Kotelnikov Vladimir Aleksandrovich: biography

Onye pụtara ìhè ọkà mmụta sayensị na Academician Vladimir Kotelnikov ghọrọ onye ọsụ ụzọ na nchoputa nke ụlọ Cryptography. N'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, ọ na ibe ya kere a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke pụrụ iche ngwaọrụ, site na nke ahụ wee na ihe ọmụma nzuzo na iwu.

mmalite afọ

Onye pụtara ìhè ọkà mmụta sayensị na engineer Kotelnikov Vladimir Aleksandrovich A mụrụ Kazan. A mụrụ ya na September 6, 1908. Nwa okoro bụ onye ezinụlọ butere n'aka professors - nna ya na nna nna na-arụ ọrụ na mahadum n'obodo. Ọ bụ ihe ijuanya na ndị dị otú ahụ a obere ezinụlọ Volodya 6 afọ mụtara ịgụ na ide ihe, ma na-mụtara bụ isi nke algebra, som na ọdịdị ala.

School afọ, nwa dara na oge nke First World na Civil War. N'ihi nke a KOTELNIKOVO ezinụlọ mgbe niile si ebe ebe. Vladimir kụziiri home, na n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ọ na-amụrụ ihe na nke ikpeazụ atọ ọmụmụ. Ordeals nke agha afọ akụjisịghị ya mmasị na sayensị. The afọ iri na ụma nwee mmasị na redio. Nke a na-enwe ntụrụndụ na-kọwaa ya dum ndụ n'ọdịnihu.

guzobere

Na 1926 Vladimir banyere Moscow Higher ụzụ School aha mgbe Bauman. Study na mahadum sochiri a nleta nke ọmụmụ na Physics na Mathematics Faculty of Moscow State University. Mgbe ọ nọ na-Nyquist Bauman nke ya Ọdịdị guzo Mei - Moscow Ike Engineering Institute, ndị gụsịrị akwụkwọ na nwa okorobịa ahụ.

Ugwu agụmakwụkwọ kwere ya ghọọ onye engineer na Research Institute of Communications nke Red Army. Mgbe ahụ Kotelnikov Vladimir Aleksandrovich debara aha na gụsịrị akwụkwọ Mei, na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onyeisi engineer na isi nke laabu na Research Institute.

otu ihe dị mkpa chọpụtara

Ọrụ nke a na-eto eto ọkà mmụta sayensị mere ka a ngwa ngwa itunanya, mgbe na 1933, ọ chịkọtara ozizi interpolation nke ọrụ, na-emeghe British na-eme nnyocha Whittaker. Ọ na-akọwa enweghị data ọnwụ mgbe eji a na-aga n'ihu mgbaàmà. The usoro owụt Kotel'nikov, bụ ihe kacha mkpa maka ọdịnihu nke technology. Nke a chọpụtara ghọrọ ihe ndabere nke ozizi nke ọmụma na ya nzuzo na nhazi nke digital ozi usoro, wdg dị ka n'otu oge ahụ dị ka Kotelnikov yiri itunanya ke ha nnyocha mere American Klod Shennon, n'ihi ihe ndị Theorem aha ya bụ Whittaker - .. Nyquist - Shannon.

Isi nchoputa bịara doo anya ozugbo. N'ihi ya pụrụ iche ihe Kotelnikov Vladimir Aleksandrovich dere a ndekọ zuru ezu, ma ọ dịghị anabata ndị editọ nke sayensị bụ-otu "Eletrik". The akwụkwọ kwuru na nchọpụta ihe onwunwe bụ nke dịghị uru maka Soviet injinia.

Wee ọrụ

O sina dị, na-ama na afọ 30 nke Soviet ọkà mmụta sayensị Kotelnikov Vladimir ọ ghọrọ nwa akwukwo nke oru sayensi nke USSR. Ọ natara a ogo ọbụna enweghị ịgbachitere a tesis. N'oge na-adịghị, na 1941, ndị engineer ka chepụtara a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke isi ụkpụrụ, nke kwesịrị iru a ga-eme n'ọdịnihu àmà na-egosi usoro edida n'ókè.

Abstracts Nyquist ndị amamihe. A isi ọhụrụ bụ mgbanwe nke ochie analọg n'ókè-digital. Ọ na-e chere na ngwá maka ndị dị otú ahụ arụmọrụ ga-arụ ọrụ dị na ndị nlele Theorem. Dị ka ọ dị na ha n'ọnụ nnyocha, ọkà mmụta sayensị ọzọ ụzọ tupu nke ya oge. The Usoro, ọ buru amụma, e nwere nanị mgbe Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ.

