M. I. Platov Ataman: biography, ụmụ ndị Cossacks Ataman Platova Matveya Ivanovicha

Otu n'ime ihe ndị kasị akpali na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke Agha nke 1812 bụ Matvei Platov - Ataman nke Don Cossack agha. Ọ bụ onye ezi ịrịba ama na-akpali. Ke adianade World War II, ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ na agha abuana Ataman Platov. The biography nke a, nwoke ga-abu isiokwu nke ndi nkwurịta okwu anyị.

na-eto eto

Future Ataman Matvey Ivanovich Platov a mụrụ na August 1751 na Cherkassk, onye n'oge ahụ bụ isi obodo nke Don Cossacks. Nna-ya, Ivan, bụ ala na ụlọ nke Cossack ọrụ ya, na nne, Anna Illarionovna (b. 1733), bụ a kwesịrị ntụkwasị obi enyi nke ndụ ya na di ya.

Ke adianade Matthew, ezinụlọ ha na-atọ karịa ụmụ nwoke nile: Andrew, Stephen na Peter.

Olee ụdị-eme ga-ahọrọ ụzọ nke ga-eme n'ọdịnihu Ataman M. I. Platov, e nweghị obi abụọ. N'ezie, nwa a Cossack pụrụ ịbụ naanị a Cossack.

Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na ise, Matthew sonyeere ụlọ ọrụ nke Don Cossacks, mgbe na-enwe n'usoro nke sagenti. Mgbe afọ atọ gasịrị, ọ natara ndị na-esonụ aha - Cossack isi.

Platov ama mere onwe ya nwoke ahụ ruru eru ka ọ bụla azụmahịa.

N'ọgbọ agha

Future Ataman Matvei Platov wee akụkụ ke Russian-Turkish agha nke 1768-1774. Na 1771 ọ abuana ke agha na Perekop akara na Kinburn, nke gbatara ọma. A afọ mgbe e mesịrị na ọ na-ama na e nyere iwu nke a ndi agha nke Don Cossacks. Na 1774, Matvei gara Caucasus Front, ebe ọ abuana ke suppression nke nnupụisi na Kuban Highlanders ndị na-akwado ọchịchị Alaeze Ukwu Ottoman.

Mgbe ẹkụre Russian-Turkish agha 1775 M. Platov wee akụkụ ke n'igbochi nnupụisi nke Pugachev. Kemgbe ahụ ọ laghachiri na North Caucasus, ebe ke 1782-1784 afọ nke na-alụ ọgụ na ndị nnupụisi Lezgins, Nogais na Chechens.

Ndị na-esonụ Russian-Turkish agha (1787-1791 biennium). The osisi we chiri ihe kasị ike. Na ya na-ekere òkè na-batara wusiri ike dị ka Ochakov (1788), Ackerman (1789), Bender (1789), Ishmael (1790). Na 1789, na-agha na Russian agha na-agha banyere Causeni.

Ịkpa na ubi nke mara na a hụwo. Ebe ọ bụ na 1790 Platov - Ataman Chuguevsky na Ekaterinoslav ndi agha, na na 1793 natara n'usoro nke Major General.

Na 1796, Matvei abuana ke Peasia mkpọsa, nke Otú ọ dị, anya, e kagbuo.

ihere

Ọ bụghị naanị ọṅụ maara M. I. Platov. Ataman e-enyo enyo nke Emperor Paul n'ibé megide ya na chụgara Kostroma. Nke a mere na 1797. Mgbe oge ụfọdụ gasịrị a kpọfere ya n'ebe e wusiri ike, nke pụtara na ihe ka ukwuu nkpasu-iwe nke ikpe ọmụma.

Opal Platov kere ruo 1801, mgbe Pọl kpebiri ịhapụ ya n'ụlọ mkpọrọ ka Ataman abuana ke abịanụ Indian mkpọsa. Otú ọ dị, adventurousness a plan, nakwa dị ka Eze Ukwu ọnwụ ekweghị ka na-ebu atụmatụ.

Na isi nke Don Cossacks

Nwa Paul Alexander m, onye bu nke-Russian Emperor, patronized Matvei mgbe nna ya nwụsịrị. Ebe ọ bụ na 1801 Platov - Ataman nke Don Cossacks. Nke a pụtara na site na oge ọ ghọrọ onye ndú nke niile nke Don Cossacks. Ke adianade do, Matvei e-akwalite onyeisi n'ozuzu.

