Yuri Khmelnitsky: nkenke biography, ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, n'oge ọchịchị

Otu n'ime ndị kasị controversial ọgụgụ na Ukrainian akụkọ ihe mere eme bụ Yuri Khmelnitsky. Ọkpara nke oké akụkọ ihe mere eme Bogdan natara otu echiche nke diverges ukwuu, dabere na ha ideological ọnọdụ. Ma, ha niile kweere na nwa ya ikike ukwuu usụhọde nna-ya. Biography Yuriya Hmelnitskogo ga-atụle nke anyị echiche.

nwata

Yuri Khmelnitsky mụrụ gburugburu 1641 na ugbo dị nso Chigirina Saturday na a ezinụlọ obere Ukrainian nobleman Bogdan (Zinovy) Khmelnitsky na Anna Semyonovna Somko, nwanne n'ọdịnihu eme hetman Yakov Somko. E wezụga ya, na ezinụlọ ha na asaa karịa ụmụ: 3 ụmụ okoro na 4 ụmụ agbọghọ.

About mmalite afọ nke ndụ Yuri ọ dịghị a maara, ma e wezụga na o biri ndụ na nna ya na nne n'ụlọ ugbo.

Family ndụ Khmelnytsky na dum nke Commonwealth agbanweela nnọọ ebe ọ bụ na 1647, mgbe Saturday mere alụta raids onye iro nobleman Bogdan Daniel Czapliński. Ọ emebi ala na ụlọ, mgbe onyeisi ezinụlọ n'ụlọ, na pịara ọkara ọnwụ otu n'ime ụmụ ya.

ntọhapụ agha

Ghara ịchọta a ziri ezi kansul rein nobleman, Bohdan Khmelnytsky na mmalite nke 1648 na Ukraine na edemede a-ewu ewu nsogbu megide Polish-achị. Isi ịnya ụgbọ ike nke nsogbu bụ Zaporozhye Cossacks, nke hetman n'otu afọ Bogdan Zinovy a họpụtara.

The mbụ Mmeri nsogbu ndị nnukwu, dị ka Cossack agha jikọrọ aka Crimea Tatars jisiri ịchịkwa ọtụtụ n'oge Ukraine. Ka ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na Bogdan Khmelnitsky ahụ abụghị ọkaibe, na dị ka a n'ihi-kapet egwuregwu na a usoro nke betrayals manyere na 1651 banye a disadvantageous Belotserkovskii ụwa nke ahụ pụtara ọnwụ nke a ịrịba akụkụ nke n'ókèala.

Bohdan Khmelnytsky ghọtara na-enweghị a dị ike mmekorita ọ bụghị iji merie agha. On Pereiaslav Rada na January 1654 a mkpebi kwetara na doo nke Russian amaala eze. Mgbe ahụ, na Russia na-alụ agha na Poland.

Yuri Khmelnitsky, n'adịghị ya nwoke tọrọ Timosha, n'ihi na nwata, a kpọmkwem akụkụ ke agha mkpọsa nke nna-ya anabataghị. Mgbe Timosha e gburu na 1653 n'oge a mkpọsa na Moldova, Yuri bụ nanị nwa nwoke nke Bogdana Hmelnitskogo, dị ka ụmụnne ya ndị nwụrụ na mbụ. E zigara ya nna ya na-amụ na Kiev collegium.

Mgbe-emecha ya ọmụmụ na afọ iri na isii na enyem-aka nke nna ya, Yuri Khmelnitsky Hetman e kwuru. Bu, na Bogdan bụ ya na-akwadebe eketa ike mgbe ya na ọnwụ, nke mere na 1657 site na ọrịa strok.

Mgbe nna ya nwụsịrị

Iri na Isii afọ Yuri mgbe mberede na ọnwụ nke nna ya abụghị njikere iji ha na-elekọta nke ala. Ọ bụ ezie na akụkụ nke Cossacks kwusara ya hetman, ma Chigirinskaya Rada sagenti họọrọ isi n'ozuzu ukochukwu (ihe analogue nke European chancelo) Ivana Vygovskogo. Yury Bogdanovich manyere napụrụ ike na ihu ọma nke a ahụmahụ karịa nwa akwukwo.

Ivan Vygovskyy kemgbe mmalite ụbọchị mere onwe ha nke Russian ala iwu. O kweere na Russian Tsar mebiri na mbụ nkwekọrịta na n'otu. Vygovskyy gara rapprochement na Poland, nke bịara ná njedebe na ọgwụgwụ nke nkwekọrịta Hadiach 1658. Ọ nyere maka Nsonye nke Ukraine (akwa duchy Russian) na akụkụ nke Poland, na hà okwu na Lithuania na Poland.

