Prince Mikhail Skopin-Shuisky: akụkọ ndụ, ihe omume na ihe dị mma

Ọ nwụrụ mgbe ọ dị afọ iri abụọ na atọ, ọ bụ ndị anyaụfụ na ndị nwere mmasị na-egbu ya. Ọ bụrụ na o kwere omume ịkọwa ndụ ya n'oge dị mkpirikpi, mgbe ahụ, maka nke a, enwere ike ịbụ naanị otu okwu - "ọrụ." Skopin-Shuisky Mikhail Vasilyevich (08.11.1586 - 23.04.1610), onye agha nwere ike, na njedebe nke ọdịnihu Russia n'oge Oge Nsogbu gosiri na ọ bụ nwoke nke nwere ike ọ bụghị nanị ịmalite mmeri ndị agha ya, kamakwa nke mmeri nke diplomacy. Ọnụnọ ya kpaliri ndị mmadụ. Ndị mmadụ na-ehulata ala n'ihu ya, na-enwe obi ụtọ, na-esusu ya ọnụ.

Skopin-Shuisky enweghi mmeri n'ọgụ, dị ka a ga-esi na-agbaso iwu mba ọzọ n'ọnọdụ nna ya na-enweghị obi ekele na onye na-amaghị ihe bụ Vasily Ivanovich Shuisky. N'ịbụ onye na-ekpo ọkụ site na arụrụala, eze na-atụ egwu egwu na-anapụ ọ bụghị nanị nwa nwanne ya, kamakwa olileanya nke Russia dum.

Na biography nke Skopin-Shuisky bụ isiokwu nke isiokwu a.

Nkwalite. Oge nsogbu

Ke 1584, Ivan the Terrible ama nyagburu na na 1598 nwa ya nwoke dị afọ 42, bụ Fyodor, merụrụ ahụ, alaka ụlọ eze nke Rurikovichs kwụsịrị. N'ihi na okpueze - kpo oku n'ime ndị nkwekọrịta - malitere mgba nke ezinụlọ ndị boyar: Godunovs, Mstislavs, Romanovs, Shuyskys. Ewere ocheeze eze nke mbụ na 1598 site na mbụ nke opricnik Boris Godunov.

Otú ọ dị, mgbe ha ruru n'ịbụ okenye, ha kwesịrị ịbụ nwa nke nwanyị asaa nke Ivan the Terrible - Dmitry. Nwa nke nwatakiri ojoo bu egwu ndi mmadu n'eme ka oche eze di egwu. Ya mere, dị ka Vasily Shuisky, onye na-eduzi nyocha ahụ, mechara guzobe ya. Dmitry "jiri obi ụtọ gbuo onwe ya na mma".

Ebumnuche nke nsogbu boyar maka ike nọgidere. Azu nke Boris Godunov, onye "mebiri ebe", kpebiri site na eze eze. N'April 13, 1605, Tsar Boris bụ onye dị afọ 53, na-adịgide ndụ ike, na-eri nri, rutere n'ụlọ elu ahụ iji nwee mmasị na Moscow. N'oge na-adịghị anya, ọ dara ọrịa, imi ya na akpịrị ya gbawara, o wee nwụọ. Ọ bụ ederede nsị site na ezinụlọ Shuisky. Emere ihe nile n'amaghi ama ma o doro anya na nwata ahu aghaghi ighota akuko, nke ana-ekwu na "akpa nke tsar na-emekpa ya aru," ya onwe ya were nsi.

Eze na-akpali mmasị

N'otu afọ 1605, onye nduhie Ụgha Dmitry malitere ịchị Muscovy maka ọnwa isii. Onye a na-ekwu okwu ụgha na onye ụgha ahụ bụ Shuiskys na Romanovs. Ọ bụghị ihe ọghọm na Grigory Otrepiev bụbu ohu nke Romanovs, ndị ụkọchukwu a tụkwasịrị obi na Shuiskys soro ya gaa Lithuania. Otú ọ dị, ọ bụrụ na ụmụ okorobịa ahụ emee ihe ọjọọ ha chọrọ ka ha nọrọ n'ocheeze ahụ, Ụgha Dmitry gosiri na ọ bụ eze nke na-adịghị achọ inye ike.