The ọhụrụ ọnọdụ nyere ihe ka ukwuu larịị nke ọrụ n'ihu eze ukwu na steeti. N'ezie, ibu ọrụ dịịrị ike etipịa onye ọ bụla, ma ọ bụghị a onye na-akwụ ụgwọ. Ataman nke Don Cossacks ka hazigharịrị Ọdịdị nke nke otú anya kemgbe nnọọ disordered. Ke adianade do, na 1805 Platov tọrọ ntọala a ọhụrụ isi obodo nke Don Cossacks - Novocherkassk.

The agha megide Napoleon

Cossack Ataman Platov, ọchịagha ha, wee akụkụ ke War nke Fourth Coalition megide Napoleon. The alụ ọgụ tumadi na ókèala nke Alaeze nke Prussia.

Platov onwe iwu ndị agha ya na Agha nke Eylau, mgbe nke nweela ụwa ama. Ya Cossacks mere uncharacteristically maka agha nke oge karịa na n'ụzọ dị ukwuu baffled onye iro. Ha na-eji agha okpuru si eme nke agha, na-eme ngwa ngwa raids na onye iro flanks na ịta bukwanu mmebi.

Mgbe ịbanye Tilsit udo nkwekorita n'etiti Russia na France na 1807, Napoleon onwe-akwụ ụgwọ ụtụ Platov. O nyefere ya a bara uru snuffbox. Ọzọkwa Legion nke Honor bụ ka a sọpụrụ ịkwụ ụgwọ. Ataman jụrụ ihe ùgwù a, na-ehota eziokwu na ọ na-apụghị na-eje ozi dị ka a mba ọzọ Ọkaakaa.

Otu n'ime ndị kasị mkpa ụlọ ọrụ nke oge kwesịrị banyere Russian-Turkish agha nke 1806-1812, nke Platov Cossack detachment ejikwara ọma. Mgbe ahụ, o wee ọhụrụ n'usoro - General nke ndi agha.

Agha ụwa II

Ma nke kasị akara na biography nke Platov hapụrụ Agha Ịhụ Mba n'Anya nke 1812 , na Napoleon.

Ná mmalite nke Napoleonic mbuso agha na-akwụ na iwu niile Cossack agha, ma mgbe ahụ ọnọdụ amanye ya na-edu detachments. Dị nnọọ ka na aga na nkuzi megide Napoleon, omume nke Cossacks Platov n'ihi na nke mberede ka ọtụtụ nsogbu ka onye iro. Ọ Platov agha jisiri weghara French agha, ma weghara mkpa akwụkwọ nke General Sebastiani.

The mbụ ọma agha megide Napoleonic agha Platov ẹkenịmde ke June nso obodo nke Mir, nke mebiri detachment nke General Rozhnetskogo. Mgbe Agha nke Saltykovka Cossacks ikpuchi ichighaazu nke General Bagration, mgbe agha Smolensk, Platov we iwu nke n'azụ nke niile Russian agha, bụ ndị nọgidere na-agbahapụ.

Ma n'oge na-adịghị ọnọdụ agbanweela. Na August, na arịrịọ nke ndị eze ukwu-Chief Barclay de Tolley, Platov a chụpụrụ ndị agha. Dị ka ukara akwụkwọ, n'ihi na "mismanagement". Ma, dị ka o kwuchaa o bie na isi mmalite, isi ihe mere maka mgbasa Platov jere ozi dị ka mgbalị agụụ na-agụ maka mmanya.

Otú ọ dị, Platov anya laghachi na abuana ke agha Borodino, nakwa dị ka na kansul na Fili. Na na nzukọ ahụ, ọ na-emegide ichighaazu si Moscow.

Mgbe Napoleon agha malitere laa si Russia, ya bụ Platov duru ya na-achụ. Ka management kwere ya mobile nkeji nwere ike akpatara kacha mmebi nke onye iro.

Foreign mgbasa ozi na oyiyi nke Cossacks na European omenala

Platov agha, site na oge nke n'uru natara aha nke ọnụ, n'ime ihe ndị mbụ na gafere ókè nke Russian Alaeze Ukwu ke Neman na malitere na-achụso Napoleon agha bụ ugbua ná mba. Ha malitere nnọchibido nke Danzig, nke biri General Macdonald.

