Leonid Kravchuk: biography, foto na-akpali eziokwu nke ndụ

Kravchuk Leonid Makarovich (mụrụ January 10, 1934) bụ a Ukrainian ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na mbụ President nke Ukraine, nke siworo na ike ebe ọ bụ na December 5, 1991 ruo mgbe ya agaghịzi July 19, 1994, ọ bụ onyeisi oche nke Verkhovna Rada na ndị mmadụ osote onye nke Ukraine, hoputara site Social -demokraticheskoy party nke Ukraine (n'otu).

Akara aka nke Western Ukraine - Leonid Kravchuk n'ala nna - na n'etiti narị afọ gara aga

Ebe ọ malitere ọrụ ya, Leonid Kravchuk? Biography malitere ya obodo Large Zhitin na Rivne region n'ime a nwoke onye oru ugbo ezinụlọ. Mgbe ahụ, ọ bụ Polish ala. Na ọzọ afọ iri ala ha ala Leni atọ jụụ ike agbanweela. Akpa, na September 1939 ka a n'ihi nke ntọhapụ mkpọsa nke Red Army dị n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ Ukraine, e weghaara na Ukrainian SSR. Mgbe ahụ, na July 1941 ala ruo afọ atọ weghaara Nazi Germany. N'ikpeazụ, na n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ 1944, ebe a na ọ bụ azụ Soviet ike. Ma, ọ ejikwara nanị n'oge ehihie na abalị Western Ukrainian obodo nta ndị dị n'okpuru Nationalist ọchịchị. Na nke a wee na-ruo ọtụtụ afọ.

Cheedị otú a niile nsogbu bụ otú uma nke ndị obodo, karịsịa na-eto eto? Na-adị ndụ na ọnọdụ ndị dị otú ahụ, anyị aghaghị ịmụta zoo ha echiche, na-eche otu ihe ma na-asị ọzọ, na-atụkwasị obi na ọ dịghị onye, ọ dịghị ihe ga-ekwere. N'ihi ya, ọ kpụrụ a ọgbọ nke post-agha Western Ukrainian nwata, nke ọ bụ, na Leonid Kravchuk.

nwata

Ihe nke agha sharply emetụta akara aka nke anyị dike ezinụlọ na ya onwe ya. Nna Lenny Makar Kravchuk, bụbu etikwasị agha uweojii nke Polish Army na Polish ọrụ na-achị mba, e debara aha n'ime Red Army na 1944 na, a obere oge na-eme ụfọdụ na-alụ ọgụ na otu afọ, ọ tọrọ ya isi na Belarus.

Mama m bịara azụ di na ya na ya lụrụ bụ ike na-eto eto Leonid. Ha bi na ịda ogbenye, ọ Leonid Kravchuk chetara na ụkwụ ọtọ na-eje ije ruo mgbe mbụ snow. Otú ọ dị, ịnọ n'ụkọ na-naanị n'obi site na ọdịdị nke ga-eme n'ọdịnihu president.

afọ nke ọmụmụ

Mgbe ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị, Leonid Kravchuk, kwagara obodo na-aga Rivne Cooperative College. Dị ka ya, ya na ụmụ akwụkwọ ibe ya, ọ gbazitere a ụlọ na-enweghị eji enyere ndụ aka. Ekem ke 1953, mgbe si na mahadum pụta na ukpono, o kwesịrị ịnata tinye enweghị nnyocha na Kiev State University na ngalaba nke Economics.

Study e adịghị mfe, na mfọn bụ 24 rubles (ezie na nri ehihie na-amụrụ eri eri 50 cents!). Iji lanarị, n'abalị ụmụ akwụkwọ gara butuo ụgbọala na friji azụ na a azụ nhazi osisi dị nso. N'ọdịnihu president, Leonid Kravchuk, bi na a obibi ụlọ maka 12 ndị mmadụ, ma jisiri na-amụta site "magburu onwe" na-enweta na-ụba stipend - 30 rubles ugbua.

