Ná mba ụfọdụ, a mmụba ume?

Hydroelectric ike osisi na mmụba ike ugbu a bụ nnọọ ekwe ike ụlọ ọrụ. Nke a ihe onwunwe mmụba ike ga-atụle: uru na ọghọm nke mmụba ike, na-arụ ọrụ ụkpụrụ, eme PES na zubere kwem ihe.

Ọzọ ume na isi mmalite: otu nnyocha

Taa, ga-eme n'ọdịnihu isi mmalite nke ike na-amị ogide uche bụghị naanị nke gburugburu ebe obibi na ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị, ma ego, injinia na investors. Ọzọ ume na isi mmalite (tides, anyanwụ, ifufe) bụ nke mmasị ruru ka dịtụ ala profitability na gburugburu ebe obibi egwu na nche. Na 2010, ndị na-abụghị omenala si iji hụ na ike gua banyere 5% nke ngụkọta gwusia site kpọrọ mmadụ. Fọrọ nke nta 2% (na zuru ụwa ọnụ uru) na ọ na-arụ ọrụ mmụba ike.

Olee otú mmụba ike

The ike nke ndị tides nwere mmasị na ndi mmadu na akpa ebe ya adịghị agwụ agwụ. The mgbalị mbụ iji ya maka abamuru ụbọchị azụ ka narị afọ nke iri, mgbe ha wee malite iwuru a obere dam na a mmiri tank, na mgbe e mesịrị ọka mills. Ndị a prototypes nke oge a na mmụba ike ka na-eji na-akụ na ụba mba.

Na nchọpụta nke na ọkụ eletrik, n'ibu "ike" na-anọchi ọzọ maara mmadụ n'oge a. Taa, ike nke tides amama pupụtara nke nnukwu turbines na converted n'ime ọkụ eletriki ike. N'ihi ya, otu ụkpụrụ dị ka nke a ole na ole narị afọ gara aga, na ubé gbanwetụrụ n'okpuru ugbu a na ọnọdụ na ụba ina.

ike nsogbu nke tides

Na-ewu nke mmụba ike - nnọọ oké ọnụ mmega. Ke adianade do, site na-ahụ na ego na-ekwu uru ewu nke isi PES, nke bụ nnọọ impractical maka ime ma ọ bụ ebikebeghị na mpaghara. Na nsogbu ndị ọzọ na-agụnye ndị na-esonụ:

• fluctuations na ike nke mmụba ike osisi, nke a na-ejikọta ya na a mgbanwe mmụba elu (na-agbanwe agbanwe na mmụba ike) kwa izu abụọ;

• mismatching nke mbụ oge nke anwụ na-acha ụbọchị site n'oge omume nke tides;

• kacha oge ịgbanwee n'etiti ike ọgbọ na oriri;

• mgbe ụfọdụ, na-achọ ọzọ ume dị nso mmụba ike.

Ọzọkwa, ọ na-ahụ kweere na-arụsi ọrụ ike na-erigbu mmụba ike osisi ga-eduga nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi na-adịghị na mbụ maara kpọrọ mmadụ - na mgbochi nke adiana nke Earth. Nke ikpeazụ na-adịghị egosi na ikikere isi mmalite na nkà mmụta sayensị na obodo. Employment nke a nnukwu ego nke PES ga-amụba, na ogologo nke a ụbọchị site ego ugboro itoolu erughị mmụba ume (eke mmụba braking).

Uru ewu nke mmụba ike

Against ndabere nke ọdachi na ihe ọghọm na-erukwa na nuclear ike osisi bụ obere, ma na-ahapụ a na ebe nchekwa nke ya onwe ya ruo ogologo oge, ọzọ ume na isi mmalite anya dị ka a mma ọzọ. Ma ọ bụ ezie na ihe isi ike na ndị na-ewu nke mmụba ike bụ zuru ezu, uru nwere nnọọ ole na ole:

1. Environmentally enyi na enyi. N'ihe banyere mmadụ mere ọdachi PES puru na ụdi ofufe nke nnukwu ókèala ebelata ka ọ fọrọ nke nta efu. Ọ dịghị ize ndụ umu anwuru si mmanụ ụgbọala combustion.

2. Pụrụ ịdabere. Taidal ike stably na-arụ ọrụ na a ọkọlọtọ mode na na ọnụ ọgụgụ kasị elu ibu.

3. Low ike na-eri. E jiri ya tụnyere ndị ọzọ ụdị ike osisi, PES nwere a ala na-eri nke ike, nke na-egosi na ndị na-arụpụta n'ezie nke ọrụ.

