Betelgeuse: a-agbawa, gbarie gbawara

Ọ bụ ezie na nkezi nke a na narị afọ na a galaxy e nwere nanị otu agbawa, gbarie na ịhụ anya eluigwe na ala, e nwere ihe dị ka 100 ijeri ụyọkọ kpakpando. N'ime 10 ijeri afọ nke ya adị (na-kpọmkwem, n'elu 13.7 ijeri, ma kpakpando na-kpụrụ n'ime ole na ole mbụ narị nde afọ), dị ka Dr. Richard Mushotski nke Goddard Space Flight Center nke NASA, na ịhụ anya eluigwe na ala, e nwere otu ijeri supernovae kwa afọ, ma ọ bụ 30 kwa abụọ! Nwere ike mgbawa nke a agbawa, gbarie nke Betelgeuse, a red ibu Milky Way, na-esote?

Bụrụ na-eme ...

The mgbawa nke kpakpando a na-akpọ Betelgeuse, otu n'ime egbuke nke elu-igwe, ka ọ hara ka ọnwa, na ya ga-adịkwa otú ofụri isua. Oke, anya na oyi mbara igwe ihe nke ụwa dị ka a na-egbuke egbuke ọbara ọbara mgbe, ọ pụrụ ịghọ a-agbawa, gbarie n'oge ọ bụla na-esote 100,000 afọ.

Ọtụtụ-enyocha mbara igwe kwere na taa bụ otu n'ime puru omume ihe mere anyị anaghị enwe ike ịchọta nwere ọgụgụ isi ndụ na Universe, bụ egwu mmetụta nke obodo-agbawa, gbarie ntiwapụ na-ebibi ihe niile dị ndụ na a nyere n'ógbè galaxy.

"Aka al-Jawzi"

Red ibu Betelgeuse, ozugbo wee buru ibu na ya nwere ike iru orbit nke Jupiter, ma ọ bụrụ na ọ bụ ndị na usoro mbara igwe anyị, e belata ọkara, ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụ dị ka na-egbuke egbuke dị ka mgbe ihe karịrị afọ iri gara aga.

Betelgeuse, onye aha-abịa site na Arabic, n'ụzọ doro anya hụrụ na ndị ìgwè kpakpando Orion. Star nyere aha nke uma nke Michael Keaton na Beetlejuice nkiri na bụ nwa afọ President Zaphod Beeblebrox usoro na usoro nke akwụkwọ akụkọ, "The Hitchhiker si Nduzi na Galaxy."

Red Refeyim na-kwenyere na ha nwere a obere, siri ike na oké ndụ. Ibi na kasị a ole na ole nde afọ, ha ngwa ngwa ọkụ hydrogen mmanụ a na mgbe ịgbanwee helium, carbon na ndị ọzọ ọcha, mgbe ụfọdụ eme na flushing ọzọ.

Betelgeuse: a-agbawa, gbarie gbawara

Kpakpando a na-kweere na-abịa na njedebe nke ya adị na ike na-enweta otu n'ime collapses, nke na-esonyere ndị nnọchi nke onye ọzọ anọ na mmanụ ụgbọala.

Ihe kpatara ya bụ amaghị mkpakọ Betelgeuse. Ịtụle ihe niile anyị maara banyere ụyọkọ kpakpando na anya eluigwe na ala, e nwere ka ukwuu nke na anyị nwere ma na-amụta banyere kpakpando. Unknown tinyere ihe na-eme mgbe red Refeyim na-eru nso ọgwụgwụ nke ya adị.

Ọ bụrụ na Betelgeuse gbawaranụ mere na ọ ghọrọ onye na-agbawa, gbarie, ọ ga-ekwe ka-enyocha mbara igwe na-edebe Earth na ya physics na-achịkwa nke a. Ihe bụ nsogbu bụ na ọ dịghị onye maara mgbe ọ ga-eme. Ọ bụ ezie na e nwere ndị na asịrị ahụ na 2012 Betelgeuse gbawara na-eme mgbe a kpakpando-apụta ìhè, n'ezie amaghị. Na emeghị, n'ihi na ihe gbasara nke puru nke ihe omume dị otú dị ala. Betelgeuse nwere ike ịgbawa abalị echi ma ọ bụ gbatịa ruo 100,000 afọ.

tere

Iji ime ka irreparable mmebi nke Earth, na-agbawa, gbarie kwesịrị ịpụta na a okirikiri nke na-erughị 100 ìhè-afọ. Ọ na-emeju ọnọdụ a ma ọ bụrụ na Betelgeuse? The mgbawa emeghị ka ihe ọ bụla nsogbu na mbara ala anyị, n'ihi na kpakpando ga-a otutu nso karịa ka ọ dị ugbu a. The anya ka "aka nke al-Jawzi" bụ banyere 600 ìhè-afọ.