Nke a na nkwekọrịta mere ka a gbawara n'etiti n'ohu nke Cossack. A ịrịba ama ọtụtụ ndị okenye na mfe Cossacks na-emegide rapprochement na Poland na nọsiri ike Russian Tsar. The gbawara n'etiti mere ka a iri atọ na afọ agha obodo Ukraine, a oge nke e aha mkpọmkpọ ebe. N'oge ọgụ n'etiti ndị agha Russia, nke natara nkwado nke a-eguzosi ike n'ihe ka eze ndị Cossacks, na ndi Vygovskogo, nke ikpeazụ e meriri na a manyere na 1659 ịgbaga Poland.

abụọ hetman

Mgbe agbapụ Vygovskogo, Cossack ọrụ kpebiri ahọpụta a ọhụrụ Hetman. Otu n'ime ndị kasị arụsi ọrụ ike na-akwado nke wepụ Vygovskogo nwere nwanne nna na nne-ya Yuri - Colonel Yakov Somko, onye ya onwe ya methyl na ebe nke Cossacks isi. Ma isi contender bụ nwa Velikogo Bogdana - iri na asatọ Yuri. nna ama bụ ya opi kaadị. Na na Rada na 1659 na White Church na post of hetman Yuri Khmelnitsky e mma. N'oge ọchịchị nke Hetman (1659 -. 1685) coincided na oge nke ọbara mkpọmkpọ ebe. Ọ ga-kwuru na iji hụ na ya ntuli aka, Yuri zigara Rada na White Church a tụkwasịrị obi na onye nna ya - Ivana Bryuhovetskogo, nke na-eme n'ọdịnihu ga-abụ na hetman nke Left-Bank Ukraine.

Ọhụrụ Rada nakweere a mkpebi na arịrịọ na Russian Tsar na mmụba nke ikike nke Cossacks. Karịsịa, ajụjụ a zụlitere banyere ike ike nke Hetman na obodo kwụụrụ nke Ukraine Church. Ma arịrịọ jụrụ eze gọvanọ Troubetzkoy. Ọ na-choro a re-ụtọ site na Cossacks nke ikike na-ọbụna ihe ole na tụnyere oge Bogdana Hmelnitskogo.

kewaa Ukraine

Na 1660 Russian agha n'okpuru idu ndú nke nobleman Sheremetyev mkpesa megide agha nke Commonwealth. Gọvanọ ọ bụ isonyere Yuri Khmelnitsky na ya Cossacks, ma lara azụ n'ihi na nke ụjọ. Ọ bụ mbubreyo na gbara ya gburugburu Polish agha, ama oge nọchibido Sheremetyevo.

Nrụgide Yuri onyeisi ọrụ a manyere banye a ọhụrụ nkwekọrịta na Commonwealth. N'ebe a na nkwadebe, kpọ aha-ya Slobodyshche n'iwu. Nke a na nkwekọrịta kemgbe ọtụtụ n'ihe yiri Gadyachsky, ma-enye obere nnwere onwe nke Ukraine bi, akpan akpan, ọ bụghị na-enye obodo kwụụrụ. Yuri Khmelnitsky manyere ịrịọ arịrịọ achị nke Polish eze.

Nke a bụ eziokwu bụ na ihe masịrị nke a ukwuu nke ndị okenye na Cossacks. Ha jụrụ irube isi na Yuri họọrọ eme hetman Colonel Somko, nke na-akwado ndị Russian alaeze. N'okpuru nke Yuriya Hmelnitskogo bụ naanị nri-akụ Ukraine. N'ihi ya, ihe karịrị otu narị afọ Little Russia n'ezie kewaa abụọ akụkụ: nri mben alternately ghọtara Polish na Ottoman na-achị, na-ekpe ụlọ akụ - ike nke Russian Tsar.

ọhụrụ ndọghachi azụ

Ịgbalị naputa achịkwa dum ókèala ndị Ukraine, na ịdabere na ihe nkwado nke Commonwealth, Yuri Khmelnitsky malitere ije na Left Bank. Nke mbụ, ọ na-ezughị ezu zutere na ihe ịga nke ọma, ma mgbe a Somko reinforcements bịara n'ụdị Russian agha nọ n'okpuru iwu nke Boyar Romodanovsky, nri-akụ hetman ahụhụ a bibie na Kanev okpomọkụ 1662.

