Low-ike ụlọ. N'ezinụlọ ụlọ: imewe, ewu na atụmatụ

A n'ezinụlọ ụlọ ume arụmọrụ ụkpụrụ na-ewu, nke na-enye ohere echekwa na environmentally friendly, na-eme kacha nta mmebi nke gburugburu ebe obibi, ịnọgide na-enwe a nke ọma na ọnụnọ. Oriri okpomọkụ ọ bụ ya mere obere na ma na ọ dịghị mkpa ka ịwụnye a iche iche kpo oku usoro ma ọ bụ ike ya na size bụ obere.

ume arụmọrụ ọkọlọtọ

Energy oriri maka kpo oku nke ụlọ maka afọ bụ ihe na-erughị 15 kilowatt-awa kwa unit n'ógbè. Energy oriri maka kpo oku, na-ekpo ọkụ mmiri na ọkụ ume-oru oma home bụghị ihe karịrị 120 kilowatt-awa kwa unit n'ógbè.

Ọ bụrụ na anyị na-atụnyere arụmọrụ nke oriri ike maka kpo oku na Germany, nke na-achịkwa ụkpụrụ na thermal nchebe na ike ego na 2002 (WSchVO na EnEV 2002), ọ ga-hụrụ kpọmkwem ọchịchọ ibelata maka kpo oku ụlọ. Adịbeghị anya nke na-achị na EnEV, inye iwu thermal nchedo na Federal Republic of Germany, ka ọnụego nke kwa afọ oriri ike maka kpo oku nke ọhụrụ na gbanwee ụlọ si 30 70 kilowatt-awa kwa unit n'ógbè.

N'ihi na ha tụnyere, na Russian Federation ike ọnụego nke kwa afọ oriri ike maka kpo oku maka Moscow si 95 ka 195 kilowatt-awa kwa unit n'ógbè. Ojiji oriri karịrị nnọọ ndị a ụkpụrụ.

The uru nke ume-oru oma obibi

Ecodom nwere ndị na-esonụ uru:

• Nkasi Obi. Ọ na-enye mgbe niile ịnọgide na-enwe obi ụtọ na ihu igwe, dị ọcha ma dị ọhụrụ ikuku pụrụ iche engineering usoro. N'ezinụlọ House otú a ghọọ n'ọnọdụ kwesịrị ekwesị ụlọ okpomọkụ akara.
• Energy izoputa. Ọ bụrụ na anyị na-atụnyere a ot ụlọ na n'ezinụlọ ụlọ, nke ikpeazụ nwere a karịa iri-anọghị n'ogige atụrụ Mbelata ke okpomọkụ oriri maka kpo oku mkpa.
• ike uru. Mgbe ulo bụ n'ezinụlọ, ofụri isua niile ogige na-nọgidere na-ọnọ na ikuku, ọ dịghị drafts, mmiri mmiri, ma ọ dịghị ebu.
• Economy. Ọ bụrụ na ụlọ ahụ n'ezinụlọ, na-arụ ọrụ na-akwụ ụgwọ nke ya ike ọkọnọ na-anọgide ala ọbụna na-abawanye na ndị na-eri nke ike.
• Ilekọta gburugburu ebe obibi. Mgbe ulo bụ n'ezinụlọ, ojiji nke ike ịrụ ọrụ nke ọma teknụzụ enwekwu larịị nke gburugburu ebe obibi nchebe.

ike itule

Otu n'ime ihe ndị e ji mara nke ike ịrụ ọrụ nke ọma obibi bụ ike itule n'etiti ventilashion ọnwụ ma ọ bụ nnyefe na nnata nke okpomọkụ si anyanwụ ike, esịtidem okpomọkụ na isi mmalite na kpo oku. N'ihi nke itule nke dị oké mkpa mmiri dị otú ahụ dị ka na ezigbo mkpuchi nke kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ ibu, kọmpat ụlọ, na ojiji nke a n'ezinụlọ okpomọkụ ọsọ ọsọ si ìhè anyanwụ site nghazi nke kasị meziri (ruo 2/5 square facade) n'ebe ndịda, na a na ndidi nke 30 Celsius na n'ihi na enweghị nke shading. Ọ bụ uru na-abụ iji ihe ezinụlọ ngwa na a elu ume larịị. Ọ bụkwa na kpo oku mmiri eji a okpomọkụ mgbapụta ma ọ bụ a anyanwụ mkpoko, a n'ezinụlọ kpo oku ala ikuku okpomọkụ Exchanger. N'ezie, nke zuru okè n'ezinụlọ ulo - a ụlọ na-enweghị okpomọkụ-Thermos.

