Isi conductive ụzọ nke ọgidigi azụ

Ịchịkwa dum ma ọ bụ onye ọ bụla ngwa, ụgbọala, chọrọ conductive ụzọ nke ọgidigi azụ. Ha isi ọrụ bụ ka usu nnyefe, zigara mmadụ "kọmpụta" ga-ahụ, n'ezie. Ọ bụla odida na usoro nke na-eziga ma ọ bụ na-ewere a usu ma ọ bụ mpiaji ọmịiko ọdịdị bụ fraught na oké njọ pathologies na ahụ ike ná ndụ.

Gịnị bụ ụzọ na ụbụrụ na ọgidigi azụ?

N'ụzọ nke ụbụrụ na ọgidigi azụ eje ozi dị ka mgbagwoju nural owuwu. Na N'ezie nke ọrụ ha ghọtara na nkwa nke pulsed ịtụnanya na kpọmkwem ebe nke isi awọ okwu. N'ezie, pulses na-n'ókè eji ahụ na-eme ihe na oku na-aga n'ụbụrụ. Ọtụtụ ìgwè akwara ozi dị iche iche na ndị na-na-conductive udo ụzọ. Ndị a gụnyere:

• ntule akwara;
• associative ụzọ;
• commissural adịgide adịgide spines.

Ke adianade do, operability nke ọkpụkpụ azụ na-eduzi odi iche na-esonụ nhazi ọkwa dị ka nke ha nwere ike ịbụ:

• moto;
• aka.

Mmetuta nghọta na moto ọrụ nke ụmụ mmadụ

Ma ọ bụ sensory ụzọ mwute ọgidigi azụ na ụbụrụ na-ihe dị oké mkpa nke na-ekwurịta okwu n'etiti abụọ kasị dị mgbagwoju usoro ke idem. Ha zigara ya eche nkwa ọ bụla ngwa, muscle emep uta eri, aka na ụkwụ. Ozugbo ozi nke usu mgbaàmà - isi na mmejuputa iwu-nke kwetara co-ordinated mmadụ mmegharị, rụrụ na-enweghị ngwa nke ọ bụla mgbalị. Pulses zitere ụbụrụ akwara ozi nwere ike na-aghọta site na uche nke aka ahụ, echiche nke ihe mgbu, ahu okpomọkụ mode, nkwonkwo na muscle motility.

Motor ụzọ nke spinal ụbụrụ chọpụta àgwà nke mmadụ mpiaji mmeghachi omume. Inye nkwa nke usu n'ókè site na isi na riiji endings na mpiaji muscular usoro, ha na-enye onye ike njide onwe moto nkà - nchikota. Ọzọkwa na ndị a ụzọ maka inducing nnyefe nke gboo na ntụziaka nke visual na auditory akụkụ.

Ebe bụ ụzọ?

Mgbe akafiakde ese na anatomical hallmarks nke ọgidigi azụ, ị ga-emeso na eziokwu ebe nnọọ conductive ụzọ nke ọgidigi azụ na-emi odude, dị ka a okwu na-azọrọ na e ọtụtụ akwara ozi na ákwà. Ha na-enịm ke kpọmkwem dị mkpa bekee: isi awọ na-acha ọcha. Ibe cortex na spinal mpi ekpe ma ziri ezi ammamihe, na nural ụzọ site njikọ enye kọntaktị n'etiti abụọ data nkewa.

The ọrụ nke na-eduzi ndị kasị mkpa ụmụ mmadụ na akụkụ ke mmejuputa iwu nke bu n'obi ebumnobi site kpọmkwem ngalaba. Karịsịa, conductive ụzọ nke ọgidigi azụ na-emi odude n'ime elu vertebra na a n'isi, kọwara n'ụzọ sara mbara karị bụ omume n'ụzọ dị otú a:

