Mejupụtara mmadụ asu

Asu bụ a uzo mmiri mmiri na-adịghị agba. Nke a bụ ihe nzuzo nke emepụta asọ mmiri na-iche na -edeghị ede oghere. Ọ na-enye a uto nghọta, ka ikpoputa, lubricates ata ata nri. Ke adianade do, asu nwere antibacterial Njirimara, ọcha na-edeghị ede uji eze, na-egbochi ezé si mebiri. N'ihi ọnụnọ na mejupụtara nke secretions n'ọnụ gị enzymes amalite mgbaze nke carbohydrates. Isiokwu a ga-ekwu okwu banyere ihe owuwu ma na ọrụ nke mmadụ asu.

Njirimara nke asọ glands

Ndị a glands emi odude ke ihu nke digestive tract, nwere a ọrụ na-enye ezigbo ala nke ụmụ mmadụ na-edeghị ede oghere na ozugbo isonye na mgbaze usoro. The emepụta asọ mmiri na nkà mmụta ọgwụ nwere ike kere n'ime obere na nnukwu. Ihe mbụ na-agụnye buccal, ezengwenri, labial, lingual, palatal, kama anyị bụ ndị ọzọ nwere mmasị na nnukwu emepụta asọ mmiri, n'ihi na asu na-akasị ji ha na ha.

Ndị a ozu na-agụnye secretion sublingual, submandibular, parotid gland. First, dị ka aha na-egosi, ọ na-emi odude ke sublingual n'ogige atụrụ n'okpuru onu mucosa. Submandibular na ala nke ihe n'agba. The kasị bụ parotid glands, esịnede ọtụtụ lobes.

Ọ ga-kwuru na ma obere na nnukwu emepụta asọ mmiri na-adịghị secrete asu kpọmkwem, ha na-emepụta pụrụ iche nzuzo, na asu kpụrụ mgbe nzuzo a na-edeghị ede oghere na-weere na ndị ọzọ ọcha.

Biochemical mejupụtara

Asu nwere a Onyenwe anyị + larịị nke 5.6 na 7.6 na mejupụtara 98.5 percent nke mmiri, na nakwa dere Chọpụta ọcha, salts nke dị iche iche asịd, alkali metal cations, ụfọdụ vitamin, lysozyme na ndị ọzọ na enzymes. Organic isi umi ke mejupụtara - edozi nke na-synthesized na asọ glands. Part nke protein bụ ọbara si malite.

enzymes

Of niile bekee na-eme ka ụmụ mmadụ na asu, onye kasị ukwuu mmasị ndị enzymes. Nke a organic bekee na-enwe a proteinaceous si, nke na-guzobere na mkpụrụ ndụ ma mee ngwangwa chemical Filiks aa nime ya. Ọ ga-kwuru na enzyme na-adịghị eme ihe ọ bụla chemical mgbanwe, ha na-ejere dị ka ụdị mkpali, ma n'otu oge na-ejigide ha mejupụtara na Ọdịdị nke kwekọrọ nnọọ.

Gịnị enzymes na-gụnyere ke mejupụtara nke asu? Isi nke ha - ya maltase, amylase, ptyalin, peroxidase, oxidase na ndị ọzọ na protein bekee. Ha nwere mkpa ọrụ: akwalite liquefaction nke nri, na-emepụta ya mbụ chemical nhazi, na-etolite a pụrụ iche bolus na mucous bekee - mucin - envelop ya. N'igbu ya nkenke, enzymes na-akụkụ nke asu, ilo nri na ikwado ya Itie n'ime afo site na nkọlọ. Ị ga-echeta otu ihe: nri nkịtị Lonely na ọnụ bụ naanị iri abụọ na iri atọ sekọnd, na mgbe ahụ abatakwa na afo, asọ enzymes ma ọbụna mgbe nke a nọgidere na-enwe mmetụta na bolus.

Dị ka ihe ọmụmụ sayensị, a ngụkọta nke enzymes eme ihe banyere ihe oriri banyere nkeji iri atọ, ruo mgbe oge mgbe ọ na-amalite na-etolite gastric ihe ọṅụṅụ.

Ọzọ bekee na mejupụtara nke

Ọgụgụ ka ukwuu nke ndị mmadụ na asu nwere otu-kpọmkwem abụkwara na-ederịta akwụkwọ ozi ndị abụkwara nke ọbara. Ọzọkwa, ọ chọpụtara kpọmkwem na-edozi - phosphoprotein aka guzobe nke eze na ncheta na tartar, na salivoprotein inye onyinye iji deposition na ezé fosforokaltsievyh njikọ.

Obere nke asu gụnyere cholesterol na ya esters, glycerophospholipids, free ọdụdụ asịd, homonụ (estrogen, progesterone, cortisol, testosterone), na dị iche iche vitamin na ndị ọzọ bekee. Mineral bụ anions chloride, bicarbonates, iodides, phosphates, bromides, fluorides, sodium cations, magnesium, ígwè, potassium, calcium, strontium, ọla kọpa na ndị ọzọ. Asu, wetting na nro nri, ana achi achi guzobe nke bolus na-eme ka mfe na usoro nke-elo ihe. Food mgbe impregnation na-doro a nzuzo mbụ chemical ọgwụgwọ ugbua na ọnụ, nke α-amylase carbohydrates, ikpe hydrolyzed n'ime maltose na dextrins.