N'ezinụlọ ụlọ technology

Olee otú nke a n'ihi ga-enweta? N'ezinụlọ House ọkọlọtọ na-achọ ọrụ na ise ebe:

• Kwes mkpuchi ihe. Nweghị elu òkè, karịsịa akụkụ, butt na mgbanwe nkwonkwo na gaferịtara ibe kwesịrị dị otú ahụ na okpomọkụ nyefe ọnụọgụ bụ ihe na-erughị 0,15 W / m ² · K.
• Enweghị thermal àkwà mmiri. Ọ na-achọsi ike iji zere inclusions eduzi okpomọkụ. Special mmemme maka ịgbakọ okpomọkụ ubi ga-amata na n'ụzọ ziri ezi nyochaa dysfunctional ebe fencing owuwu nke ụlọ na ha ụdi njikarịcha.
• Gbaara maka n'ezinụlọ eco oru oma windo. Ugboro abụọ ala emissivity gbazere agbaze jupụtara inert gas, bụ ezigbo n'ihi na otú ụlọ. Ruru Eru echichi nke window aghụghọ.
• Mechanical ventilashion na okpomọkụ mgbake (ihe na-erughị 75%) na akara n'ime envelopu. Identification na mmechi nke leaks dịgidere site akpaghị aka ule nke ikuku permeability nke ụlọ. Nkasi Obi ventilashion, na-achịkwa onye ọrụ. Echichi nke ụwa okpomọkụ Exchanger.

Formation na Russia

Na Europe, na-ewu nke a n'ezinụlọ ụlọ ọkọlọtọ na-eji na nnukwu quantities, na Russian Federation, imewe na-ewu nke ike ịrụ ọrụ nke ọma ụlọ bụ naanị na ya na nwa ọhụrụ.

Homes na izute chọrọ nke ume arụmọrụ ụkpụrụ ebe a ma, ma na-ama nwere a Ọdịdị nso ọkọlọtọ. Ha embody ụkpụrụ, ọcha, ụzọ nke ịgbakọ ume-oru oma n'ụlọ.

Ọzọkwa, banyere Russian Federation, kere ụlọ nhazi ọkwa nke ume arụmọrụ:

• N'ezinụlọ ụlọ - kpo oku na-erepịakwa ihe na-erughị 15, ngụkọta oriri ike maka afọ - bụghị ihe karịrị 120 kilowatt-awa kwa unit ebe;
• ụlọ ultra-ala oriri - kwa afọ oriri ike maka kpo oku - 16-35, na ngụkọta oriri ike maka afọ - na-erughị 180 kilowatt-awa kwa unit ebe;
• ụlọ na ala oriri ike - Ọdịdị na-eme kwa afọ oriri ike maka kpo oku mkpa - 36-50, na ngụkọta kwa afọ oriri ike - na-erughị 260 kilowatt-awa kwa unit n'ógbè.

History of development

Mid-90s nke iri abụọ na narị afọ ndị ji a isi ke Darmstadt, Germany, a ediomi "n'ezinụlọ House". Architects Vestermauer na Bott, Ridder edu Wolfgang Feist chetyrohkvartirny e ụlọ, nke ghọrọ prototype niile ụdi ume-azọpụta ụlọ. N'ezinụlọ ụlọ e wuru na 1991 na òkè nke ndị ọchịchị nke Hessen. Kwa Afọ oriri nke ụlọ maka kpo oku - na-erughị 1 liter nke manu kwa unit n'ógbè.

imewe Atụmatụ

Emebe nke n'ezinụlọ ụlọ agwụ agwụ site na-esonụ imewe ngwọta.