1. Associative njikọ - a ụdị "àkwà mmiri" na jikọọ na mpaghara n'etiti ammamihe cortex na spinal nuclei umi. Na ha eriri Ọdịdị ime dị iche iche nha. Dịtụ mkpirikpi na-agabigaghị Ụwa ma ọ bụ ụbụrụ lobes. Longer akwara ozi ebunye pulses agafe a ụfọdụ anya ka isi awọ okwu.
2. Commissural otú ahụ na callused Ọdịdị na-arụ ọrụ nke e guzobere ọhụrụ ogige nkewa na isi na ọgidigi azụ. Fibers site na isi òkè oge ntoju dị ka ụzarị, ha na-enịm ke na-acha ọcha spinal umi.
3. Ntule akwara ozi na-enịm kpọmkwem na ọgidigi azụ. Ọrụ ha na-enyere gboo ngwa ngwa bilie na Ụwa na iji guzobe nkwurịta okwu na esịtidem akụkụ. Nkewa n'ime nārigo nārida ụzọ nke ọgidigi azụ ọ na-abịa ụdị eriri.

The usoro upstream na downstream eduzi

Arịgo ụzọ nke ọgidigi azụ eme ka ụmụ mmadụ mkpa ọhụụ, ntị, moto ọrụ na ha na kọntaktị na mkpa usoro nke ahu. Anabata data njikọ nọ mbara n'etiti hypothalamus na mbụ nke nke spinal kọlụm. The arịgo ụzọ nke ọgidigi azụ na-enwe ike iri na zipu a n'ihu agbam ume usu-abịa site na elu nke elu n'ígwé nke epidermis na mucous membranes, ndụ-support ụlọ ọrụ.

N'aka nke ya, na-efedata spinal ụzọ na-agụnye ndị na-esonụ ọcha ke ya usoro:

• Pyramidal neuron (sitere na ọrịa ụbụrụ cortex, mgbe ahụ, rushes ala, na-eleghara ụbụrụ azuokokoosisi, na onye ọ bụla doo na-emi odude ya spinal mpi).
• Neuron Central (engine na-ejikọta n'ihu mpi ammamihe na ogbugbo na mpiaji rootlets; ọnụ na axons ihe olu ma na-agụnye ihe nke elu ụjọ usoro).
• Spinocerebellar emep uta eri (eduzi nke ala na nsọtụ na spinal kọlụm, tinyere mkpa nkpirikpi na ọgọdọ).

An onye nkịtị, ọ bụghị pụrụ iche na-ubi nke neurosurgery, ọ bụ ike iji na-aghọta usoro, nke bụ mgbagwoju conductive ụzọ nke ọgidigi azụ. Anatomy nke ngalaba bụ n'ezie mgbagwoju anya Ọdịdị esịnede nural akwadoghị akwado nnyefe. Ma ekele ya n'ahụ mmadụ dị ka otu unit. N'ihi na abụọ direction nke ọgidigi azụ bụ conductive ụzọ na-nyere site ozugbo nnyefe nke gboo nke na-ebu na ozi si na-achịkwa ngwa.

Eduzi miri sensory

Structure nke akwara n'ùkwù n'ùkwù eme na elu direction, bụ multi-ibe. Ndị a conductive ụzọ na-guzobere nke ọgidigi azụ ọtụtụ ọcha:

• Burdach doo na doo Gaulle (ụzọ bụ miri uche ewekarị on n'azụ n'akụkụ nke spinal kọlụm);
• spinothalamic doo (emi odude ke n'akụkụ nke spinal kọlụm);
• Gowers doo na doo Flechsig (cerebellar ụzọ emi odude na kọlụm n'akụkụ).

Inside intervertebral ọnụ dị mkpụrụ ndụ akwara ozi miri ogo uche. Filiks metụtara nanị akụkụ ụfọdụ na elu na saịtị na-dechara na kacha adabara muscle anụ ahụ, akwara, osteochondral emep uta eri na ha na-anabata ya. N'aka nke ya, na-pivot cell Filiks, edozi n'azụ, na-direction na ọgidigi azụ. Site a miri uche, posterior akwara mgbọrọgwụ adịghị aga miri n'ime awọ okwu, akpụ a posterior spinal ogidi.

Ebee ka ndị a emep uta eri na-abanye ọgidigi azụ, ha na-iche n'ime obere na ogologo. Ọzọkwa ụzọ ọgidigi azụ na ụbụrụ na-zigara ndị ammamihe, ebe ha bụ ndị a buu redistribution. Ọtụtụ n'ime ha ka nọ zones nke n'ihu ma n'azụ nke Central convolutions na okpueze.