Na nzuzo ụlọ ọrụ

Ná ngwụsị nke 30s Kotelnikov Vladimir Aleksandrovich ghọrọ onyeisi nke laabu maka ihe e kere eke nke a multi-ọwa redio nkwurịta okwu akụrụngwa. Na ya mgbe e mesịrị, na-adịghị dị n'etiti Moscow na Khabarovsk e guzobere. Ọnụ na Kotelnikov na nke a oru ngo na-arụ ọrụ pụtara ìhè echepụta Aleksandr Mints, Konstantin Egorov na ndị ọzọ. Ọzọkwa, ọkà mmụta sayensị na-edu abụọ laboratories, nke e mepụtara edida technology, na telifon na teligraf ọmụma. The otu, na-arụ ọrụ ndị a ụlọ ọrụ, e dechara na-eri nke injinia, na nso nso gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Institute of Communication.

N'oge Akwa Agha Ịhụ Mba n'Anya, Soviet ọkachamara jisiri ịkwaga si ochie ozi izo ya ezo na usoro ọhụrụ synchronous, linear na-ezo ezo redio na ekwentị mkparịta ụka. Nnukwu onyinye a ịga nke ọma mere ka Kotelnikov Vladimir Aleksandrovich. Biography Scientists gosiri na mba na-edu ndú kwesịrị inyefe ya na ihe dị mkpa ozi. The nchepụta wee ngwọta nke nsogbu nke mba dị mkpa - a ngwaọrụ encrypting olu n'ókè, eguzogide chọpụtachaa ihe e deburu iro. Mgbe Germany wakporo USSR dị otú ahụ akụrụngwa ghọrọ dimkpa.

"Sable" na "Bullfinch"

Unique ngwá nyere iwu ngalaba na-ahụ maka ọchịchị ugboro (RF) nkwurịta okwu. mbụ ule nlereanya nke "Sobol-m» e mepụtara na-agafe na 1938. The ngwá e mere na Leningrad osisi "Red Dawn." Mgbe Northern isi obodo bụ nọchibidoro anọchibido, na enterprise e kpọpụrụ ka Ufa. E guzobere ọhụrụ factory №697, ekesịpde Ndị mmadụ Commissariat nke Ọdụdọ Industry nke USSR.

Otú ọ dị, Ufa ma kwaga akụkụ nke laabu, isi nke nke bụ Kotelnikov Vladimir Aleksandrovich. Onye ọkà mmụta sayensị, n'agbanyeghị agha, wee na-ịzụlite encoder, nke nwere oké mkpa maka iji zara ọnụ nke mba. Na Ufa otu Nyquist sonyeere ndị agha na ndị injinia nke osisi "Red Dawn." sample "Sobol-P" e mepụtara na 1942. Nlereanya a na-zubere maka a nzuzo shortwave redio telephony. N'oge ahụ, "Sobol-P" aghọwo ndị kasị nyochawa mgbagwoju anya ngwa maka encrypting ozi. The ngwaọrụ atọghata electric abụọ-okwu n'ókè. E mere nke a na-eji oge na-egbu oge akụkụ ụfọdụ nke mgbaàmà na ya iche iche inversion mgbanaka. The mmepe na-enye ohere na-emepụta transposition okwu agba. Eme cryptogram bụ unreadable n'ihi na onye iro.

Ihe nlereanya na-enyocha ndị pụrụ iche na steeti ọrụ. Ọ chọpụtara na "Sobol-P" na-enye ohere na nzuzo okwu n'enweghị nsogbu. Ọ bụ na-akpali nke na ụfọdụ ndị n'ibu mmiri maka akụrụngwa (gụnyere magnetik rụọ) na-adịghị rụrụ na Ufa na nọchibido Leningrad. Bara uru ihe nye site na edoghi na-enyemaka nke ụgbọelu.

Ọnụ na "Sable" na obere ngwá ọrụ were Nchịkọta-16 ( "Bullfinch") e mepụtara n'oge agha. Nke a ngwaọrụ yiri a akpa akwa. Ya n'oge njem ya mee n'ihu isi na ndị nnọchiteanya nke stakes na ala, bụ ebe e nweghị elu ugboro nkwukọrịta.

"Neva"

Washer "Sobol-P" na-akpa na-eji na ubi na njedebe nke 1942. Mgbe nlereanya radiotelephone ezoro ezo nzuzo mkparita uka n'etiti Moscow na Tbilisi, dochie na emebiwo Germany maara mmekọrịta na-edu ndú nke Transcaucasian Front. Bet ngwaọrụ napụtara a ọnwa ole na ole, ruo mgbe na Caspian n'ụsọ oké osimiri bụ bụghị a ọhụrụ akara e wuru. Mgbe a nke ọma baptism ọkụ na ngwá "Sobol-P" see n'isi ụlọ ọrụ niile asakde iso ese. Na GHQ anyị kpebiri iji ihe nlereanya a na-ekesa n'elu nzuzo iwu na akụkọ.

