Ipatiev House na Yekaterinburg. The égbè nke ezinụlọ eze na ụlọ Ipatiev

Ekaterinburg bụ ma ama n'ụwa nile dị ka a n'obodo nke onye Bolsheviks obi ọjọọ gbara ndị ezinụlọ Emperor Nicholas II. The ikpeazụ ebe mkpọrọ na ogbugbu nke eze, nwunye ya na ụmụ a họọrọ Ipatiev House. The adreesị nke ọ e odude (Voznesensky Prospekt, 49/9), taa echeta ọtụtụ obodo, ma na-agwa gị otú ahụ n'onwe ya anya nwere ike ọ bụghị ihe niile. Nke a abụghị ihe ijuanya, n'ihi na ulo, nke nọrọ niile nke ndụ ya nke ezinụlọ eze, e bibie ya n'afọ 1977. Taa, ọ dị nnọọ na-echetara ochie foto na obere arịa na Yekaterinburg ngosi ihe mgbe ochie.

iju ukem ini

Na-amụ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Russian ezinụlọ eze, ị ga-achọpụta ihe na-akpali eziokwu. Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich, onye ghọrọ nchoputa nke Romanov usoro ndị eze, a na-akpọsa achị Russia na March 1613 mgbe a ememe ekenịmde ke Ipatiev Obibi nso Kostroma. Ma ihe ọ ga-e dere na, na-eme ọtụtụ anya. The ikpeazụ nnọchiteanya nke otu ụdị, edidem Nicholas II, na ndị ya niile nọ n'ezinụlọ na na July 1918, e gburu na Ipatiev ụlọ Yekaterinburg. Mgbe ahụ, Romanov usoro ndị eze kwụsịrị ịdị adị.

Mere Ipatiev ụlọ?

Ebe obibi ndị mọnk nke otu aha, nke e gọzie na osisi Mikhail Fedorovich, na ulo ebe shot Nicholas II na ezinụlọ ya, na Soviet oge ọ bụ dị nnọọ a ukem ini. Ma, ọ bụ n'ezie otú? Modern akụkọ ihe mere eme kweere na ụlọ Ipatiev Nicholas Nikolaevich na Bolsheviks họọrọ dị ka saịtị nke igbu-enweghị ihe mere, na nyere gosiri na nke ozizi ya nke ezi ihe mere.

Mgbe abdication na March 1917 si n'ocheeze nke ikpeazụ Russian eze ukwu na ezinụlọ ya a chụgara Tobolsk. Ọ dịghị ihe gbochiri Bolsheviks kpọrọ ha asị obibi eze na a Siberia obodo, ma n'ihi ihe ụfọdụ ha were ya ka Ekaterinburg. N'agbanyeghị ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke ụlọ, maka ntaramahụhụ ọ hoputara ọ dịghị ụzọ dị ịrịba ama ulo engineer Ipatiev. Ụfọdụ oge a na akụkọ ihe mere eme kweere na ihe mere nke a nhọrọ bụ mmata nke Nicholas Roerich Peter Voykova - Commissioner nke Ural Bolsheviks Board e aka kpọmkwem n'ịhazi égbè nke ezinụlọ eze.

Na 1913 na-eme ememe ndị 300th ncheta nke Romanov usoro ndị eze na Russia, Ipatievsky obibi ndị mọnk bụ otu n'ime ndị isi na emmepe nke ememe ndị ahụ. Aha ya bụ na onye ọ bụla egbugbere ọnụ, n'ihi ya, mgbe Bolsheviks họọrọ ezinụlọ eze igbu Ipatiev House na Yekaterinburg, ha ndị yiri ka na-eme ya uche na ụma, na-enye ndị na-abịanụ igbu ọchụ nke a ụfọdụ atụ.

The mbụ nwe nke mansion

The ọrịa-fated ụlọ e wuru na mbubreyo 80-ies nke XIX narị afọ dị ka a na Ngwuputa engineer, a ala kansulo Ivan Redikortsevym. Ebe maka ọdịnihu ha ala, ọ họọrọ na n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ ná mkpọda nke ugwu nke Ascension. The ụlọ e wuru na a echiche nke chakoo. Ya ọwụwa anyanwụ bụ a onye-akụkọ. Ebe a bụ isi n'ọnụ ụzọ ụlọ, ụlọ na n'okpuru ala na ohere na-eduga n'ebe ndịda facade nke manor. The n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke ụlọ gụnyere abụọ ala na a ekwusa. The obosara nke ụlọ bụ 18 m, na ogologo - 31 m Ọ e wuru na ọhụrụ technology :. E nwere ọkụ eletrik, mmiri, Sewerage na ekwentị. Ulo nke ulo anya ọgaranya: ha mgbidi mma na stucco tubà ígwè mgbatị na nkà sere mee ihe n'uko.

Redikortsevu e kara aka ịnọgide na ogologo onye nwe mansion. N'ihi nsogbu ego na 1898, o rere ala na ụlọ nke Gold Sharavevu. Mgbe 10 afọ, ụlọ gbanwere aka ọzọ, nke a oge ọ bụ a obodo engineer Nikolai Ipatiev. Ya na ezinụlọ ya biri na ụlọ nke abụọ nke ụlọ. Ke ogige, emi odude ke ala akụkụ nke ụlọ, o meghere ya ụlọ ọrụ Ipatyev nkwekọrịta ọrụ.