Nke a bụ otu n'ime ndị kasị ama na-egbuke egbuke kpakpando. Ọ bụ ugboro iri na nke nke Sun, na ya afọ bụ naanị 10 nde afọ. The ọzọ oke kpakpando, ndị mkpumkpu ya ndụ. Ọ bụ ya mere enyocha mbara igwe chọpụtara Betelgeuse. Red ibu mgbawa ga-eme a dịtụ mkpirikpi oge.

Supersverhnovaya SN2007bi

Ke mbubreyo 2009, enyocha mbara igwe àmà nnukwu mgbawa mgbe dere. Supergiant kpakpando, nke bụ size of abụọ na narị abụọ ugboro ukwuu karịa Sun, e bibiri site a n'amaghi ite mmeghachi omume, mere site na mmepụta nke antimatter, ihe kpatara nke a, n'aka nke ya, bụ gamma radieshon. Nke a bụ ihe atụ nke ihe nwere ike ime n'oge ida Betelgeize. The mgbawa nwere ike hụrụ ọtụtụ ọnwa, n'ihi na ọ Mmetụta a ígwé ojii nke redioaktivu bekee gafere ugboro 50 na nke nke anyanwụ na-emepụta a na-egbukepụ egbukepụ nke nuclear fission, nke nwere ike hụrụ anya ụyọkọ kpakpando.

Supersverhnovaya SN2007bi bụ ihe atụ nke mmebi nke a "ụzọ-akwusighi". Ọdịdị ya yiri nke mgbawa nke atọm bọmbụ, triggered site mkpakọ nke plutonium. Mgbe size of anọ megayottagrammov (a iri atọ na abụọ-zero) ibu kpakpando na-enwe site na ndọda ida nke mgbali nke gamma radieshon. Na-ekpo ọkụ isi, ndị dị elu nke ike nke gamma-ụzarị, ma ọ bụrụ na ha nwere nnọọ ike, na-eru nke na-agafe na atọm, eke ọcha ike elektrọn-positron ụzọ abụọ nke okwu na antimatter. Nke a pụtara na ihe niile ndị isi nke kpakpando eme ka a ibu urughuru ome osooso.

Fusion bọmbụ size 11 Suns

Antimatter annihilates na ya na-abụghị, ebe ọ nēche ya, ma nsogbu bụ na ndị na-agba nke gbawara, nke, ọ bụ ezie na oké elu, na-eke a pụrụ iche na-egbu oge na e kere eke nke gamma-mgbali, na-ejide kpakpando si daa. The elu n'ígwé sag, compressing isi na-azụ ya okpomọkụ. A na-enwekwu ohere nke ọzọ energetic gamma ụzarị, na-eke antimatter, na mberede, dum kpakpando na-aghọ onye na-enweghịkwa nchịkwa nuclear chernobyl, na-ebu ibu karịa anyị pụrụ ichetụ n'echiche. All ite isi detonates ozugbo, dị ka a ite bọmbụ, uka nke nke karịa bụghị naanị size nke anyanwụ - ọ bụ ibu karịa uka nke 11 suns.

Na-agbawa niile. Ọ dịghị oghere ojii ma ọ bụ neutron kpakpando, ihe ọ bụla na-anọgide ma ịgbasa ígwé ojii nke redioaktivu ihe na ọhụrụ efu ohere ebe ozugbo bụ ndị kasị oke ihe, nke bụ nanị kwe omume na-enweghị ka ha ghara imebi ohere. Ihe ahụ gbawaranụ na-akpata a mmeghachi omume na a nnukwu ọnụ ọgụgụ, na-enwogha ihe n'ime ọhụrụ redioaktivu ọcha.

Star egbu egbu

Ụfọdụ obere kpakpando - ezigbo killers nke 11 ụdị - na-hypernovae, na isi mmalite nke na-egbu egbu gamma-ray ịkụ (GRB). E jiri ya tụnyere Betelgeuse mgbawa nke ndị dị otú ahụ ihe ga hapụ 1000 ugboro ọzọ ume. Ihe na-egosi GRB-nlereanya pụtara na 2003.

Ọ pụtara n'ihi na akụkụ ka "onye agbata obi" ikpughe, na ọnọdụ nke nke kpebisiri ike site enyocha mbara igwe via network n'ọnọdu GRB (GCN). March 29, 2003 akasiaha bịara nso iji na-esonụ bụ ndị oké mkpa n'idozi omimi nke gamma-ray-achịkwaghị achịkwa. The ngwa anya ụdịdị dị iche iche nke afterglow bụ fọrọ nke nta yiri SN1998bw. Ke adianade do, chọpụtara nke X-ray Satellites gosipụtara otu ihe e ji mara mma - ọnụnọ nke "eju" na "ọkụ" oxygen, bụ nke na-ugbu a na-agbawa, gbarie. N'ihi ya, enyocha mbara igwe nwee ike chọpụta na "afterglow" dịtụ nso GRB odude "naanị" abụọ ijeri ìhè-afọ si Earth, reminiscent nke a agbawa, gbarie.