Mgbe Ataman M. Platov tumadi emi odude ke ibuot itieutom nke Eze Ukwu, ma Cossack agha wee na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ihe n'ụzọ dị irè na-achụ nke onye iro. Mgbe ụfọdụ Matvei e kenyere ya iwu onye nkeji. Karịsịa, o duuru a nkewa agha Leipzig, kpọrọ Agha nke mba nile.

Cossack nkeji gafere niile Europe, n'ime France, ebe Napoleon bịanyere aka chịlie aka elu. Cossacks Platov ọdịdị ha, nakwa dị ka a ala larịị nke ịdọ aka ná ntị karịa nke nkeji nke mgbe agha, ụjọ ọ bụghị naanị na onye iro agha, kamakwa iji na nkịtị Europe. Mgbe mkpọsa a image nke Russian Cossack ghọrọ archetypal na European omenala.

ọnwụ ataman

Matvey Platov akpa ke January 1818, n'ime obodo na Taganrog, na nwa afọ ala nke Don, na afọ nke 66 afọ. N'ihi ya, ọ dịghị abụ otu n'ime ihe kasị ike na ọnụ ọgụgụ na ihe mere eme nke Don Cossacks.

Platov mbụ lie Novocherkassk, ma mgbe ahụ soro a usoro nke re-eli ozu. Ataman Shiol desecrated site Bolsheviks. N'ikpeazụ, na 1993, foduru Matveya Platova e liri na otu ebe.

Family na ụmụ

Matvei Platov lụrụ ugboro abụọ. Alụmdi na nwunye mbụ o jikọtara na Nadezhda Stepanovna Ephraim, nke guru nwa nwa Ataman nke Don Cossacks. Na nke a alụmdi na nwunye na 1777 ọ nwere nwa, Ivan, onye Otú ọ dị, nwụrụ dị ka n'oge dị 1806, ogologo oge tupu ọnwụ nke nna-ya. Obere oge ọmụmụ nke nwa ya nwoke na 1783, na nwụrụ Nadezhda Stepanovna.

Nke abụọ na nwunye uwe agwakọta Marfa Dmitrievna Martynova, nke na ọ na-bụ nke abụọ alụmdi na nwunye. Ọ na-wee si a Cossack Hetman obiọma. Ha nwere ụmụ nwoke abụọ (Matiu na Jọn) na ụmụ anọ (Martha, Anna, Maria, Alexandra).

Martha D. nwụrụ na njedebe nke 1812. Mgbe ahụ M. Platov biri a obodo di na nwunye na Elizabeth inwe British eze.

Ataman Platov ụmụ site ya na ụmụ Matiu na Ivan nwere aha nke ọnụ.

Njirimara ataman

Ataman Platov bụ a mara mma na-akpali mmadụ, onye nyere ọtụtụ mgbalị ọrụ nke motherland. Ya siri doro anya na ihe atụ maka ụmụaka. Ọzọkwa, ọ bụ ike overestimate onyinye Matvey Ivanovich ke kpụworo oge ufodu Don Cossacks n'ezie dị ike na-alụ ọgụ ndị agha, na-eyi egwu onye iro.

N'ezie, dị ka ọ bụla mmadụ, kpara onyeisi nwere drawbacks. Ndị a na-agụnye ihe atụ, pụrụ iwere oké riri ahụ na-aba n'anya. O sina dị, ya àgwà ọma n'ụzọ dị ukwuu emerighị na ntụpọ.

Dị ka ị pụrụ ịhụ, otu n'ime ndị kasị a ma ama na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke oge ya yiri Ataman Platov. Photo, dị mwute ikwu, bụ adịghị, ebe ọ bụ na mmalite nke XIX narị afọ, art nke foto na e mebeghị ya mara ụwa. Otú ọ dị, e nwere ọtụtụ ihe osise, full of nkà nka na anyị nwere ohere na-atụgharị uche onyinyo nke akwa onye ndú.

One dị otú ahụ n'ọrụ bụ a posthumous Eserese Platov site ama English artist George Dawe n'oge. Nke a na foto dị n'elu. Ikpe ikpe site mpụga atụmatụ nke mmadụ abanyeworị ya, Ataman Platov bụ a siri ike ma dị ike-Willed onye. Ekele dị otú ahụ ọrụ, anyị nwere ike ịhụ ihe ndị kasị ukwuu n'akụkọ ihe mere eme na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke narị afọ gara aga.