Kwụsị Russian agha Khmelnitsky nwere ike na-ekwubi na mmekorita na Crimea Khan. Ya mere, na mmeri bụ ya n'uru. Dị ka ọchịagha gosiri ya zuru ọdịda Yuri Khmelnitsky, ya iwu na-emezughị, ebube nke nna ya ike agaghịkwa hụ na ịtụkwasị obi nke nri-akụ hetman. Ya mere, na njedebe nke 1662 ọ nọ na-amanye anyị ịhapụ ike na ihu ọma nke Colonel Pavla Teteri, o wee a mọnk n'okpuru aha nwanne ya, Gideon.

Limbo

Ma nke a mishap nwa Bogdana Hmelnitskogo abụghị ọgwụgwụ. Paul Teteria malitere chee ya nke chọrọ ọzọ na-ebe nke Hetman na Ya mere mkpọrọ juri na 1664 na Lviv e wusiri ike. Naanị mgbe ọnwụ nke Hetman Khmelnytsky na afọ 1667, a tọhapụrụ ya n'ime ọhịa na malitere ibi Uman obibi ndị mọnk.

Na-ewere akụkụ na Cossack kansul na 1668, Yuri Khmelnitsky ibido akwado pro-Turkish nghazi nke ọhụrụ nri-akụ hetman Peter Doroshenko, onye were Ottoman amaala, ma mgbe ahụ kwaga n'akụkụ ya onye iro Mihaila Hanenko.

Na otu n'ime agha na Tatars Yuri ọ e weghaara na zigara Istanbul. Otú ọ dị, Turkish mkpọrọ n'ihi na mbụ Hetman bụ dịtụ ala.

ọzọ hetman

Mgbe Pita Doroshenko jụrụ Hetmanate na sonyeere Russian nwa amaala, ọ bịara doo anya ihe mere na Turks na-erubere Yuriyu Hmelnitskomu. Sultan hụrụ ya dị ka a ndabere nwa akwukwo maka post of Hetman. N'ezie, si n'ọnọdụ nke Turks, ọ na-kwesịrị ruru eru n'ihi na nke a na ọnọdụ nwa Bogdan. Yuriya Hmelnitskogo e ji mara ekwe na-ekwu na a ga-kpamkpam na-adịghị ndụ na-eme ihe na akara, nke chọrọ Turks, n'ihi na site na ya nwere ike na o siri ike na-atụ anya ihe ọ bụla nọọrọ onwe ya edinam.

Ya mere, na 1876, Yuri ọzọ họpụtara Hetman, n'oge a site Turkish Sultan. Ọ abuana ke nkuzi megide Turks Chigirin, na mgbe ahụ mere ya obi obodo nke Nemiroff.

egbu

Enweghị ike n'ezie jikwaa Ukraine ala, Yuri Khmelnitsky malitere ịhazi ogbugbu nke ya onwe ya na-achị. Ihe omume ndị a na-ẹwụtde ke a ọjọọ ìhè Eserese Yuriya Hmelnitskogo. Short okwu ọbubu-eze nke Hetman biri na 1681, mgbe Turks, zigara ya ka otu n'ime àgwàetiti ndị dị n'Aegean.

E nwere a ozizi dị ka nke Yuri Khmelnitsky Hetman a họpụtara site Turks ọzọ - na 1683. Ma na o wee na ịṅụ oké, dị ka iso. Nke a kpasuru onye Turkish Pasha, Onye mere George na Kamenetz-Podolsk, ebe o gburu 1685.

General e ji mara

Kama mgbagwoju na mwute ndụ biri Yuri Khmelnitsky. Brief biography nke onye a na-atụle site anyị. M ga-asị na ọtụtụ akụkọ ihe mere eme kweere na ọ bụ a na-adịghị ike-zubeworo, enweghị obi ụtọ na mmadụ, n'ihi na a ogologo oge na-agbalị Limbo. Anyị nwere ike sị na Yuri Khmelnitsky bụ plaything nke ndị mba ọzọ na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ọdịmma. Nke a nwere ike adịghị emetụta ya psyche, nke rụpụtara na njedebe nke ndụ na-enweghị isi ntaramahụhụ na-achị.

N'otu oge ahụ, anyị ga-asị na anyị ka na-mara dịtụ obere banyere ebumnobi nke omume nke nwoke a. Ọbụna na-akwanyere ọnwụ ya, e nwere esemokwu n'etiti akụkọ ihe mere eme.