Oputara na data ụzọ a rụrụ uche, site na nke a na mmadụ nwere ike na-eche otú ya muscular-articular ngwa, obi ọ bụla ije ma ọ bụ vibration tactile aka. Doo Gaulle, emi odude ke ufọt nke ọgidigi azụ, ekesa na uche nke ala òkè nke toso. The doo Burdach odude n'elu na-eje ozi dị ka a ndu uche elu aka na ụkwụ na toso kwekọrọ ekwekọ kaadị.

Olee otú ị maara banyere n'ókè nke sensory?

Kpebisie ike na miri uche n'ókè o kwere na a ole na ole dị mfe ule. Imezu ha na-enwe ndidi na-emechi ha anya. Ya ọrụ ka a mata kpọmkwem ebe ndị dọkịta ma ọ bụ na-eme nchọpụta na-eme ka n'ezinụlọ ọdịdị nke ngagharị na nkwonkwo nke mkpịsị aka, aka ma ọ bụ ụkwụ. Ọ bụkwa na-achọsi ike na-akọwa n'ụzọ zuru ezu na aru postcho ma ọ bụ na ọnọdụ na were ya aka na ụkwụ.

Site n'enyemaka nke a n'iji ya gee ntị ndụdụ maka vibration uche, ị nwere ike inyocha na conductive ụzọ nke ọgidigi azụ. The ọrụ nke na ngwaọrụ a ga-enyere iji chọpụta kpọmkwem ihe bụ oge mgbe ọrịa n'ụzọ doro anya na-ele ndị vibration. Iji mee nke a, na-na ngwaọrụ na pịa ya ịnụ ụda. N'oge a, ị mkpa ka ọ bụla bụrụ naanị ọkpụkpụ ọkpụkpụ a ma ama na ahu. N'ihe banyere ebe ndị dị otú uche dara tupu na ndị ọzọ, ọ nwere ike na-eche na gburu n'azụ ogidi.

Test na a mmetụta nke orunótu na-egosi na ọrịa, ya emechi anya, dị nnọọ na-arụtụ aka ebe maka sekọnd ole na ole tupu ya bitụ ya aka na-eme nchọpụta. Na-eju afọ na-egosi a na-ewere ahụ, ma ọ bụrụ na onye ọrịa na-kwetara na njehie n'ime otu sentimita.

The aka uche nke anụ

Ọdịdị nke ahụ conductive ụzọ nke ọgidigi azụ chọpụta ogo akpụkpọ uche na elu larịị. Eziokwu ahụ bụ na nural Filiks aka na akpụkpọ protoneyrona anabata. Ejiji, emi odude centrally na azụ akụkụ nke Filiks, ọsọ ozugbo na ọgidigi azụ, nke mere na a kpụrụ Lisauera ebe.

Dị nnọọ ka ụzọ miri uche, anụ na-emi esịnede ọtụtụ sequentially jikọtara akwara mkpụrụ ndụ. Tụnyere na-akwara ozi spinothalamic doo data pulses-ebute site ná si na ala na nsọtụ ma ọ bụ ala toso kaadị, bụ ubé n'elu na n'etiti.

Skin uche dịgasị dị ka ibiere dabeere na ọdịdị nke mkpali. Ọ bụ:

• okpomọkụ;
• thermal;
• mgbu;
• tactile.

Na nke ikpeazụ a ụdị anụ uche, ọ na-emekarị-ebute site ná miri uche na-eduzi.

Olee otú ị maara banyere ihe mgbu fọrọ na ọnọdụ okpomọkụ dị iche?

Iji chọpụta larịị nke ihe mgbu, ndị dọkịta na-eji pricking usoro. Na ihe ndị kasị na-atụghị anya ebe onye ọrịa na dọkịta na-eme a ole na ole ìhè jabs na a obere pin. ọrịa anya a ga-emechi n'ihi na -ahụ ihe na-eme, ọ na-ekwesịghị.

Fọrọ chọpụta okpomọkụ uche dị mfe. Na kwesịrị ikwu na onye ahụ na-dị iche iche sensations na okpomọkụ, nke dị iche na-1-2 Celsius. Iji mata-enweghị nchịkwa na nkwarụ a mebiri nke anụ uche, ndị dọkịta na-eji a pụrụ iche ngwaọrụ - termoesteziometr. Ọ bụrụ na ọ bụghị, ọ bụ omume na-anwale maka okpomọkụ na mmiri ọkụ.