The ná mgbidi dị silicate brik 175 mm oké oyi akwa nke a gwara mmanụ Styrofoam 275 mm, n'ime okokụre gypsum plaster ọkpụrụkpụ nke 15 mm na atọ oyi akwa wallpaper na ụdi sere.

Ụlọ kpuchie humus, iyo oyi akwa, chipboard 50 mm oké, mesikwuru na osisi ibé, akara na polyethylene film, na-gwara mmanụ na a oyi akwa nke ịnweta ajị 445 mm oké, atọ-ply okokụre plasterboard na akwụkwọ ahụaja na ụdi sere.

Overlapping n'okpuru ala ihe 160 mm, 250 mm gwara mmanụ polystyrene efere, mkpuchi 40 mm, 50 mm na screed ruo 15 mm parquet.

Window panes na atọ, abụọ na-ụzọ ala-na-emissivity mkpuchi, krypton-jupụta-ulo. Osisi etiti na polyurethane ụfụfụ mkpuchi.

Okpomọkụ mgbake na-emejuputa atumatu counterflow okpomọkụ Exchanger ke Re nke ụlọ ahụ. First DC Motors e ji na-electronic mgba ọkụ.

Hot mmiri a na-nyere ewepụghị agụụ anakọta ebe nke 5.3 sq. mita kwa ewepụghị (66% enye DHW chọrọ) na kọmpat mgbidi-n'ịnyịnya odide ji esi mmiri ọkụ na eke gas. DHW ọkpọkọ tọgbọrọ egbochi ihe oyi akwa na-ọma n'ebe dịpụrụ adịpụ.

Control nha

N'elu ẹkụre nke ewu na nyere nke ụlọ e mere site na ego nha nke ikuku eruba, nrụgide ule, mma nha nke okpomọkụ ma na ike oriri. Ha enen ihe nweta nke ihe mgbaru ọsọ.

Kwa Afọ oriri nke kwes ike maka kpo oku na 1991-1992 ra ka 19,8 kilowatt-awa kwa unit ebe, nke mere 8% nke oriri nke ndị nkịtị ụlọ ụlọ. Na 1992-1993, kwa afọ oriri ebelata ka 11,8 kilowatt-awa kwa unit ebe (5.5% nke oriri nke flat, iwere n'ihi na ha tụnyere). Mgbe e mesịrị, na oriri ebelata ihe na-erughị 10 kilowatt-awa kwa unit ebe kwa afọ.

Ọgụgụ ndị na nnọọ nta nke na ha ọkachamara maka a ogologo oge ịghọtahie. Ịrịba Ama Mbelata ke ume-akwụ ụgwọ, bụ 90%, rụzuru site n'iji elu-arụmọrụ n'ji ngwá electronic.

The German ahụmahụ e biiri site Finnish architects na architects si ọzọ na mba Europe. Kemgbe ahụ, ụwa emeela karịa 40,000 n'ezinụlọ eco-obibi.

N'ezinụlọ ulo-ewu ewu na Russia

ọtụtụ ihe iji isi ụkpụrụ nke n'ezinụlọ ụlọ na-wuru ma ọ bụ na-emejuputa atumatu na e wuru na Russian Federation na Moscow, St. Petersburg, Nizhny Novgorod na Yekaterinburg. Projects ụfọdụ nke a ga-atụle mgbe e mesịrị.

Ngo na Moscow region

N'etiti onye ụlọ na ala oriri ike oru na-agụnye "Active House" na Moscow na mpaghara, nke nwekwara nanị ikpo.

Active House bụ a ụlọ na a dị iche iche ozo nke ume arụmọrụ, ma na ukwuu nkasi obi, enwekwukwa na akpaka idụhe akara usoro nke ụlọ "smart home", iji ogbara ohuru na isi mmalite na gburugburu ebe obibi ịdị ọcha.

