Mgbe e nwere a Agha nke Wesenberg? Akpata na ya pụta

Rakovor ochie agha ada itie ke 1268. Nke a agha bụ otu n'ime ọtụtụ ngosipụta nke Northern Crusades na-alụ n'etiti Teutonic knights na Russian isi maka mmetụta na Baltic mpaghara.

The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ndị a mgbagwoju mmekọrịta a kasị mara amara n'ihi na nke agha Aleksandra Nevskogo, Nevsky Agha nke Ice. Against ndabere nke ihe ndị a Agha nke Wesenberg anọgide fọrọ nke nta-adịghị ahụ anya. O sina dị, ọ bụ otu ihe dị mkpa agha, nke e gara site a nnukwu retinue.

prehistory

Na ókèala nke oge a na Latvia na Estonia ọtụtụ narị afọ biri compactly Baltic ebo. Na XI narị afọ na mpaghara malitere territorial mgbasawanye nke Russia, ma ọ bụ n'elu fọrọ nke nta ozugbo n'ihi akasiaha ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị fragmentation na East Slavic ala. N'oge na-adịghị pụtara na Baltic German colonists. Ha Catholic site okpukpe, na Pope haziri Crusades n'ihi nzube nke na-eme baptizim na-ekpere arụsị.

Ya mere, na nke Iri na Atọ na narị afọ na ọ pụtara Teutonic Livonian iwu. Ha na ha jikọrọ aka na-Sweden na Denmark. Na Copenhagen, haziri a agha ẹkemụm Eastland (oge a Estonia). The Agha Ntụte ndị na ókè-ala nke Russian isi (isi Pskov na Novgorod). Na 1240 mbụ esemokwu daa n'etiti agbata obi. N'ime afọ ndị a, Russia bụ n'okpuru agha nke Mongol ìgwè, onye sitere n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ steppes. Ha bibiri ọtụtụ obodo, ma ọ bụghị na-Novgorod, nke bụ kwa n'ebe dị anya n'ebe ugwu.

Lụọ Aleksandra Nevskogo na Western iyi egwu

Nke a ọnọdụ nyeere Nevsky kpọkọta ọhụrụ ike na n'aka ichughachiazu na Swedes na German agha ntụte. Alexander anọgide nyawaa ha na Agha nke Neva (1240) na Ice Battle (1242). Mgbe ịga nke ọma nke Russian ogwe aka nkwekorita e banyere Otú ọ dị, niile na-ekwuchitere mba, o doro anya na nkwekọrịta bụ naanị ruo nwa oge, na mgbe a afọ ole na ole, ndị Katọlik ga-akpatara ọzọ otiti.

Ya mere, Alexander Nevsky malitere achọ allies na-alụso ndị Agha Ntụte. O jisiri iru kọntaktị na Lithuanian Duke Mindaugas, n'ihi na nke German mgbasa bụ a oké njọ iyi egwu. Eze abua nọ nso ka na-eme mmekorita. Otú ọ dị, na 1263 na Lithuanian isi na Novgorod, nwụrụ fọrọ nke nta n'otu oge.

àgwà Dovmont

Onye ama ama nke Agha nke Wesenberg ekpe ka ụmụ ụmụ dị ebube aha Dovmont, onye ndú nke ndị Pskov agha agha megide Katọlik. Nke a onyeisi bụ site Lithuania. Mgbe ọnwụ nke Mindaugas, o wee akụkụ ke agha obodo n'ala nna ha. Ọ dara na-nketa ọ bụla, ọ na-chụgara ha compatriots. Ọbụna mgbe Dovmont ama maka ya omeka agu. Àgwà ya nwere mmasị bi Pskov, onye mgbe ọnwụ nke Aleksandra Nevskogo mkpa nke otu nọọrọ onwe ha ikwado nke agbata obi. Dovmont ji obi ụtọ kweta na-ejere obodo, na 1266 ghọrọ Pskov-isi na warlord.

Nke a so mee ka ntuli aka nke a pụrụ iche na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị usoro agbasokarị na n'ebe ugwu nke Russia. Pskov na Novgorod bụ dị iche iche site na ndị ọzọ East obodo na-achị ha bụ ndị a họpụtara site na mkpebi nke na-ewu ewu votu - na Chamber. N'ihi nke a dị iche, ndi bi n'ala ndị a na-adị iche na ndị ọzọ Russian na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị center - Vladimir-on-Klyazma, chịrị site butere n'aka ndị nnọchiteanya nke Rurik usoro ndị eze. Ha na-akwụ ụgwọ ụtụ ahụ Mongol na oge chọrọ otu ụtụ Novgorod na Pskov. Otú ọ dị, n'agbanyeghị otú mgbagwoju na mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ha, isi iyi egwu maka Russian mba na ụbọchị ndị ahụ wee si n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ.