Naanị a ndụ nzukọ

The mahadum Leonid zutere ya ga-eme n'ọdịnihu na nwunye. Mara mma ebughibu sumchanka Tonya tinsel ozugbo polonium n'obi ya. Ha nwere ọtụtụ ihe na-emekarị, ma na-eto na-enweghị nna, gụsịrị akwụkwọ na mahadum na ukpono na banyere mahadum enweghị nnyocha. Tonya egosigwara Leonid, si akpa N'ezie wee malite ịrụ ya, na kichin nke a na-amụrụ na-esi nri maka abụọ, na Leonid nwara ime ka a perk, n'ebe ọ bụla o kwere omume, jupụta ha ego.

The mba malitere isi mgbanwe, ha jikwa na a iyi nke Kiev ụmụ akwụkwọ. Mgbe malitere mmepe nke na-amaghị nwoke ala, na Leonid na Tonya ke ọyọhọ N'ezie gara Kostanai Oblast nke Kazakhstan, ebe ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka a traktọ ọkwọ ụgbọ ala, na-arahụ a oyi tent ruo mgbe mbubreyo mgbụsị akwụkwọ. Ebe a Leonid oyi, otú ike na ọ tụbọrọ na ihe fọrọ nke nta nwụrụ. Tonya zoputara ya, onye hụrụ ụgbọala na-were mmasị n'ụlọ ọgwụ, ebe ọ natara. Mgbe alọta-amaghị nwoke ala Leonid na Tonya lụrụ. Marriage ha gbatịrị ruo ugbu oge.

ọrụ mbụ

Na 1958, Kravchuk Leonid Makarovich gụsịrị KSU na e kesara na Chernivtsi, ebe ọ na-agụ ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na aku na uba nke ego na mahadum.

Ogbenye ọnọdụ ibi ndụ na na-na-achụ site Leonid dị ka ihe ọjọọ chioma. Anyị na-etinye ya na ụmụ nwanyị mbikọ, nri na "red nkuku". N'ihi na ndị na-eto eto na-amaghị ihe ọ bụ, na-akọwa. Ya mere, na Soviet oru akpọ pụrụ iche (ndị na-abụghị residential) ogige, mma na Soviet akara (a bust nke Lenin, ọkọlọtọ (ma ọ bụrụ na ọ bụ), dị iche iche asambodo, pennants na ndị ọzọ na àgwà nke Soviet si ebi ndụ). N'ihi karịsịa ga na-agba ọsọ na ndinyom asa ma ọ bụ ụlọ mposi, na-eto eto onye nkụzi nwere kwa-ututu kwa abali na-agba ọsọ na gburugburu obodo square na a mposi ọhaneze na-asa, ajị, na usọrọ eke mkpa. Fun? Dị nnọọ mma ọchị. Ma Leonid diri a n'ụzọ ruo afọ atọ.

party ọrụ

N'ikpeazụ, na 1960, a na-eto eto na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Economist chọpụtara na mpaghara party nzukọ na a kpọfere House of Political Education ọkachamara na nkụzi. Nke a sochiri nyefe na unit nke Chernivtsi Regional Committee nke Communist Party. Ebe a anyị dike mere party ọrụ ruo ihe karịrị 7 afọ, na-ebili na post of isi nke ngalaba nke mpaghara party kọmitii nduhie.

Next na nkịtị ụzọ nke Soviet Union a isi party ọrụ. Afọ atọ mbụ nke gụsịrị akwụkwọ akwụkwọ na Academy nke Social Sciences n'okpuru CPSU Central Committee, mgbe afọ iri na asatọ nke gradual nrigo site n'ohu nke Central Committee nke Communist Party ruo mgbe isi nke ngalaba nke mgbasa echiche nke Central Committee, mgbe isi nke ngalaba nke echiche ndị Nazi. Kravchuk ghọrọ odeakwụkwọ nke Central Committee na na peeji nke nke Ukrainian pịa akpọ maka ichebe Ukraine na USSR. Ọnụ ọgụgụ kasị elu nke ya ọzọ ọrụ - a otu ke Politburo na post of abụọ odeakwụkwọ nke Communist Party nke Ukrainian.