Ụmụ okorobịa na-agba izu gburu ya, ma kpoo ya n'obe nzuzo ya bụ Basil Shuisky. O kwere nkwa ịchị ha n'echeghị ọnụ, na-edo onwe ha n'okpuru Duma. N'oge a, dike nke isiokwu anyị, Onyeisi Skopin-Shuisky, jere ozi n'okpuru nwa nwanne nne ya bụ Vasily. O chebere onwe ya ma hụ na nchekwa ndị njem dị mkpa.

Nnupụisi nke Bolotnikov

N'oge na-adịghị anya, otu ihe mere na ọ bụghị nwa okorobịa Shuisky ma ọ bụ Mstislavskys tụrụ anya ya. Cossack Ivan Isaevich Bolotnikov, ebe ọ na-egwuri egwu na Cossacks "boyar eze", kpalitere ọgba aghara.

Ná mmalite, onye nduhie ahụ chịkọtara 12,000 Cossacks, rịọrọ nkwado nke olu ndị isi nke Putivl Shakhovsky. Ndị nnupụisi ahụ, na-adabere na ndị nkịtị na-enweghị afọ ojuju, mere ka ha bụrụ ihe mgbaru ọsọ maka ijide Moscow na mbibi nke Tsar Vasily Shuisky. Smutyanov na nzuzo kwadoro Rzeczpospolita.

Ndị agha na-atụ ụjọ bụ ndị nwanne eze nwoke ahụ, bụ Fyodor, nyere iwu ka a kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ. Ndị agha Cossack wakporo Moscow.

"Half-Eze", dika Vasily kpọrọ n'etiti ndi mmadu, weere mkpebi nke amamihe di na ya maka ochichi ya: o mere ngwa ngwa n'omume ulo oru nchedo ya, Mikhail Skopin-Shuisky di afo iri na itoolu, dika nna ya na nna nna ya, ghuru onye ochichi Moscow.

Nchebe nke Moscow

Mikhail enweghị amamihe na afọ ole na ole, ọ bụ nwa okorobịa toro ogologo, nke na-ele anya anya. Site na nwata, o kwadebere onwe ya dịka onye agha, na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma na ngwá agha ndị na-agba ọsọ, ịnyịnya ígwè na-adọkpụ ụgbọala, nke ndị agha.

Otú ọ dị, e nweghị ihe kpatara ya. Skopin-Shuisky gosipụtara onwe ya na ya bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị dị nro, onye nhazi, site na nhazi. O yiri ka o nweghi ike inwe mmuo nke oke na imeri ya. N'oge ahụ, ndị agha Moscow nọ n'ọnọdụ ọjọọ, ọ chọghị ịwụfu ọbara maka "boyar eze". Skopin chọpụtara ma jide ndị isi nsogbu: Ivan Troyekurov, Yuri Trubetskoi, Ivan Katyrev.

Mgbe nnọchibido nke Ivan Bolotnikov, na-agbatị n'obe nke isi obodo ahụ, Skopin-Shuisky họọrọ akara aka-mmeri. Mgbapụ ọsọ ọsọ nke ndị agha ịnyịnya ibu mere ka ọ bụrụ nnukwu uru n'ime ndị agha ahụ.

Cossacks na ndị ọzọ aha ọjọọ nke Ivan Bolotnikov enweghị oge ịkwadebe ụgbọ elu ha maka agha na ahụhụ nfu.

Ozi ala na North

Ka ọ dịgodị, Novgorod chere ezigbo ihe ize ndụ nke ókèala ókèala na ọdịda nke ike ụjọ. Tsar Vasily zigara nwanne ya nwoke bụ Mikhail n'ebe ahụ. Olu ahụ, bụ onye gbagoro gaa n'obodo dị n'ebe ugwu, chọpụtara na ọnọdụ ahụ dị nnọọ mgbagwoju anya. Ndị ọrụ Bolotnikova jisiri ike kwenye na ụmụ amaala obodo na ndị isi na-enweghị isi nke "ọkara eze." Ọnọdụ dị njọ site na eziokwu ahụ bụ na obodo ndị gbara ya gburugburu bụ Ivangorod na Pskov agbanweelarị ụmụ amaala Moscow.