Site na nke a oge na Baltic States kpụrụ a conglomerate nke Catholic na-ekwu, nke ejikwara n'otu oge, na-achọ merie na baptism obodo na-ekpere arụsị na-emeri ndị Slav.

Novgorod mkpọsa na Lithuania

Na 1267 Novgorod haziri a nkuzi megide yiri nke agha Lithuanians, ndị na-adịghị ekwe ka zuru ike ha ala. Otú ọ dị, n'ụzọ na-eduga n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ esemokwu malitere n'etiti ìgwè, na mbụ plan gbanwere. Kama ịga na Lithuania, Novgorod we Estland, nke diri ndi Danish eze. Agha nke Wesenberg bụ njedebe nke agha. Anụmanụ na ihe mere mkpọsa ndị mgbe ozi ọma na Russian ahịa emegbu emegbu aka Revel ahịa, ekesịpde site na Danes.

Otú ọ dị, ọ bụrụ na ha chọrọ Novgorod ọ ga-esi ike ịjụ Catholic Union. The mbụ mgbasa 1267 biri, tupu ọ malite. The agha lọtara, na agha ndị ndú kpebiri-arịọ maka enyemaka si Grand Duke Vladimir Yaroslav Yaroslavich. On bịara n'ikperé mmiri nke Volkhov dị gọvanọ o kwetara na obodo ụmụ amaala. Ha nwere a nwa nwanne Alexander Nevskogo Yuriy Andreevich. Ọ bụ nke a-isi bu onye-isi usu na Russian agha, mgbe e nwere a Agha nke Wesenberg.

The Union of Russian isi

Russian uzú malitere ịmụta ọhụrụ ngwá agha na agha. Yuri Andreyevich kpọrọ ndị ọzọ Slavic isi isonyere ya mkpọsa. Ná mmalite, ndị isi nke ndị agha bụ ndị agha Novgorod, na Vladimir gbakwunyere agha, bụ ndị e nyere ndị gọvanọ Yaroslav Yaroslavich. Agha nke Wesenberg bụ iji nwalee ike nke sitere mmekọahụ n'etiti ndị agbata obi.

Ke adianade do, ndị Novgorod sooro ndị isi ndị ọzọ: nwa Aleksandra Nevskogo , Dmitry, bụ onye chịrị Pereyaslavl; Children Vladimir Prince Svyatoslav na Michael, na onye rutere Tver squad; nakwa dị ka Prince of Pskov Dovmont.

Mgbe Russian Knights nọ na-akwadebe maka ihe emeriri agha, Catholic-ekwuchitere mba mere ha kacha mma iji merie ndị iro. N'etiti nzukọ agha na Novgorod nnọchiteanya ahụ si Riga, nke na-anọchite anya na-ebute ọdịmma nke Livonian Order. Ọ bụ a atọ. Russian nnọchiteanya mekwara ka na-eme udo n'ọnọdụ ihe na Order mere adịghị akwado Danes na ha agha. Mgbe Novgorod negotiated na ndị bi Riga, ha ugbua zitere agha n'ebe ugwu nke onwunwe ha, na-akwadebe na-ahazi a ọnyà.

Reid na Baltics

January 23 nkwonkwo Russian squad si Novgorod. Ọ na-echere Agha nke Wesenberg. 1268 malitere na-emebu oyi, ya mere, ndị agha ngwa ngwa kpaliri oledenevshuyu Narva, bụbu ókè-ala n'etiti mba abụọ. Ebumnobi bụ isi nke mkpọsa bụ a putara ighe mkpa e wusiri ike Rakovor. Russian agha kpaliri nwayọọ nwayọọ, na-anọ-elekwasị anya looting-apụghị ịzọ onwe Danish ókèala.

Agha nke Wesenberg mere n'akụkụ osimiri, bụ ebe nke bụ ka kpọmkwem ike. Historians na-arụ ụka na onye ọ bụla ọzọ n'ihi na nke aka nke na isi mmalite nke dị iche iche ebe aha na-egosi. Ọ bụla, ndị agha mere February 18, 1268 na n'ebe ugwu nke Estonia, na nso nso obodo Rakovora.

