Macrolides - ọgwụ nje / General e ji mara na ngwa

Macrolides - ọgwụ nje, na Ọdịdị nke nke kpughere macrocyclic lactone mgbanaka. Ha dabere na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke carbon atọm iche site na 14-membered (clarithromycin, roxithromycin, erythromycin), 15-membered (azithromycin), a 16-membered (josamycin, midecamycin, spiramycin). Ndị bekee na-kasị ike kwupụta intracellular nje (chlamydia, mycoplasma, Legionella, Campylobacter) na gram-mma cocci (aureus, piogenez). Macrolides - ọgwụ nje nke na ọ dịghị ihe ọzọ na-egbu egbu ogige.

Na nso nso, e nwere kemgbe onye na-abawanye nke microbial iguzogide ihe nke a na klas nke ọgwụ ọjọọ. Scientific-egosi na-egosi na ụfọdụ 16-membered macrolides (midecamycin, josamycin, spiramycin) ejigide ọrụ megide pyogenic streptococci na pneumococci, eguzogide ọgwụ 14-membered (clarithromycin, roxithromycin, erythromycin), na 15-membered (azithromycin) ọgwụ mmadụ. Macrolides - ọgwụ ọjọọ na-eme ihe na diphtheria na pertussis, Legionella, Campylobacter, Moraxella, Listeria, Chlamydia, spirochetes, mycoplasmas, ureplazmu. Ọ ga-kwuru na microorganisms bụ ndị si n'ezinụlọ pseudomonas na Enterobakteriatsea nwere eke iguzogide niile macrolides.

usoro nke ihe

Drugs na otu a mebiri biosynthesis nke na-edozi na ribosomes nke microbial mkpụrụ ndụ. Macrolides - ọgwụ nje, nke igosipụta a bacteriostatic mmetụta. Mgbe na-ekenye kacha doses igosipụta bactericidal ọrụ megide pneumococcus, diphtheria na pertussis. Ọgwụ ndị a nwekwara ike igosipụta immunomodulatory na mgbochi mkpali mmetụta.

Ọgwụ ndị a na-ngwa ngwa etinye obi gị dum na gastro-nsia tract, na ha adsorption mmetụta nke bioactive umi ịta na nkwadebe, na onunu ogwu ụdị, dị ka nke ọma dị ka ọnụnọ nke nri na ya ego. Food budata ebelata bioavailability nke erythromycin, azithromycin, roxithromycin na medikamitsina, na ọ nweghị mmetụta na bioavailability nke spiramycin, josamycin na clarithromycin.

Macrolides - ọgwụ nje, onye ịta na plasma bụ ukwuu ala tụnyere akwa. Ya mere, ha na-akpọ anụ ahụ ọgwụ nje. a ọgbọ ọhụrụ nke macrolides mfe eke agbụ na plasma-edozi. The kasị elu ogo plasma protein nkwekọrita chọpụtara rodomiksinom (90%), nke kasị ala - na spiramycin (erughị 20%). macrolide ọgwụ ọjọọ na-nnọọ nke ọma na-ekesa ofụri idem, eke a kacha ịta dị iche iche akụkụ na anụ ahụ. Ha nwere ike mfe banye n'ime site na cell akpụkpọ ahụ, eke a keokere intracellular ìgwè.

metabolic ngwaahịa ewepụtara tumadi si bile na mmamịrị. Mgbe ojiji nke ọgwụ nje nwere ike mmetụta dị ka isi ọwụwa, ọgbụgbọ, vomiting, afọ ọsịsa, n'ozuzu adịghị ike, malaise, nfụkasị Jeremaya. Ọgwụ nje kwuru otu ndinọ na-efe efe nke elu (nnukwu Sinusitis, streptococcal tonzillofaringit) ma na ala (gbara gharịị oyi baa, ala ala bronchitis) airway, pertussis, diphtheria, syphilis, chlamydia, lymphogranuloma venereum, periostitis, periodontitis, oké ihe otutu, kampilobakterioznom gastroenteritis, toxoplasmosis cryptosporidiosis.

Ọ bụ ekwesighi idepụta ndị a ọgwụ nje n'oge ime. Ọkà mmụta sayensị pụtara mmetụta ọjọọ n'ahụ nke clarithromycin na nwa ebu n'afọ. Josamycin, spiramycin na erythromycin enweghị a na-emerụ mmetụta nke nwa ebu n'afọ, ya mere, ha nwere ike na-eji ọbụna n'oge ime. Azithromycin na a oge a na-eji bụrụ na nke mberede. Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị ọgwụ ọjọọ na-macrolide abatakwa mmiri ara nne. Mgbe oge nke ara kasị mma na-ezere iji ihe ndị a ọgwụ nje.