Ivan Bohun - Colonel of the Army of Zaporozhye. Akụkọ banyere Ukraine

N'etiti ndị isi na-eduga mgba nke Zaporozhye Cossacks n'etiti narị afọ nke 17 megide aka Polish, Colonel Ivan Bohun bụ onye a ma ama. N'oge a siri ike maka ala nna ya, o gosipụtara onwe ya na ọ bụghị nanị na ọ bụ onye nwe obodo, ma dịka onye agha ndị agha nwere ike ịmalite ọrụ agha ma n'ọhịa ma na-agbachitere obodo. Ọtụtụ n'ime arụmọrụ ya gụnyere na akụkọ nke akụkọ ntolite ma ghọọ ndị ọkachamara ọzụzụ maka ndị isi n'ọdịnihu.

Ụmụaka na nwata na-ezobe n'akụkọ ihe mere eme

Akụkọ ihe mere eme adịghị echekwa ozi a pụrụ ịdabere na ya banyere oge ọ bụ nwata na ndụ nwata. Ọbụna ụbọchị amuru na-amata. A kwenyere na ọ bụ n'afọ 1618 ka a mụrụ Colonel na Bratslav. Ọbụna aha ya na-akpalite esemokwu n'etiti ndị nchọpụta. Ụfọdụ na-ele ya anya dị ka aha aha, ebe ọ bụ na okwu bụ "Bogun" dị na Ukraine pụtara ogwe maka ihicha ụgbụ. Ọtụtụ ndị kwenyere na nwa okorobịa Ivan na-agafe n'ọhịa Ebi - ebe dị n'etiti Dniester na Don.

Mmalite nke ọrụ nalandland

Ihe omuma ihe omuma banyere Ivan Bogun na-egosi aka ya na ọgba aghara Hetmanate megide szlachta nke isi nke Zaporozhye Cossacks Yakov Ostryanin. E jikọtara aha ya na ihe a ma ama nke mgba maka nnwere onwe mba - oche Azov. N'ime afọ ise (1637 - 1642) ndị Cossacks tinyere Don Cossacks wakporo ndị agha Turkish nke Sultan Ibrahim, bụ ndị nọchibidoro obodo Azov. Na nke a kedike agbachitere Cossack detachment n'okpuru iwu nke Bohun echebe site iro putara ighe mkpa ebe - Borevskuyu ịgafe nke Seversky Donets.

Mgbe n'afọ 1648, ọgba aghara bilitere n'okpuru nduzi nke Bogdan Khmelnitsky, kpatara mmetọ nke mmegbu Polish na Mbelata nke Cossack, Ivan Bohun nọ n'etiti ndị ndu ya. Otu afọ ka e mesịrị, dịka onye na-elekọta Vinnytsia, ọ na-aga agbachitere ahụ ruo afọ ole na ole site n'aka ndị agha Polish nke Vinnitsa na Bratslav. E gosipụtara nkà talent ya nke nwere ike pụrụ iche, nke nyere ya aka, ya na nkwado nke ndị obodo obodo, iji nweta mmeri dị ebube.

Agha Berestetskoye na mgbasa ozi na Moldova

The ọzọ na nwunye nke ya nkata agha ụzọ bụ agha n'etiti agha nke na Zaporozhye Cossacks na-agha nke Commonwealth, a ná mmalite nke June 1651 n'obodo Berestechko na Styr River. Na agha a, ndị Cossacks, nke ndị enyi ha Tartar raara, meriri, ma ekele Bohun ha nwere ike ịhapụ gburugburu ahụ ma nọgide na-agba mgba. A họpụtara obere oge tupu hetman ahụ, o gosipụtara onwe ya dị ka onye ọchịchị maara ihe ma na-achịkwa.