Mbata nke ezinụlọ eze na ala na ụlọ

Site n'usoro nke Ural Council na April 1918, Ipatiev House e requisitioned. The Bolsheviks nyere onye nwe ụbọchị abụọ nke na-ahapụ ụlọ. Ebe ọ bụ na Nikolai Nikolaevich n'oge a abụghị Yekaterinburg, ya onwe ya nwere na-bibie na nchekwa ụlọ, emi odude nso Re, ebe a ọnwa ole na ole nke Romanovs gbara. Mgbe requisitioning ala na ụlọ e gbara ya gburugburu a abụọ nsu, ofụri ya n'ókèala ike nche posts, na enịm ke n'ihu nke sentiri. Kemgbe ahụ na ruo ogbugbu nke eze, Bolsheviks akpọ House nke ala na ụlọ pụrụ iche.

Jidere eze na ezinụlọ ya mere ka Ipatiev House na Yekaterinburg na ụbọchị ikpeazụ nke April 1918. Ọnụ na ha bịara n'ụlọ engineer 5 ndị mmadụ na-akwado pesonel: dọkịta E. Botkin footman Trupp A. odibo Demidova, esi nri Kharitonov gị na-enyere ya aka L. Sednov. Nicholas II na nwunye na ụmụ enịm ke abụọ n'akụkụ ụlọ dị n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke ụlọ. Ozugbo n'okpuru ndị a ụlọ ọrụ bụ a okpuru ulo. Na ụlọ iri-chọpụtara nke odibo nke Eze Nwanyị Ukwu, na na nnukwu ọnụ ụlọ - a dọkịta na a lackey. ọtụtụ posts na nche e ruo eruo na ụlọ. Gaa mposi ma ọ bụ ime ụlọ ịwụ, mkpọrọ nke pụrụ iche na nzube ụlọ ndị rue nchebe.

égbè

The ala na ụlọ Ipatief ezinụlọ eze, ya na ndị na-ejere nọrọ ikpeazụ 78 ụbọchị nke ndụ ya. N'uhuruchi July 16, 1918, Romanovs gara bed, dị na mbụ, na 22.30. N'abalị ha n'ụra na gwara gbadaa okpuru ulo nke Ipatiev House. Mgbe niile asaa ndị òtù nke Romanov ezinụlọ, dị ka nke ọma dị ka 4 mmadụ orù (osote onye siri nri Sednova L. bụ n'etiti ha, n'ihi na ụbọchị na tupu e wepụrụ si n'ulo) ndị ke Re, ọ na-agụ ndị na-mkpebi ozugbo e mesịa gbara.

The n'ihu akara aka nke ulo

A ụbọchị ole na ole mgbe ndị égbè e mere Romanovs na Yekaterinburg bịara ọcha. House ọzọ ebe n'ime onwunwe nke Ipatiev, ma o biri ndụ na ya nnọọ a bit na kwaga si mba. Mgbe ahụ, mansion dị n'isi ụlọ ọrụ nke onyeisi ndị Siberia Army General Radoly eduzi. A afọ mgbe e mesịrị, obodo ọzọ n'okpuru akara nke Bolsheviks. Ipatiev House ghọrọ ụlọ ọrụ nke Red Army.

Ụdi afọ, ndị mansion chọpụtara iche iche itieutom. Na afọ 1927-1938 e eguzobe Museum nke mgbanwe. Ọbịa ya gosiri bụghị naanị ebe nke ụlọ, ma Re, nke e mere na-egbu nke Romanovs. Ke 30 ụlọ ghọọ ihe mgbochi-okpukpe, na omenala na izi ihe ngosi nka, mgbe ahụ ka Board nke esite-, a n'alaka ụlọ ọrụ nke Institute of Culture, party-edebe ihe ochie. N'oge agha na Ipatiev ụlọ e wee kpọpụrụ Leningrad hermitage ngosi. Na agha oge ahụ ọzọ meghere Party Archive, mgbe ahụ, ụlọ ahụ e nyefere n'aka ndị Provincial Department of Culture, na emeela a ọzụzụ center ebe a. -chọpụtara "Sayuzdruk" Management na otu akụkụ nke mansion. Ke Re nke ulo a kwadebere n'ụzọ na a nkwakọba. N'afọ 1974 ụlọ ghọrọ otu n'ime akụkọ ihe mere eme ncheta nke mba dị mkpa.

Ntikpọ nke ụlọ

Ke ufọt ufọt 70-ies nke XX narị afọ ndị ọchịchị Soviet ukwuu nchegbu banyere ụba uche nke ndị mba ọzọ n'ụlọ engineer Ipatiev. Na 1978, dị nnọọ 2 e mere ndokwa gburugburu ụbọchị: 110 ncheta nke ọmụmụ Nikolaya Romanova, na afọ 60 ebe ọ bụ na ogbugbu e gburu ya. Iji zere mama gburugburu ụlọ Ipatiev, KGB onyeisi oche Yuri Andropov mere a amaghị na ya demolition. Mkpebi ikpeazụ na mbibi nke ndị na mansion were Boris Yeltsin, bụ onye na-họpụtara mbụ odeakwụkwọ nke Sverdlovsk mpaghara kọmitii nke Communist Party.

Ipatiev House, guzo fọrọ nke nta ka afọ 90, e bibiri n'ala na September 1977. Iji mezuo nke a, ndị na-ebukọrọ were 3 ụbọchị, a katapila na a bọl nke na-baba. The pretext maka mbibi nke ụlọ bụ kpara nwughari nke obodo center. Taa, na saịtị ebe ozugbo guzoro na Ipatiev ụlọ, ụlọ nche Church nke Ọbara. Ndị obodo wuru ya na ebe nchekwa nke gburu eze ukwu na ndị òtù ezinụlọ ya.