4. High arụmọrụ. The akakabarede arụmọrụ nke eke ike na a pụrụ iji mee ihe ruo 80%, mgbe ifufe ike mkpụrụ ruo 30% arụmọrụ, na anyanwụ ike - nkezi nke 5-15%, ma na ụfọdụ na ọ bụ ike weghara na 35% arụmọrụ.

La Rance: akpa mmụba ike osisi

Akuko mgbe agbasa mmụba ike bụ n'afọ 1967 mgbe ọ na e tinyere n'ime ọrụ, "La Rance" - akpa PES, emi odude ke France, na akụkọ ihe mere eme na mpaghara nke Brittany. Iji ike nke tides ebe a bụ n'ihi na oké tides eru iri na atọ na ọkara mita na-emebu elu nke asatọ mita.

PES Power "La Rance" - 240 MW, na ndị na-eri kwa unit nke ike (kW \ h) na ọkara ugboro ala karịa na mbụ maka French ike. Mmiri e gbochiri egbochi ike ebe ọ bụghị nanị na-arụ ọrụ nke huu ezigbo ọrụ nke ike owuwu, ma a akwa n'elu nke na-aga n'okporo ụzọ na-ejikọ ndị obodo nke Dinard na St. Malo. Ke adianade do, "La Rance" bụ a na-ewu ewu njegharị mma na-adọta na France na abụọ na narị abụọ na puku njem.

PES na South Korea: kasị ike ike osisi

Sihwa Lake Taidal Power Station - ọzọ pụrụ iche isiokwu nke ọzọ ume, bụ nke dị n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ-n'ụsọ oké osimiri nke South Korea na keakamere n'ọnụ mmiri. The osisi a họpụtara na 2011 na ngwa ngwa kewapụrụ nke abụọ ọnọdụ na mbụ ike na ụwa nke PES.

Kpọmkwem tupu e-ewu nke ike osisi mkpa ike a na-esite nke ọhụrụ mmiri. Mgbe e mesịrị, mmiri quality malitere njọ, na 1997 (mgbe ikwado ntule na ịzụlite ngwọta Marine Research Institute) e kpebiri ka a onu ke dike. Nke a mere ka o kwe omume na-eji ike nke tides. Construction nke TPP malitere na 2003 na ndokwa maka igba egbe na 2009. N'ihi igbu oge na-ewu nke ike osisi na oru na 2011.

Taidal ike osisi na mba ndị ọzọ

N'ókèala na-eji ike nke tides, na ọ bụghị nanị France na-aga n'ihu tech South Korea. Taidal ike ụgbọ na-ejikwara na:

• UK;

• Norway;

• Canada;

• China;

• India;

• United States of America.

Ọbụna ụfọdụ na-ekwu na-eme atụmatụ iji nwee ụdị ụlọ ọrụ.

Taidal ike osisi na Russia

Na Russia, mmụba ume kemgbe 1968 ke kpuchie nke ibuo ọrụ PES na acidic Guba na Barents Sea (lee foto). Projects maka owuwu nke atọ ọzọ mmụba ike osisi (onye na White Sea, na abụọ - na Sea of Okhotsk) e mepụtara n'oge Soviet oge. Na nke ugbu a ọnọdụ nke ma ihe a na-amaghị, mgbe Mezenskaya PES, atumatu na Arkhangelsk mpaghara, nwere ohere na-kasị ike mmụba ike osisi na ụwa. Ọzọkwa, imewe na-adọ bụ North PES na Kola Peninsula.

Atụmatụ maka inwekwu ojiji

Taidal ume ghọtara site na mba uwa na-ekwe nkwa isi iyi, nke mere na ugbu a mmepe nke ọtụtụ oru ngo nke PES na mba dị iche iche gburugburu ụwa na-ifịk ifịk underway. N'ihi ya, ndị na-ewu nke mmụba ike osisi zubere n'ọdịnihu dị nso na South Korea, Scotland, ndị Indian steeti Gujarat, New York na Swansea na UK. The ò ojiji nke a akụ ga budata belata na pasent nke ike na-emepụta na omenala ụzọ, na ntụziaka nke ọzọ environmentally friendly, pụrụ ịdabere na ala ngwọta.