Na 1653 ndị agha Cossack n'okpuru iwu nke Ivan Bohun na Timofei Khmelnitsky, nwa Bogdan Khmelnitsky, mere mkpọsa na Moldova. Ọrụ a kpatara ọnwụ nke nwa Hetman nke ndị agha Zaporozhye na mmeri nke Cossacks. N'ịchọpụta onwe ya n'ọnọdụ siri ike, Bohun jisiri ike wepụ ndị agha ya na gburugburu ebe obibi ma wepụta ozu Timofei. Ruo na njedebe nke ọzọ, na 1654, o sonyere n'ọtụtụ mkpọsa megide ndị agha nke Commonwealth Polish-Lithuanian na ndị Tatar nke sonyere ha. Mpaghara kachasị nke ọrụ agha ya n'oge ahụ bụ Bratslavshchina na Umanshchina.

Onye kwadoro nnwere onwe nke Zaporozhye Army

A maara na Ivan Bohun bụ onye iro dị egwu nke ọ bụla ọ na-eme iji mebie ikike nke Cossack. Nke a bụ ihe kpatara àgwà ọjọọ ya nke dị na Belotserkovsky nke Bogdan Khmelnitsky bịanyere aka na September 1651. N'igosi nkwekorita ya na mkpokorita osisi, onye Hetman nke Ukraine napụrụ ndị Cossacks ihe ùgwù niile ha nwetara n'oge ọgba aghara nke 1648.

Maka otu ihe ahụ, Bohun bụ onye iro na njikọta na Moscow. Mgbe na 1654 na Pereyaslavl mkpebi ime ka ókèala ahụ dịrị, bụ nke Zaporizhzhya Army, nke Russia, mere ka ọha mmadụ mara, Vinnytsia colonel adịghị aga Rada ma ghara ịṅụ iyi maka ịkwado Russian Tsar. Mgbe Bogdan Khmelnitsky nwụrụ Bohun ọ bụla ume nke Hetman Ivana Vygovskogo na Yuriya Hmelnitskogo ná mgbalị ha guzosie onwe nke Cossacks na-agwa okwu okwu nke anụ ụlọ na ndị mba ọzọ amụma. Mana n'otu oge ahụ, ọ katọrọ mgbalị ha ịbịaru nso ndị iro nke Cossacks - Poland na Turkey.

Na-aga Poland na ihe kpatara ọdịda

N'afọ 1656, Cossack dị ịrịba ama nke e nyere n'okpuru Hetman Anton Zhdanovich mere ọtụtụ ọnwa na-agafe Poland. Ihe mgbaru ọsọ ya bụ inyere ndị agha Wallachian na Swedish aka, bụ ndị na-eduzi arụ ọrụ agha megide akụkụ ụfọdụ nke eze Polish. Ndị isi ndị ọzọ bụ Ivan Bohun. N'ịbụ ndị na-eji ụzọ ọkụ na mma agha atụgharị, ndị Cossacks ruru Krakow, Brest na Warsaw. Mana ihe a na-atụghị anya ya mere: ndị Cossacks, ebe ha mụtara na a na-eme mkpọsa ahụ n'enweghị nkwenye nke Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, bụ ndị ha ṅụrụ iyi, jụrụ ịmalite agha ahụ. N'ihi ya, ọtụtụ puku ndị agha n'oge okpomọkụ nke 1657 laghachiri Hetmanate.

Onye iro nke nkwekọrịta Vygovsky

Afọ abụọ mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, otu ihe omume mere nke kpasuru mmetụta nke ọmịiko nke Ivan Bohun. Na September 1658, a bịanyere aka na Hadiach n'etiti Hetman Ivan Vyhovsky na Poland. Dị ka akwụkwọ a si kwuo, ókèala dum nke Zaporizhzhian Army ga-esonyere ndị Commonwealth Polish-Lithuanian dịka onye nke atọ nke òtù ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke Poland na Lithuania. Emeghị ihe ihere a iji nweta ike iwu, ebe ọ bụ na Polish Sejm adịghị akwado ya.