Ọ na-amaghị ma ọ bụla hypernova jikọtara GRB. Otú ọ dị, dị ka-enyocha mbara igwe na-eme atụmatụ na ọ bụ nanị otu onye n'ime 100,000 supernovae arụpụta hypernova. Ọ bụ banyere otu gamma-ray ịkụ kwa ụbọchị, nke na-hụrụ eziokwu.

Nke fọrọ nke nta N'ezie budata bụ eziokwu ahụ bụ na isi nke onye atụ ke guzobere hypernova, nwere ezuru uka na-etolite a oghere ojii kama a neutron kpakpando. N'ihi ya, onye ọ bụla hụrụ GRB na-"eti mkpu" nke mụrụ nwa ọhụrụ na nwa onu.

The ọcha Dwarf na usoro T kompas

Ọkà mmụta sayensị na-ekweta na ọhụrụ kwuru nke T kompas na kompas ìgwè kpakpando eji International ultraviolet Explorer satellite na-egosi na-acha ọcha Dwarf bụ akụkụ nke a ọnụọgụ abụọ usoro na wepụrụ na 3260 ìhè afọ si Earth ka nnọọ nso gara aga atụmatụ nke 6,000 ìhè-afọ.

A na-acha ọcha Dwarf bụ a ugboro ugboro ọhụrụ. Nke a pụtara na ite ntiwapụ nke kpakpando ime 20 ọ bụla afọ. The kasị nso-nso a mara ihe ndị na 1967, 1944, 1920, 1902 na 1890 karị. Ndị ọhụrụ ntiwapụ, ọ bụghị a-agbawa, gbarie adịghị emebi, na-enweghị mmetụta na Earth. -Enyocha mbara igwe na-amaghị ihe mere n'agbata outbreaks amụbawo.

Ọkà mmụta sayensị kweere na mgbawa bụ n'ihi nke a ọhụrụ na-abawanye na ibu mgbe Dwarf kpakpando ahọrọ ndị hydrogen-ọgaranya gas si ibe ya. N'elu na-eru a na-ibu ịgba bụ a flash ọhụrụ. Unknown, mụbara ma ọ bụ na-ebelata ibu n'oge pumping okirikiri na gbawara, ma ọ bụrụ na ọ esịmde a na-akpọ Chandrasekhar ịgba, ọ ga-ntakịrị agbawa, gbarie ụdị 1a. Na nke a, na Dwarf ga ịda mbà ma dị ike flash, nke ga-eme na ya mbibi zuru ezu. Nke a na ụdị-agbawa, gbarie tọhapụrụ 10 nde ugboro ike karịrị ike onye ọhụrụ.

The ike nke a puku suns

The kwuru nke na-acha ọcha Dwarf n'oge outbreaks nke ọhụrụ na-egosi na ya uka na-abawanye, na data nke teliskop "Hubble" nke ihe onwunwe chụpụrụ n'oge gara aga ntiwapụ, gosi na nke a na-ele. Ụdị atụmatụ na uka nke na-acha ọcha Dwarf nwere ike iru Chandrasekhar Ịgba na gburugburu 10 nde afọ ma ọ bụ obere.

Dị ka ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị, na-agbawa, gbarie ga-eduga gamma radieshon, ume nke nke bụ Ẹkot 1,000 imekotaotuugbo anyanwụ na-ewetụ. Ọ bụ ihe ize ndụ karịa mgbawa nke Betelgeuse. Mgbe ọ na-abịa gamma ụzarị na ụwa, ọ egwu mmepụta nke nitrogen oxides, nke nwere ike imebi na ikekwe ime ozone Layer. A-agbawa, gbarie bụ dị ka na-egbuke egbuke dị ka ndị ọzọ niile na kpakpando na Milky Way ọnụ. Otu nke-enyocha mbara igwe, Dr Edward Zaion site Villanova University, rụrụ ụka na ọ nwere ike na-ewe ezigbo na n'ọdịnihu dị nso na oge ọnụ ọgụgụ na-eji enyocha mbara igwe na geologists, kama ọ bụ n'ihi na a bu onye anya n'ọdịnihu.

echiche dị iche

Enyocha mbara igwe kwere na supernovae nsannsan erughị 100 ìhè-afọ si Earth ga-kpata ajọ, ma ndị na-esi nọgide na-edoghị anya na ga-adabere na otú ike ahụ gbawaranụ ga-adị. A ìgwè nke na-eme nnyocha na-ekwu na akasiaha yiri ukwuu nso ma dị ike karịa mgbawa nke Betelgeuse. Mgbe ọ na-abịa na, ọ na-amaghị, ma Earth ga-mebie. Otú ọ dị, ndị ọzọ na-eme nnyocha dị otú ahụ dị ka Alex Filippenko nke University of California na Berkeley, otu ọkachamara na supernovae, ifịk ifịk ụyọkọ kpakpando, nwa oghere, gamma-ray-achịkwaghị achịkwa, na mmụba nke eluigwe na ala, naghị ekweta na mgbawa ma kwere na akasiaha, ma ọ bụrụ na ọ na-eme, ọ bụ eleghi anya na mbara ala-ewute .