Pathologies metụtara na mkpọchị ụzọ

Na upstream ntụziaka nke conductive ụzọ hiwere site ọgidigi azụ nọ n'ọnọdụ a, adịru a na mmadụ nwere ike na-eche tactile aka. Na-amụ mkpa ile ihe adụ, nwayọọ na rhythmic iji ezi echetakwa maka njirimara nke ogo uche, nakwa dị ka nkwenye nke ntutu mmeghachi omume, bristles, wdg

Ọrịa metụtara akpụkpọ uche, ka ụbọchị, tụlee ndị a:

1. Nkụnwụ - zuru ezu ọnwụ nke anụ uche na kpọmkwem n'elu ebe nke ahu. Bụrụ na nke mebiri nke ihe mgbu uche emee analgesia, na ọnọdụ okpomọkụ - ardanesthesia.
2. Hyperaesthesia - Nkụnwụ reverse onu pụtara na ala excitation fọrọ, ma ọ bụrụ na ọ na-egosi gipalgeziya mụbaa.
3. Misperception irritants (e.g., onye ọrịa mixes oyi na-ekpo ọkụ) bụ dysesthesia.
4. Paresthesia - a mgbagwoju anya ngosipụta nke nwere ike ịbụ a ọtụtụ, sitere na site crawling formication, mmetụta nke ujo na ya Itie dum organism.
5. Hyperpathia nwere ọtụtụ doro anya okwu. Ọ na-agbasaghị imeri thalamus, azụ fọrọ nke excitability, enweghi ike mata na mpaghara irritant, oké-emetụta akparamàgwà mmadụ obi agba? Niile na-eme na oke mberede moto omume.

Structural Atụmatụ downlink eduzi

Agbadata ụbụrụ na ọgidigi azụ ụzọ na-agụnye ọtụtụ bundles, gụnyere:

• pyramidal;
• Rubra, spinal;
• vestibular-spinal;
• reticulo-spinal;
• posterior longitudinal.

All nke n'elu ọcha - moto ụzọ nke ọgidigi azụ, nke bụ mmiri nke akwara n'ùkwù n'ùkwù na a n'ala direction.

The na-akpọ pyramidal ụzọ na-amalite site ndị kasị ibu nke yiri mkpụrụ ndụ na elu oyi akwa nke ụbụrụ, tumadi na ebe Central gyrus. Ọ bụkwa ụzọ ihu ọgidigi azụ - nke a bụ ihe dị mkpa nke usoro na-eduzi ala na-aga ebe ọtụtụ ngalaba nke n'azụ hip Capsule. Na n'ókè nke nrutu nke medulla na ọgidigi azụ pụrụ ịchọta a akụkụ nke obe, akpụ a guzozie pyramidal doo ya.

The tegmentum chee conductive Rubra-spinal ụzọ. Malite ọ na-ewe si red ntọala. Mgbe exiting ya emep uta eri na-gafere na-anwale na ọgidigi azụ site Warhol na ndị medulla oblongata. Rubra-spinal ụzọ na-enye ohere gboo si cerebellum na basal ganglia.

Ụzọ nke na-acha ọcha okwu nke ọgidigi azụ amalite Deiters 'ntọala. Emi odude ke brainstem, vestibulo-spinal ụzọ na-aga n'ihu na dorsal na rụchara na ya n'ihu mpi. Si na-eduzi na-adabere na Itie gboo si vestibular ngwa na moto akwara ozi nke elu usoro.

The ntupu sel nke ụbụrụ nke dị n'azụ guzobere amalite reticulo-spinal n'ụzọ na na na-acha ọcha okwu nke ọgidigi azụ ukwuu n'ime chụsasịrị onye tufts n'akụkụ na n'ihu. N'ezie, ọ bụ isi ihe njikọ n'etiti mpiaji center nke ụbụrụ na nweekwa usoro.

Posterior longitudinal ọgọdọ na-etinye aka na njikọ na moto owuwu nke ụbụrụ azuokokoosisi. Ọ na-emetụta ndị na-arụ ọrụ nke oculomotor nuclei na vestibular usoro dị ka a dum. The n'azụ longitudinal doo emi odude ke cervical spain.