Ọ dabara nke ọma, gọvanọ Novgorod Tatishchev nọgidere na-ekwesị ntụkwasị obi na tsar, yana Skopin-Shuisky ha mepụtara usoro atụmatụ. Ụlọ ọrụ ndị nnọchiteanya nke Novgorod, nke onye ozi ala ọzọ nke eze na-edu, zutere na mkparịta ụka ya na onyeisi ndị soja Sweden, Jakob Delagardi, na-emechi nkwekọrịta jikọrọ aka megide ya na Commonwealth Polish-Lithuanian.

Skopin-Shuisky wusiri mmụọ nke ndị agha Novgorod ike, ya mere, mgbe shelves Polish Kozinetsky bịarutere mgbidi obodo ahụ na olileanya nke mmeri dị mfe, a naghị ekele ha ma ọ bụghị ọnụ ụzọ ámá mepere emepe, kama site na cannon volleys si Novgorod mgbidi. Pan ga-alaghachi, na-enweghị ntụpọ.

Agha nke Cauldrons

Ighaghachi na Moscow, nwa nwanne nke tsar, na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma, na-amanye ndị agha nke Ivan Bolotnikov ka ha gaa agha dị oke nso na obodo Kotly nso Moscow na December 2, 1806. Na agha kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ megide ndị agha Cossack, na-atụ anya na ha ga-edebe ma na-atụ anya site na Skopin, dịka n'okpuru mgbidi Moscou, onye agha na-awakpo ịnyịnya, onye na-achị achị na-eji usoro aghụghọ a na-atụghị anya ya maka ndị nnupụisi ahụ.

Kama sabọ daa, ụgbọ ịnyịnya na-ezute na volleyballs. Ike ya nwere ike igosi ike ya na agha nke agha na agha (ndị na-agba ụta kpọrọ ya "ije ije"). Mgbe ahụ, ndị nke Bolotinian ahụ nwere nkụda mmụọ kewara ekewa site na ụda ndị agha na-atụ egwu.

Ndị Cossack ataman, bụ ndị funahụrụ ndị agha, gbapụrụ gburugburu ma si na Serpukhov gaa Kaluga. Otú ọ dị, MV Skopin-Shuisky nọgidere na-egosipụta usoro ọjọọ ya nke ịwakpo ndị na-aga n'ihu. N'ọnwa June 1607 na osimiri Voronya, usoro atọ nke ọchịchị ya gbaghaara ụzọ ndị na-akpata nsogbu, ndị laghachiri Tula ma biri n'ebe ahụ.

Na-ewere Tula

Obodo nwere mgbidi siri ike, ụlọ ahịa nri na ngwá ahịa bụ ihe siri ezigbo ike na ndị agha eze. Ivan Bolotnikov, onye na-eme ihe, adịghị amasị nwata nwoke na-eti nwa. Skopin-Shuisky gbalịrị iji oké mmiri ozuzo jide ya, ma a gbaghaara ya.

Nwa nwanne eze ghọtara uru nke ndị na-agbachitere ya, ihe agha ha. Ọ ṅomiri nnọchibido ahụ, na-emejuputa ihe ọzọ, atụmatụ dị egwu karị. Ọchịagha Skopin Shuisky nyere iwu ka a na-ebute na ndagwurugwu nke osimiri nke Tula guzo, ka o wuo mgbochi. Mgbe ọkwa mmiri malitere, e bibiri ya. Ụlọ nkwakọba ihe na ihe oriri na-ezuru mmiri na-agbachitere. Awakpo agha na Tula ka enwere mmeri. Na horde nke Bolotnikov ama.

Otú ọ dị, e nwedịrị ihe iyi egwu ka ukwuu n'elu n'ocheeze eze na Moscow.

Ụgha Dmitry nke Abụọ. Agha na Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth

Ndị Polish na-enwe ọganihu, na-ahụ adịghị ike nke Muscovy, ahapụghị olileanya ọ bụla nke ime ka ọbụbụeze ha kwụsị. Echeghị echiche banyere mkpọsa ọhụrụ. N'ihi ya mụrụ na Ụgha Dmitry II of, a protege nke Commonwealth, a onye ná nhụsianya, na-achịkwa, - a cover maka njem na Moscow. Ndabere nke ndị agha, na-eme n'okpuru ọrụ a pụrụ iche, bụ regiments nke Sapieha na Ruzhinsky nke ndị agha 14,000. Ha sonyeere ndị òtù Cossack nke Trubetskoi na Zarutsky (ndị agha nke mbụ False Dmitry). Ndị agha a bu ụzọ gaa Tula, iji jikọọ na Bolotnikov, mana enweghị oge.