Na-akwadebe maka agha

On na Iv nke nkukota zitere iwu nke Russian nledo iji mma ịmụta banyere onye iro dị ike. Iweghachi trackers kọrọ na ụlọikwuu nke ndị iro ọtụtụ dike maka otu naanị nke Danish Army. Wetara guesses na enen mgbe Russian Knights hụrụ tupu ha na knight nke Livonian Order. Nke a bụ a kpọmkwem mebiri nke udo kwekọrọ, nke ndị Germany kwetara na Novgorod na eve nke mkpọsa.

N'agbanyeghị eziokwu na onye iro agha ahụ bụ doubly ike karịa na-atụ anya site ndị ọchịagha nke Russian agha, ndị Slav emeghị flinch. Dị ka dị iche iche ihe emere n'ubọchi, n'ọgbọ agha bụ parity - n'akụkụ nke ọ bụla, e nwere ihe 25 na puku ndị mmadụ.

The eme nke ndị Germany

Iji nke agha nke Catholic agha e guzobere dị ka ọkacha mmasị Teutonic si eme. Ọ bụ eziokwu na na n'etiti kpamkpam njikere knight biliri n'ụdị a nkpirikpi eduzi kwupụta iro.

Iji nri ha bụ Danes. Ekpe bụ Riga agha. Flanks na-ekpuchi agha nke Knights. Agha nke Wesenberg mere bụghị na 1268 maka Katọlik anwa re-na-eche ha ọkọlọtọ si eme na ka ha n'oge agha Aleksandrom Nevskim.

Construction nke Russian agha

Russian agha na-e kewara a plurality regiments, ọ bụla nke na-usoro otu n'ime isi. Na nri guzo Pereyaslavets na Pskov. Ke n'etiti bụ Novgorod, n'ihi na nke Agha nke Wesenberg na 1268 bụ a bụrụkwa merenụ na-alụ megide Germany. Na-ekpe nke ha na-emi odude Tverskaya squad zitere-isi nke Vladimir.

Na Ọdịdị nke Russian agha ya isi drawback e liri ya. Obi ike na agha nkà dị ike tupu uncoordinated omume nke ọchịagha. Russian isi na-arụ ụka n'ihi na, onye iwu bụ onyeisi nke agha dum mkpọsa. Dị ka dynastic ọnọdụ, ọ sịrị Dmitry Alexandrovich, ma ọ bụ nwata, ọ na-enyeghị ya ịtụkwasị obi n'anya nke agadi ibe. The kasị elu atụmatụ bụ Lithuanian Dovmont, ma ọ bụ naanị ndị Pskov voivod na-abụghị nke na genus Rurik.

Ya mere, n'oge nile nke agha agha Russia mere na ha onwe ha, na-eme ha na-adịghị ike na Agha Ntụte. Agha nke Wesenberg, ndị na-akpata bụ ndị e kwubiri na agha nke Novgorod na ndị Katọlik, na mikwuo emie na ịma aka n'etiti Slavic isi.

Mmalite nke agha

Na agha nke German knight malitere Agha nke Wesenberg. February 18 bụ ikpebi nke ọzọ ndị agha ga-emeri n'agha ahụ. Mgbe ndị Germany gara n'ihu na etiti nke Tver na Pereyaslavl nche ibuso ndị iro ha flanks. Pskov ndi agha na-adịghị nọgidere na-abaghị uru. Ya Knights adabaghị n'ihe ndị agha nke na Bishop nke Dorpat.

The kasị njọ igbu da Novgorod. Ha nwere na ihu na-agha nke ama German "ezi" mgbe knights na edo ije na-emepe emepe na a frantic ọsọ, na ekpochapụ ndị iro si n'ọgbọ agha. Zhivago agha kwadebere maka uzo nke ihe agbakọta iji chebe onwe echelons. Otú ọ dị, ọbụna kenkwucha aghụghọ bụghị aka Novgorod nagide mmetụta nke ndi agha. Ha flinch mbụ, na n'etiti agha Russia anya sagged da. Malitere masịrị, o yiri ka na acho Agha nke Wesenberg. Echefu mmeri nke Russian ogwe aka na-emepụta ekele na obi ike na mkpebi siri nke Dmitry Alexandrovich.