Kpatara ọgidigi azụ ọrịa

N'ihi ya, conductive ụzọ nke ọgidigi azụ ndị dị oké mkpa ejikọta ihe na-enye onye na ohere ngagharị na nke uche. Neurophysiology data ụzọ metụtara na peculiarities nke ihe owuwu nke ọkpụkpụ azụ. Ọ maara na ọgidigi azụ Ọdịdị gbara gburugburu muscle emep uta eri, nwere a cylindrical udi. N'ime spinal brainstem bekee associative na moto mpiaji ụzọ ịchịkwa arụmọrụ nke niile na usoro nke ahu.

Na omume nke ọgidigi azụ ọrịa, n'ibu mmebi ma ọ bụ malformation conductivity n'etiti abụọ bụ isi emmepe nwere ike budata belata. Disorders ụzọ ize nwoke zuru cessation emega ahụ, na ọnwụ nke sensory uzọ.

Isi ihe mere maka enweghị mkpali conduction bụ ọnwụ nke akwara endings. Ndị kasị sie ike larịị nke conduction disturbances n'etiti ụbụrụ na ọgidigi azụ bụ mkpọnwụ na enweghị ụjọ na aka na ụkwụ. Mgbe ahụ, e nwere ike ịbụ nsogbu na esịtidem akụkụ, ụbụrụ mmebi jikọtara nural ọgọdọ. Ka ihe atụ, na-enwe nsogbu na ala akụkụ nke spinal ogwe bear maka ihe n'echeghị echiche urination na bowel mmegharị.

Ọ na-emeso ọgidigi azụ ọrịa na ụzọ?

Naanị pụtara degenerative mgbanwe fọrọ nke nta n'otu ntabi ekere ke wiring nke ọgidigi azụ ọrụ. Mmegbu na-aghọ nkọ na-eduga ná a akpọ enweghị nchịkwa mgbanwe mere site ọnwụ nke nural emep uta eri. Ofụri Esịt weghachi gbajiri conductivity ebe agaghị ekwe omume. The ọrịa emee ngwa ngwa ma na-aga n'ihu na àmụmà ọsọ, ya mere zere oké njọ conduction abnormalities nwere ike na-abụ, ọ bụrụ na-adọ na-amalite ịṅụ ọgwụ. The mee elu mee nke a, ihe ka ukwuu ga-Ohere nke cessation nke enweghị nchịkwa development.

Non-eduzi n'ịnwụ spinal tract mkpa nke ọgwụgwọ, bụ isi ọrụ nke nke ga-akwụsị na usoro nke na-anwụ anwụ akwara endings. Nke a nwere ike nweta ma ọ bụrụ na mgbochi ihe na-enwe mmetụta na ọdịdị nke ọrịa. Ọ bụ mgbe ahụ ka i nwere ike na-amalite usoro ọgwụgwọ na ebumnuche nke kacha ekwe omume mgbake nke sensory na moto ọrụ.

ọgwụ ọgwụgwọ a na-iji na-akwụsị na usoro nke na-anwụ anwụ mkpụrụ ndụ ụbụrụ. Ọrụ ha bụ mweghachi nke isi krovopodachi na mebiri emebi nke ebe ọgidigi azụ. N'oge ọgwụgwọ dọkịta tụlee afọ atụmatụ, ọdịdị na ogo nke mebiri na ọrịa ná. Na ọgwụ ụzọ dị mkpa ịnọgide na a mgbe nile na mmetuta nke akwara ozi site eletriki pulses. Nke a ga-enwe a na-eju afọ Akwara ụda.

Surgery a rụrụ iji weghachi ọgidigi azụ conduction, Otú ọ dị ya a rụrụ na ụzọ abụọ:

1. Suppression nke ndị na-akpata nke mkpọnwụ nke icheta.
2. Mmalite nke spinal ogwe maka n'oge nnweta nke furu efu ọrụ.

Ọrụ ga-kpọkwasịwo a ọma ọgwụ nnyocha nke dum. Nke a ga-ekpebi orunótu Filiks mbelata nke akwara ozi. N'ọnọdụ nke oké spinal unan, ị ga-akpa wepụ mkpakọ na-akpata.