Tsar Vasily zitere Skopin-Shuisky maka enyemaka nye ndị òtù Novgorod na Swedish.

Na May 1609, ndị agha Russia na Swedish Skopina na Delagardi, na-agagharị Moscow, malitere ịmalite gentry. Ọ sonyeere ọchịchị nke Smolensk Shein.

A chụpụrụ ndị na-eme ihe ike na Staraya Rusa, Toropets. Na agha nke Tver, e gosipụtara nkà nke akọ nwa nwanne eze. Voevode Zborovsky, bụ onye kwenyere n'omume aghụghọ ya, furu efu ndị agha 5,000.

Otú ọ dị, mgbe mmeri ndị ahụ dị egwu, njikọ nke Jakob DeLagardi na Skopin-Shuisky kpochapụrụ. Ndị Swedes enweghị mmasị n'ihe mgbaru ọsọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke Muscovy, ha nwere mmasị na trophies. N'etiti ndị agha Russia, e nwere usoro ọchịchị nke Christer Somme, nke ise n'ime ndị agha niile. N'ihi ya, ndị agha Russia dị ala karịa ndị na-etinye aka na ọnụ ọgụgụ, mana ichebe otu atụmatụ dị n'otu maka Prince Mikhail dị mkpa.

Ọchichi

Skopin-Shuisky n'oge ahụ mara amara n'etiti ndi mmadu, ya mere, mgbe o kwusiri na Kalyazin ma zite ndi ozi, ike na ego malitere ibute ya site na obodo na ebe obibi ndi ozo site n'ebe nile. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ọchịagha ahụ zutere raznosherstoy n'ụzọ gara nke ọma ịzụ ndị agha iji lụọ agha Swedish, nweta ọzụzụ na nkà. N'ịbụ ndị na-enweghị ụsụụ ndị agha, a na-ekwu okwu banyere bọmbụ na-egbuke egbuke nke obodo ahụ. Ndị agha ahụ mụtara na-anapụ ndị agha ịnyịnya ụgbọ mmiri ahụ ma were ya ọkụ.

N'okpuru ndu ndú nke Skopin-Shuisky, agha dara na nso Kalyazin dịdewere ebe obibi atọ nke Trinity (Makaryev), ya na otu ndị agha dị oke aka bụ Jan Sapieha na Zborovsky. Ndị na-emegide ndị agha na-awakpo usoro agha nke ndị Muscovites n'oge awa asaa na-aga agha merụrụ nnukwu ihe ma laghachi.

Russian kpaliri na-atụ, na-enwe mmeri Pereyaslav-Zaleski na Alexander esịt. Ha siri ike: onye na-achị Moscow na-eji ego ndị mọnk nyere ndị isi nke Delagardi ego.

Ka ọ dịgodị, a na-ejikọta Ogwe ndị ahụ. Ndị agha 20,000 a họọrọ bụ Sapieha megidere Skopin-Shuisky. Otú ọ dị, agha nke dị n'ọhịa Karinsky biri n'ọgwụgwụ nke mmeri nke ndị Russia na ndị Swedes. Ndị na-eguzogide obi mgbawa nke ndị Polish hussars, na-ejide osisi na ala maka mgbidi ha, mgbe ahụ na-efe ha ka ha kwatuo ha.

Na-emeri ndị agha Sapieha

Skopin-Shumsky mmeri na-amanye ndị Polish King Sigismund III gosi ya ezi ihu ma na-ekwusa agha Muscovy, ocheeze nke o kpebiri vossadit Prince Ladislas. O zigara ndị agha ya na isi iyi isi nke Muscovy - Smolensk.

Otú ọ dị, ihe kasị dị ize ndụ abụghị ndị agha eze, kama onye ọbịa nke Sapieha, nke dị nso na Moscow, nke dị nso na Tushino (nke a bụ aha ụgha nke False Dmitri II - "Tushinsky thief"). Otú ọ dị, Onyeisi Michael ahapụghị onye iro naanị ya. Mkpu mkpu nke gọvanọ Skopinsky ọbụna tupu ọbịbịa nke isi ndị agha amanye ndị Poles ka ha si na Tushin laghachi Dmitrov.