Ka Kravchuk ghọrọ onyeisi oche nke Verkhovna Rada

Mgbe ọ lara ezumike nká na 1989, onye otu Brezhnev Vladimir Shcherbytskyi Ukrainian Communist Party gawa site a nwaafo nke Poltava Vladimir Iwashko onye mere otu ọrụ na Kharkiv mpaghara. Na 1990, Ukraine ẹkenịmde Omeiwu ntuli aka. Iwashko a họpụtara a osote onye nke Kiev. Ebe ọ bụ na ọtụtụ ndị nnọchiteanya bụ ndị Kọmunist, ọ bụ ezi eke na onyeisi oche nke nzuko omeiwu na June 1990, ha hoputara isi nke otu, ie, Iwashko. Mgbe ahụ, na mmụọ nke oge, ha họọrọ a ọhụrụ isi nke Communist Party nke S. Hurenko ka isi nke nzuko omeiwu, na-adọrọkwa na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị agha abụghị otu onye.

A osote onye si Communist Party, a họpụtara Kravchuk na Leonid Kravchuk. Ya biography pụrụ ghara replenished site ọzọ dị ịrịba ama ihe, ma ọ bụrụ na Iwashko na ọnwa na-emeghị a na-egbu egbu nzuzu, na-ekere òkè ná ndụ ya na-eme n'ọdịnihu nke anyị dike. Nke bụ eziokwu bụ na n'oge President nke USSR Mikhail Gorbachev, na Nchikota, na odeakwụkwọ izugbe nke All-Union Communist Party, na-achọ a na ụzọ tufuo nke ha party ọrụ, na-achọ inwere n'ihu Western isi (onye ọ n'ihu ọha mapụrụ) nanị na ụdị nke ala, na bụghị Kọmunist ndú. Ya mere, o wee na a ọhụrụ itie ke party - mbụ osote onye odeakwụkwọ izugbe - na kpọrọ ya Iwashko ya na a doro anya atụmanya nke ịghọ ndị na-esote odeakwụkwọ izugbe nke party n'okpuru-ekpochapụ nke hegemony nke Soviet Union. Iwashko doro anya "prointuichil", nke na-eburu ihe ize ndụ ndị dị otú ahụ oru, jụrụ Verkhovna Rada onyeisi oche biputere na ekpe maka Moscow.

Ya edinam edemede iwe nnọchiteanya. First Secretary nke Ukrainian Communist Party Hurenko me ka ohere iputa post of abụọ odeakwụkwọ nke Central Committee nke Communist Party nke Ukraine Kravchuk. Ya ọnụ ọgụgụ ahụ bụ n'ụzọ doro anya a ikwere. Na otu aka, ọ bụ a party ọrụ na credible pro-Kọmunist kpọrọ nnọchiteanya eze, na aka nke ọzọ - amaala ọdịda anyanwụ Ukrainians, nke, dị ka nnọchiteanya nke mba, bụ a nkwa nke onwe ya site na Moscow na atumatu. N'ezie na ala onwe nke Ukraine ma ọ bụrụ na ọ dịghị onye kwuru okwu n'olu dara ụda.

July 23, 1990 Kravchuk ghọrọ onyeisi oche nke Kasị Elu Soviet nke Ukraine SSR, nke pụtara na elu ọnụ isi nke Republic.

Onyeisi oche nke nzuko omeiwu - president

Onye ugbu a na-echeta oge siri ike mgbe niile vicissitudes nke afọ 25 gara aga? Mgbe ahụ, na ịgba akwụkwọ nke Gorbachev ifịk ifịk tụlere echiche nke a ọhụrụ n'otu nkwekorita n'etiti mba gụnyere Soviet Union. Na-akwado echiche nke a na-rụrụ na Kravchuk ka megide mba ndú V. Chornovil, ndú nke ije "Ndị mmadụ Movement", nke n'ihu ọha na-akpọ maka na ụzọ ọpụpụ nke Ukraine si Soviet Union.