Ya ndi agha jisiri imeri Riga agha. Mgbe onyeisi ghọtara na na azụ nke ikpe na-ọdiọk, ọ ngwa ngwa tụgharịa agha ya azụ na see Germany si n'azụ. Ndị na-agaghị atụ anya na ndị dị otú ahụ a daring agha.

Nnyefe nke ibu

Site na nke a oge na Novgorod gọvanọ Yurii ama ọsọ n'ọgbọ agha. Ihe ole na ole obi kara mkpụrụ obi nke ndị agha ya, nke nọgidere na n'ohu, sonyere oge ime ngwa ngwa iji nyere Dmitry Alexandrovich. Na ndị ọzọ ka iyi tojubigara ókè Danes akpatre nyefere ha ọnọdụ gbaa ọsọ mgbe militias nke nwụrụ anwụ bishop. Tverskaya squad abịaghị enyemaka nke Novgorod n'etiti na malitere achụso alaghachi azụ iro. N'ihi nke a, ndị agha Russia na-enweghị ike na-ahazi a ezigbo iguzogide ndị German "ezi."

Kwupụta mgbede Knights abụrụ agha Pereyaslavets na ọzọ malitere ibi na Novgorod. N'ikpeazụ, mgbe chi jiri, ha jide Russian convoy. Ọ na-emi odude, na nnọchibido igwe, nke na-akwadebe maka nnọchigide-n'agha na batara of Rakovora. All n'ime ha nọ na ozugbo ebibi. Otú ọ dị, ọ bụ naanị mgbe ụfọdụ ịga nke ọma nke ndị Germany. Agha nke Wesenberg, na nkenke na-ekwu okwu, naanị kwụsịrị n'ihi na nke di n'elu ìhè awa. azọ Army tọgbọ ngwá agha ha n'abalị ma gbalịa iji zuru ike, akpatre chepụta mmekọrịta ha na chi ọbụbọ.

Night agha kansul

N'abalị na ọnọdụ laghachi Tver ndi agha, bụ ndị na-achụ Danes. Ọ na-esonyere ndụ agha si ọzọ nkeji. Otu n'ime ihe ndị nwụrụ anwụ, a chọpụtara Novgorod onyeisi obodo Mikhail Fedorovich. A obere ka e mesịrị na-isi usu kansul tụlere echiche ọgụ ndị Germany na ọchịchịrị n'ihi ichughachiazu na mberede ụgbọ okporo ígwè. Otú ọ dị, nke a echiche bụ kwa adventurous, n'ihi na ndị agha bụ ndị ike gwụrụ na kụrụ aka ike. Ọ na-e kpebiri ichere ruo ụtụtụ.

N'otu oge, ndụ German ndi agha, nanị fọdụrụ nke mbụ guzobere agha Catholic conglomerate ghọtara na nhụsianya nke ọnọdụ ha. Ya isi kpebiri agbahapụ. N'okpuru cover nke abalị Germany hapụrụ Russian convoy, na bụghị na-ewere ya na ya dịghị mmepụta.

mmetụta

On n'ụtụtụ nke Russian agha anyị mụtara na ndị Germany agbapụwo. Nke a pụtara na ihe karịrị Agha nke Wesenberg. Ebe egbu wee ebe, ọtụtụ narị ozu ha tọgbọ n'ebe ahụ. Isi ubọchi atọ nọ n'ọhịa, na-eli ndị nwụrụ anwụ, na echefula na-anakọta trophies. The mmeri bụ maka Russian agha, ma n'ihi na nke eziokwu ahụ bụ na ndị Germany na-ebibi nnọchibido engines, na ogologo March kwupụta wusiri ike Rakovor-aghọ isi. Enweghị pụrụ iche ngwaọrụ kpọọ ike bụ ekwe omume. Nwere ike na-amalite ogologo ma na-agwụ nnọchibido, ma na site ná mmalite na ọ bụghị na atụmatụ nke Novgorod.

Ya mere, ndị agha Russia laghachi n'ala nna ha, n'obodo ha. Na a ngwọta, ọ bụghị nanị kwetara na Pskov Prince Dovmont, onye tinyere ya entourage wee a wakporo n'elu n'uko townships Pomerania. Agha nke Wesenberg, nke gburu banyere 15 puku ndị mmadụ, na-anọgide na a ịrịba ama see okwu n'etiti ndị agha na Catholic okpukpe iwu na Russian isi.