Ma "Sobol-P" Ọ bụghị nanị ọhụrụ na nke a n'aka Kotelnikov Vladimir. Ọganihu na ọkà mmụta sayensị 40s-aghọkwu ihe ịrịba mgbe mepụtara "Ikwiikwii" na "Neva". Ndị a na ngwaọrụ na-iji encrypt ozi via wired ọwa. Ha na-adabere mgbagwoju nzuzo atụmatụ, nke bụ ihe pụrụ iche a na ná mba ọzọ. "Neva" eji nkwurịta okwu n'etiti Moscow, 1 st na 2 Byelorussian Byelorussian asakde iso ese. Ke adianade do, a Usoro hụrụ ya ngwa n'oge nnọkọ mba nke òtù ke nkera nke abụọ nke ndị agha (Tehran, Yalta na Potsdam nzukọ). N'ikpeazụ, "Neva" e ji mee ihe Kremlin okwu na n'isi obodo nke dị iche iche Europe kúfùrù na aka n'ime German chịlie aka elu.

mgbe agha,

Mgbe mmeri nke ìgwè ndị injinia na-arụ ọrụ Ufa, e disbanded. The ọkachamara nke "Red Dawn" alaghachila Leningrad. Ọkara nke ọzọ echepụta na ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị gara Moscow, gụnyere ke Mei. E nọrọ na-arụ ọrụ na Kotelnikov Vladimir Aleksandrovich. Photo ọkà mmụta sayensị mgbe nwetara n'ime akwụkwọ akụkọ. Na-arụ ọrụ na a na nzuzo ozi, ọ na-apụghị ịgụ na ọha bu nke ya na-eme. O sina dị, mgbe agha, Vladimir Kotelnikov duru Institute nke ngalaba nke "usoro iwu Foundations nke Radio Engineering". Ọ gbaara ya n'ihi na ihe karịrị afọ 36.

Ma ọha na eze nke na-eme adịkwaghị megide ndabere nke na-arụ ọrụ a ma ama Marfino sharashka. Nke a bụ ihe unofficial aha ghọrọ ebe mara, e ofu ekele na akwụkwọ nke onye edemede na Nobel Laureate Alexander Solzhenitsyn, na-arụ ọrụ n'ebe ahụ. Chie, ọ bụ a pụrụ iche laabu №8, kere site na iji nke na Soviet ọchịchị. Na steeti sharashka bụ 490 ndị mmadụ. All nke ha mepụtara a nzuzo telephony, ọhụrụ ngwá maka izo ya ezo nke ozi, na na. D. Ụfọdụ ndị na-arụ ọrụ na-eje ozi a ikpe ịga mkpọrọ nke ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na echepụta.

academician

Na 1953, a ọkà mmụta sayensị ghọrọ onye academician nke Academy nke Sciences nke USSR. Ọ bụrụ na onye ọ bụla n'etiti ndị ọkachamara na izo ya ezo nke nkwurịta okwu na kwesịrị utu aha a, ọ bụ maa Kotelnikov Vladimir. Photos na ụdị nke ya mepụtara bụ ugbu a na ọtụtụ ngosi ihe mgbe ochie, onye exposition raara isiokwu a. Academician gawa laabu, kee ngwaọrụ maka Ministry of Defense na KGB. Ke adianade do, ọ na-aga na Commission, nyochaa àgwà nke ọhụrụ mepụtara nke ọzọ injinia.

Na 1950-60 Vladimir Kotelnikov na-aghọ ndị initiator na n'ike mmụọ nsọ n'ihi na ngwaọrụ ndị dị otú ahụ dị ka "Liana" "Lily", "Diamond", "North-M", "mace", "Lotus-B", na na. D. site na 1954 ruo 1988. Academician bụ director nke Institute of Radio Engineering na Electronics, Academy nke Sciences nke USSR.

adịbeghị anya

Mgbe ida nke Soviet Union, n'agbanyeghị na ya venerable afọ, ọ nọgidere na ya nọ Kotelnikov Vladimir. Ụbọchị Ọmụmụ (September 6, 1908) na a dịgasị iche iche nke ọrụ na obodo ọ bụghị otu oge ya ike ịkwụsị na-ezu ike na anyị ùgwù.

Na 1992, Russian Academy nke Cryptography e kere ekele Academician. Na 2003, Vladimir Kotelnikov e ọdịda nke Order "N'ihi Ọrụ ka nna» m ruo n'ókè. Onye ọkà mmụta sayensị na ya maka ya ruo ọtụtụ afọ na-arụ ọrụ na pụtara ìhè onyinye mmepe nke Soviet na Russian sayensị. Academician nwụrụ na February 11, 2005. E liri ya na Kuntsevo Ili Ozu na Moscow.