Ọbụna mgbe ọdịdọ nke ike na mba si kuu kuu ke August 1991, ọ nọgidere na-akpọ maka nnabata n'okpuru Central ọchịchị mba. N'ihi ya, na a nzukọ nke Verkhovna Rada nke August 19 Kravchuk kwuru, sị: "Na Ukraine, a steeti mberede na-adịghị banyere. Ya mere, anyị na-anọgide na ha nkịtị ọrụ na n'otu ụzọ ahụ. "

Na na na August 24, mgbe ndị òtù nke Emergency Committee nọrịị n'ụlọ mkpọrọ mgbe Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev, na-ekwu okwu ka ndị nnọchiteanya eze nke Kasị Elu Council, n'ihu ọha defamed ha, na Boris Yeltsin na ikpo okwu nri n'otu nzukọ, aka a iwu machibido na Communist Party - naanị na-edu ndú nke Verkhovna Rada, gawa site Kravchuk nrụgide ọtụtụ ndị nnọchiteanya wee na-eme ka ulo votu nkwupụtara na ala ọbụbụeze nke Ukraine, nke nabatara.

N'oge na-adịghị Ukrainian oruru e emeziri kee post of ya President. Kravchuk e nyere president ike, na otú a ghọọ ndị de facto na de jure isi nke ala. N'otu afọ, December 5, 1991, Ntuli chie họọrọ President of Ukraine nke mbụ president ntuli aka nke ọ na-meriri Vyacheslav Chornovil na slogans ego nke enyi na enyi na Russia, nakwa dị ka ichebe a otu mba aku usoro na post-Soviet ohere.

Kravchuk onyeisi oche

Dị mwute ikwu na ọ dịghị nke ha na-ekwusa slogans tupu ndi ochichi, ọ emezu. Ọ bụ ezie na Kravchuk na bịanyere aka nkwekọrịta na e kere eke nke CIS, ma o mere ihe niile na Verkhovna Rada emeghị tinyeaka ya iwu. karbovanets - Na January 1992, a ọhụrụ Ukrainian ego ẹkenam. Nke a mere ka a eke ezumike aku agbatị na mmekọ nke Ukrainian ụlọ ọrụ na Soviet Union, nke mere na mba ahụ kpuchiri ahụ ezigbo inflationary oké ifufe na-esote afọ atọ. Ọ bụrụ na ọgwụgwụ nke 1991, "SKB imewe akpaaka" edu ndú engineer ụgwọ (Dnepropetrovsk) bụ banyere 200 Soviet rubles, na 1994 na post of CMC "Yuzhvetroenergomash" isi ọkachamara, ọ bụ banyere 2 nde. Karbovancev na ihe dị otu ịzụta ike, ie, .e. ego ọkọnọ na mba ka toro site dịkarịa ala 10,000 ugboro.

Enterprises massively emechi, na n'okporo ámá nke Ukrainian obodo ghọọ wuru bazaars ebe ndị mmadụ nọ na-agbalị na-ere maka ego dị nnọọ ala onye nwere ihe n'ụlọ. Site n'ụlọ ahịa na azụ ka ụmụ amaala na-anapụta ngwongwo na wheeled adọkpụ na ndị mmadụ n'ụzọ dabara adaba baptizim "kravchuchkami". The mba ngwa ngwa akpọrepu n'abis. Na ọnọdụ ndị a, Ukraine J.Randall arahụ amachi ike nke President na nzuko omeiwu, na-agafe na bukwanu ike nke onye isi ala, gụnyere ikike inye iwu nke nwere ike nke iwu. Ya mere ihe nile ike praịm minista bụ Leonid Kuchma. N'ezie, na n'etiti ya na President of a esemokwu, nke rụpụtara na mbụ praịm Apụtara ke mbubreyo 1993, na mgbe ahụ, na nkwado nke J.Randall n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ Ukraine, mere ka nke pụrụ iche president ntuli aka nke e merie ya site Leonid Kravchuk. Photo nke ya onyeisi oche mgbe e gosiri n'okpuru ebe a.

