wideband (GOST 8200-70), ibe (GOST 103-76) bụ corrugated (GOST 8568-78)
• Angled profaịlụ. Equilateral (GOST 8509-93), ahaghị (GOST 8510-86).
• Channels (GOST 8240-93).
• I-ibé. I-doo nkịtị (GOST 8239-89), I-doo, wide- (GOST 26020-83, STO AISU 20-93).
• Ọkpọkọ.
• Profiled flooring.

Iji a ndepụta tinye abụọ ngalaba, nke na-kpụrụ ịgbado ọkụ ọrụ na machined.

Fields nke ngwa

Ubi nke ojiji nke ala carbon ígwè n'ọtụtụ ebe na-adabere na-akanye:

• Cm 0, 1, 3Gsp. Ọtụtụ-eji na-ewu. Dị ka ihe atụ, a nwee ume waya nke dịkwa nwayọọ ígwè,
• 05kp, 08, 08kp, 08U. Good maka punching na oyi na-atụ ịbịaru (elu plasticity). Ha na-eji akpakanamde ụlọ ọrụ: akụkụ ahụ, mmanụ tankị, coils, akụkụ nke welded owuwu.
• 10, 15 na-eji akụkụ na-adịghị doro elu ibu. Ọkpọkọ maka boilers, punching, couplings, bolts, kposara.
• 18kp. Ahụkarị ngwa - ewu, nke a rụrụ na-enyemaka nke ịgbado ọkụ.
• 20, 25. Ọ na ọtụtụ-eji maka imewe nke kpọgide ihe. Couplings, valvụ tappets, okpokolo agba na n'akụkụ ndị ọzọ nke ugbo ígwè ọrụ.
• 30, 35. anyụike na nke ibu bụ obere, sprockets, Kwadobe na na. D.
• 40, 45, 50. Nkọwa enwe nkezi ibu. Ka ihe atụ, crankshafts, esemokwu discs.
• 60-85. Parts n'okpuru elu ibu. O nwere ike ịbụ rails maka ụgbọ okporo ígwè wheel maka cranes, isi iyi, washers.

Dị ka a pụrụ hụrụ, na-emepụta ọtụtụ nso - bụghị naanị a ala-carbon ígwè waya. Ọ na-nkọwa mgbagwoju usoro.

Low alloy na ala-na-carbon ígwè: iche

N'ihi na kwukwara mma nke ọ bụla e ji mara nke alloy alloying ọcha. Steels na-ebu cheb ala ego nke carbon (ruo a nkeji iri na ise percent) na dopants (ngụkọta pasent - 4%) na-akpọ ala alloyed. Dị otú ahụ Rolling ekwusi elu Weld quality, ma dị iche iche Njirimara na-enwekwukwa. Dị ka ihe atụ, ike, anticorrosion arụmọrụ na na. A, ma ụdị na-eji welded owuwu na-aghaghị idi okpomọkụ nso si mwepu 40 ruo plus 450 degrees Celsius.

ịgbado ọkụ Atụmatụ

Ịgbado ọkụ nke carbon steels nwere nnukwu udu. Ịgbado ọkụ ụdị, electrodes na ha ọkpụrụkpụ họrọ dabere na ndị na-esonụ technical data:

• The compound ga-abụrụ-eguzosi o sie.
• E kwesịrị dịghị seams ntụpọ.
• The chemical mejupụtara nke Weld-rụrụ dị ụkpụrụ kpọmkwem na GOST.
• Welded njikọ ga-ezute na-arụ ọrụ na ọnọdụ (vibration eguzogide, n'ibu nchegbu, okpomọkụ ọchịchị).

E nwere ike dị iche iche mee iche iche nke ịgbado ọkụ si ịgbado ọkụ gas ka a carbon dioxide na gburugburu ebe obibi consumable electrode. Mgbe ị na-gaa na akaụntụ nhọrọ nke elu fusibility ala-carbon na ala-na-alloy.

Na kpọmkwem banyere akporo, na ala carbon ígwè na-eji na-ewu na injinịa. Steel ọkwa a họọrọ dabeere na chọrọ mmepụta anụ ahụ na chemical Njirimara. Ọnụnọ nke alloying ọcha nwere ike mma otu ihe onwunwe (iguzogide corrosion, okpomọkụ mgbanwe), ma na-ịkparị ndị ọzọ. Good weldability - ọzọ uru nke ndị dị otú ahụ alloys.

Ya mere, anyị hụrụ na a ngwaahịa na-ala-carbon na ala-na-alloy ígwè.