ọrụ

Anyị na-ama si mesoo ọrụ nke asu, ma ugbu a, ka ikwu banyere ha na ihe zuru ezu. Ya mere Gland mepụtara a na nzuzo, ọ na-weere na ndị ọzọ bekee na kpụrụ asu. Gịnị na-eme na-esonụ? Asu amalite ịkwadebe nri maka ụdi mgbaze na duodenum na afo. N'ihi ya, onye ọ bụla enzyme bụ nke ndị mejupụtara nke asu, ya accelerates usoro a ugboro ugboro, na-ekewa n'ime nta mmiri (monosaccharides, maltose), ụfọdụ mmiri nke ngwaahịa (polysaccharides, ndi na-edozi, carbohydrates).

N'oge nnyocha ọ hụrụ na, ma e wezụga n'ihi na liquefaction nri ụmụ mmadụ na asu nwere ndị ọzọ dị mkpa ọrụ. N'ihi ya, ọ dị ọcha na-edeghị ede mucosa na ezé pathogenic microorganisms na ha metabolic ngwaahịa. Echebe ọrụ ọbụna immunoglobulins na lysozyme esịne ke Biochemical mejupụtara nke asu. Dị ka a N'ihi ya, ndị secretory ọrụ nke onu mucosa bụ humidified, na ọ bụ a dị mkpa ọnọdụ maka abụọ na-ụzọ iga nke na n'etiti asu na onu mucosa.

fluctuations na mejupụtara nke

Properties na chemical mejupụtara nke asu mgbanwe dị ka ndị na-agba na odidi nke secretion nke nje ahụ. Dị ka ihe atụ, mgbe eji chọkọletị, biscuits, na nwa oge ụba lactate na glucose etoju ke mbuaha asu. N'oge mkpalite nke asu secretion na sodium ịta budata enwekwu, bicarbonates, dịtụ belata ayodiin na potassium. Mejupụtara mmadụ asu na-ese siga na-agụnye thiocyanates ọtụtụ ugboro ukwuu tụnyere nonsmokers.

Ọdịnaya nke dị iche iche bekee dịgasị n'okpuru ụfọdụ enweghị nchịkwa na ọnọdụ na ọrịa na. The chemical mejupụtara nke asu dabara kwa fluctuations, na-adabere na afọ, e.g., na ndị agadi na-ukwuu ụba etoju nke calcium. The mgbanwe nwere ike metụtara igbu egbu na ọgwụ ọjọọ nchịkwa. Ya mere, e nwere a nkọ ọnụ ke salivation n'oge akpịrị ịkpọ nkụ; na-arịa ọrịa shuga na-enwekwu ego nke glucose; na ikpe nke uremia enwekwu ọdịnaya nke mmapụta nitrogen. Mgbe ọ na-agbanwe agbanwe na-mejupụtara nke asu, ihe ize ndụ nke eze na ọrịa na digestive ọrịa.

secretion

Nọmalị, kwa ụbọchị n'ihi na onye toro eto na-ekenyela abụọ lita asu, na secretion ọnụego bụ mkpumkpu: n'oge na-ehi ụra dị ntakiri (min - erughị 0,05 milliliter) n'okpuru wakefulness - na banyere 0,5 milliliters kwa nkeji, mgbe kpaliri salivation - kwa nkeji na banyere 2.3 milliliters. Secret ekenyela bụla gland, na-agwakọta na ọnụ na a otu umi. Oral ọmụmụ (asu ma ọ bụ mbuaha) e ji ọnụnọ nke na-adịgide adịgide microflora, esịnede bacteria, spirochetes, dịkwa ka usoro ha na ha metabolic ngwaahịa, nakwa dị ka asọ sel (leukocytes na akwagawo n'ime onu oghere tumadi site chịngọm) na lowered epithelial mkpụrụ ndụ. The mejupụtara nke asu, ke adianade do, e kewapụrụ gọzie gị uji eze, imi, erythrocytes.

atụmatụ salivation

Salivation-achịkwa site autonomic ụjọ usoro. bụ ya emmepe na medulla oblongata. N'elu mmetuta nke parasympathetic endings emepụta nnukwu quantities nke asu enwe a ala protein ọdịnaya. Ọzọ, ọmịiko mmalite agụnye secretion nke a obere ego nke viscous mmiri mmiri.

Salivation mbelata n'ihi egwu, nchegbu, akpịrị ịkpọ nkụ, ọ fọrọ nke nta na-akwụsị mgbe onye na-ehi ụra. Amplification nkewa na-adị n'okpuru edinam nke uto na olfactory stimuli na dị ka a n'ihi nke n'ibu mmalite emepụta site nnukwu ahụ n'oge ịta nri.