The na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Eserese nke Leonid Kravchuk

Ozugbo na a TV show na nso nso gburu Kiev edemede na onye nta akụkọ Oles Buzina Kravchuk jụrụ ya otú o, a bụbu onyeisi ideologist nke Communist Party, mara ya agha megide Ukrainian mba nwere ike ikwu na taa na ọ bụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ha mmekorita na ọbụna a na-eso ụzọ. Na na Leonid Makarovich, "adabaghi sumnyashesya" zara, sị: "Znaєte scho? Ya Dumka mіnyaє bụghị a ọjọọ abo, abo nwụrụ anwụ. M ndị anaghị m Ọtụtụ Ndị ọzọ ".

Dị ka ezi uche nke Kravchuk, onye ọ bụla na-adịghị jụ nkwenkwe ha, ọbụna na-akwụ ụgwọ maka ha ndụ ha, na-nzuzu. N'oge ya ogologo na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ndụ ọ na-achịkwa, na-agbanwe na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị stance. Ná ngwụsị nke 2004, mkparita uka na Yushchenko, ọ na-akwado Yanukovych (n'ihi na nke ọ, site ụzọ, kọrọ nke aha Asọpụrụ Doctor nke Kiev-Mohyla Academy), mgbe ahụ, na 2009 ntuli aka ghọrọ a obi nke Yulia Tymoshenko, otu ndorodoro Yanukovych.

Nke nta nke nta, ọkwá ya na-aghọ ndị ọzọ na ndị ọzọ buu nri, na-akpụ akpụ nso ka echiche nke eziokwu Russophobia. Ya mere, oge ikpeazụ ọ bịara ebe ahụ Ukraine ga-ekewapụ ndị Donbass iji gbochie ya na-emerụ mmetụta na Ukrainian mba. Nke a bụ ụzọ bụ ndị nke mbụ na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị commissar nke Ukrainian Communist Party, a-acha ọkụ ọkụ orator, onye kpọrọ elu tribunes ka proletarian internationalism na ụmụnna dị iche iche, ma ugbu a, na-de facto iwu nke segregation na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na mba mgbakwasị.

Kravchuk àgwà ndị ndị mmadụ

Na nkenke, anyị dike anaghị amasị ndị mmadụ. Nke a na-emetụta J.Randall na ndị nkịtị. Dị ka ndị nọ n'ọkwá dị elu, ọ bụ nnọọ Ẹma ẹwet atụ nke àgwà a nyere chụgara Vladimir Litvin, onye a afọ ole na ole gara aga, mgbe ọ bụ onyeisi oche nke Verkhovna Rada nke ha, na otu nke ya okwu na telivishọn Kravchuk akpọ "patented ọkachamara na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị akwụna."

Symbol nke mbụ Ukrainian Maidan 2004 nne m ochie Paraska Koroljuk n'ihu ọha scolded Kravchuk na ọbụna gbalịrị iji gosi àgwà ha na ya na-eme ihe, ka ọ na-amanye ịkwụsị ya n'okpuru nchebe nke ahụ ike. Ọ bụ akụkụ nke mmekọrịta ndị mmadụ nkịtị.

Ma Leonid Makarovich nọgidere na-abụ nwa nke media, ọ bụ akụkụ dị mkpa na ọtụtụ TV na-egosi, ọ nọgidere na-anọdụ ala na presidium ọtụtụ forums ka nke na-elekọta mmadụ na òtù, na ndị ọzọ okwu - bụ na anya na Ukrainian ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị coterie.

Ọzọ nke na-mata site na anya ya onye - ya bụ, onye bụ agbụrụ Kravchuk Leonid Makarovich? Ezigbo aha ya, dị ka ụfọdụ ndị si dị, ọ bụghị Kravchuk, na Blum, t. E. Ọ kwuru Jew. Ma ndị a data dị nnọọ na-enyo enyo. Real aha Leonid Kravchuk, dịcha, onye site nke ọ na-mara gburugburu ụwa.