Otú ọ dị, ọ bụ ihe kpatara nnupụisi nke Bohun na ndị na-akwado ya kwadoro megide Vygovsky. N'ihi ya, a meriri onye nchụso nke ọdịmma mba ma gbaa ya ume ịgbaga Poland. N'otu aka ahụ, Vinnitsa colonel nwere ike iguzogide Yuri Khmelnitsky, bụ onye bịanyere aka na 1660 Slaboshchensky tract, na-emebi ikike nke Cossacks.

Ịmalite ọrụ agha

Otu afọ mgbe e mesịrị, Bohun ghọrọ onyeisi ndị agha nke Lithuania, na 1661, ọ laghachiri n'ala nna ya, soro Yuri Khmelnytsky na-alụ ọgụ megide asụsụ Russian - Grigory Kosagov na Grigory Ramodanovsky. N'ọgụ ndị a, agha ndị agha si n'ebe ọ nọ pụọ. N'elu ya niile, Ogwe osisi ga - ejide ya n'oge na - adịghị anya.

Mgbe o tinyechara oge n'ụlọ mkpọrọ, eze ahụ hapụrụ ya, ma ọ bụrụ na ọ na-etinye aka na mkpọsa ha na Bank Left. Na atụmatụ nke Jan Kazimier tinyere ọkụ na mma agha iji merie ndị obodo niile si Kiev ruo Novgorod Seversky. Ivan Bohun nwere obi ojoo gara agha a, mana o nweghi oke.

Mmegide megide ogwe osisi na ọnwụ ọjọọ

Akụkọ ihe mere eme na-agba akaebe na site na ụbọchị mbụ Cossack colonel malitere imerụ ogwe osisi ahụ ma gbalịa n'ụzọ ọ bụla iji gbochie atụmatụ ha. N'otu oge ahụ, ọ na-echebe obodo site na mbibi, nke nkeji dị n'okpuru iwu ya. Ebe ọ bụ na ndị agha Jan Kazimir enwechaghị ikike ịmepụta ndị agha nchebe na ógbè ndị bi na ya, ihe kpatara nke a bụ ọgba aghara nke ndị bi n'ọtụtụ ebe fọdụrụ site na usoro mmezi ahụ.

Mgbe ndị agha nke Commonwealth kpaliri Glukhov, Ivan Bohun mere mgbalị niile iji nyere ndị bi na ya aka. Ebe ọ bụ na ọ bụ onye so n'òtù ndị agha nke ndị agha Poland, ọ maara ihe niile gbasara mwakpo na-abịanụ, nke ọ gafegara ndị na-agbachitere obodo ahụ. Na mgbakwunye na ozi njirimara dị mkpa, ọ jisiri ike ịkwaa ebube echekwara nke gunpowder na cores. Ebumnuche ya gụnyere ọbụna mwakpo a na-atụghị anya ya site n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri site n'azụ mgbe ha gara ịwakpo obodo ahụ.

Ma, ọ dị mwute, Eze ahụ matara ọrụ a, o nyekwara iwu ka e jide Bohun ozugbo. N'oge na-adịghị anya, e nwere nnọkọ nke ụlọikpe ndị agha, onye kpere Cossack colonel na ọtụtụ ndị na-akwado ya aka gbaa. E mere mkpebi ahụ ozugbo. O mere na February 17, 1664. Ya mere, dike nke agha nke Zaporozhye Ivan Bohun nwụrụ, onye ọhụụ ya na njikọ nke Hetmanate megide ndị agha Poland.

Ukraine ka na-echeta nwa ya nwoke nwere obi ike. Mgbe a gbanwesịrị ọchịchị, na ndi agha, nyere n'iwu site Nikolai Shchors, na aha ya bụ Bogunovskim. Aha ya bụ Kiev Military Lyceum. N'ọtụtụ obodo ndị dị na Ukraine a na - akpọ aha okporo ámá Ivan Bogun, na 2007, National Bank nke Ukraine nyere mkpụrụ ego na onyinyo ya. Echetara ncheta nke dike ahụ n'egwú ndị a na-ewu na Ukraine, nke e wuru na nsọpụrụ ya.