Na February 1610 Skopin-Shuisky Mikhail Vasilievich bidoro ịlụ agha iji kpochapụ Moscow. Ọrụ ndị isi ọsọ ọsọ ya ruru eruo ndị isi agha nke Russia, Suvorov. N'oge na-adịtụghị aka, ọ na-esite n'ọdụ ụgbọ elu nke ndị na-agba ụta, bụ ndị, na-ekele ọganihu dị elu a na-atụghị anya ha, na-ebibi n'ihu ọkwá nke Osisi ahụ ma na-etinye ụgbụ ndị dị n'akụkụ ọzọ. Ozugbo (ọ bụ na February 20), ndị agha Russia rutere n'oge na-enweghị ọdịda, na-agbagha ndị agha Sapieha, na-ebibi ọtụtụ n'ime ya. Ndị a ma ama dị ndụ na-agba ọsọ gaa na Smolensk, ka ha wee soro ndị agha eze.

Kama ikpebi

N'ịbụ onye ji mmeri merie ngwụsị oyi nke 1610, boyar na voevoda-prince MV. Skopin-Shuisky laghachiri Moscow na ebube. Ọ na-enwe obi ụtọ ma na-enwe obi ụtọ, na-atụ anya njem dị oke aka na Smolensk.

Ejiri ụmụ okorobịa maa jijiji: chi a na-eto eto na-agba chaa chaa nke dị ike nke Russia na-enwe mmasị dị otú ahụ nke ndị mmadụ na-atụtụbeghị. N'ime ya, ha na-ahụ onye mmempi doro anya nke ike ha karịa gentry. Ihe ojo juputara n'echiche nke ulo nna nna eze Dmitry, na-ekwu na oche eze. Ọ n'ebumnuche na-ekwu ntụgharị na Mikhail Skopin-Shuisky chọrọ ịghọ eze. "Ọkara Eze", na ya onwe ya bụ onye na-eme ihe ọjọọ, na-enye ikike maka igbu nwa nwanne ya.

Skopina-Shuisky dọrọ aka ná ntị banyere ihe ize ndụ nke enyi ya, Swede Jakob Delagardi, na-eme ka mmalite oge opupu ihe ubi malite ụlọ ọrụ Polish-Polish. Otú ọ dị, nwa okorobịa ahụ adịghị eme ọsọ ọsọ.

Ihe ịrụ ụka adịghị ya na e mere atụmatụ igbu ọchụ ya n'ọdịnihu. A họpụtara ya n'oge baptism nke nwa amụrụ ọhụrụ nke Prince Vorotynsky. Nna nna anyi choro Skopina-Shuisky, ya na nsi ya (nwunye nke Tsarevich Dmitry Ekaterina, nwa nke Malyuta Skuratov) - nne na nna. E kpebiri ihe nile site na iko mmanya nke o wetara. Mgbaàmà nke nsị dị ka ndị ahụ gosipụtara na Boris Godunov. Otú ọ dị, ike nke Prince Michael maka izu abụọ ọzọ gbalịrị iguzogide ọgwụ ọjọọ.

N'ihi ya, ụmụnna Sisis, bụ ndị ji obi ọjọọ na-eme ihe ọjọọ, ji aka ha bibie nwoke nke nwere ike ịzọpụta ezinụlọ ha, nke bụ Mikhail Skopin-Shuisky. Obere, ma ndụ ya dị mma. Mgbe ọ nwụrụ, Moscow nile yi uwe iru uju, na-eru újú n'ezie ndị dike. Onye uwe ojii Swedish bụ Delagardi mere mkpesa na ọ dịghị ebe ọ bụla, ma ọ bụ na Russia, ma ọ bụ n'ụlọ, ọ na-ezute ezi enyi.

Nwanne nna nwoke a, ndị na-egbu ya, bụ ndị na-enweghị ikike ma ọ bụrụ na ha achị Muscovy, ma ọ bụ na-eduzi ndị agha ya, n'oge na-adịghị anya, ndị uwe ojii na-enwe mmasị na ha, e weere isi obodo ahụ n'ụzọ ihere, n'enweghị agha.