E wuchara ụlọ ahụ na 2011. Na-anọchi anya a gbakọọ 5 bi Ọdịdị ebe 229 square mita, abụọ ala, eku nke osisi, a gwara mmanụ na slabs nke ịnweta ajị ISOVER, dormers VELUX, oké elu fencing owuwu 550-650 mm, okpomọkụ na-eguzogide nke elu ụlọ na mgbidi 12, a n'ala 14 (m ² · ° C) / Watt. Ventilashion ọnụego - 0.4 ugboro kwa hour. ike oriri bụ nanị maka kpo oku n'oge afọ bụ 38, na ezinụlọ dum oriri ike - 110 kWh kwa unit ebe kwa afọ.

The oru ngo na Nizhny Novgorod

Ihe atụ ọzọ nke a oru ngo na àjà ihe ọṅụṅụ obere okpomọkụ oriri maka kpo oku eco-ulo nso Nizhny Novgorod, dechara na 2012.

The abụọ-akụkọ ụlọ ebe nke 141 square mita. mita, gbakọọ anọ mmadụ, bụ a Ọdịdị n'ụdị a osisi etiti, dịpụrụ adịpụ slabs nke ịnweta ajị ISOVER, a window profaịlụ REHAU GENEO, atọ iko, okpomọkụ nnyefe eguzogide, 8.7 mgbidi, elu ụlọ 12.8, 8.9 m mmekọahụ ² · ° C / Watt. Applied Zehnder ventilashion usoro na okpomọkụ mgbake arụmọrụ nke 84% na ikuku mgbanwe ọnụego nke 0.3 ugboro kwa hour. Kwa Afọ maka kpo oku oriri ike bụ 33 kWh kwa unit n'ógbè.

Mkpakara ụlọ - iro nke arụmọrụ

Site nnọọ ná mmalite na echiche nke n'ezinụlọ eco chere na ndị na-eri ndị dị otú ahụ ụlọ ga-hà ma ọ bụ ubé oké ọnụ karịa ndị na-eri nkịtị. The echiche n'azụ a bụ ala na-eri nke na-ewu, na ezigbo itule nke price, àgwà na ngwa ngwa laghachi na-akwụ ụgwọ.

Isi ihe mgbaru ọsọ na ihe ịma aka na-guzozie na-eri nke na-ewu nke ndị dị otú ahụ ụlọ ọrụ na Russian Federation na owuwu nke ot obibi. The Ndahie nke ume-oru oma n'ụlọ ndị nọ n'ọkwá dị elu uka oru ga-eme eme ngwa ngwa. Nke a ga-achọ, na mgbakwunye na ọzụzụ nke architects, na-nnweta nke chọrọ nkà larịị na-ewu ụlọ, na ojiji nke ihe nke elu àgwà na nkà na ụzụ larịị nke na ngwá na ihe na kpọmkwem e ji mara.

Mass ewu oru na Russia na-ahọrọ iji belata na-eri nke ụlọ n'ihi na ojiji nke ala edu ihe na ọkara-ọkà ntuziaka oru. Dị ka ogologo oge dị ka ndị dị otú ahụ na-amasị ndị, ntughari ka elu-tech ume-oru oma ewu nke uka ụlọ anya emeghieme.

Atụmanya Russia

The zubere Mbelata 40% of oriri ike ụkpụrụ 2020, ezubere na-atụgharị tide na ihu ọma nke ume-azọpụta teknụzụ. Nkịtị thermal eguzogide ga-amụba site 0,52 ka 0,8 m ² · ° C / W, na mgbe na - na 1.0. Iji mgbake na ventilashion usoro ga-amanyere bụ iwu. N'oge a, ọ dị mkpa iji imeghari na mejuputa mba ọzọ ahụmahụ. Site 2020 na ọ na-atụ anya na-ewu nke ọtụtụ n'ezinụlọ ụlọ. Site na oge ọ ga-ike ndị dị mkpa ọnọdụ: na Bank azụlitewo a usoro nke preferential ndikọm, ndị na-emepụta, Mmepe na-ewu ụlọ na-amụta nkà na ụzụ ọhụrụ. Nke a ga-etolite a ufọk ufene ahịa na n'ji ina.