Nikolskoye-eli ozu nke Alexander Nevsky Lavra na St. Petersburg: ili nke siri

On mben Neva River, na ókèala ndị Alexander Nevsky Obibi, ọ bụ otu n'ime ihe ndị kasị akpali ebe ili ozu na St. Petersburg, a na-akpọ Nikolsky. Tọrọ ntọala fọrọ nke nta ka otu narị afọ na ọkara mgbe e mesịrị ka ebe obibi ndị mọnk ahụ n'onwe ya, ọ na-nwere njikọ chiri na akụkọ banyere ya ọ na-gbara ya gburugburu site na ọtụtụ akụkọ na-emeghị ekewet anya gara aga, na ndị na-ka na-adị ọhụrụ na ebe nchekwa nke anyị na ha dịkọrọ ndụ.

Gọziri agọzi Prince - chi nke obodo

Na 1710, mgbe elu nke agha na Swedes, King Peter m, na-achọ ịkpọlite ndị mmụọ nke ndị agha, o nyere iwu ka dina n'ebe obibi ndị mọnk na nsọpụrụ nke St. Alexander Nevsky, nyawaa ha 470 afọ gara aga. Iji mezuo nke a, ya onwe họọrọ ebe, dị ka-adị n'ime afọ ndị ahụ na-ezighị ezi uche, a akụkọ ihe mere eme n'agha.

N'ihi ya e tọrọ ntọala ama Alexander Nevsky Lavra na St. Petersburg, bụ na afọ ndị ahụ, bụ isi obodo nke Russian Alaeze Ukwu. Ya na-ewu kere fọrọ nke nta niile XVIII narị afọ, na na na n'etiti 1790, na njedebe nke ọrụ metụtara ndị na-ewu nke isi ụkpụrụ ụlọ center - Holy Trinity Cathedral, Laura were a ikpeazụ anya. Aha ya, dị ka chọrọ site na nchoputa nke St. Petersburg - Tsar Peter m, ọ bụ na nsọpụrụ nke kpara eto eto, nke Swedes, bụ onye ghọrọ nchebe senti nke obodo, onye onwunwe e zigara ya si Vladimir na 1724.

The mbụ na-eli ozu nke ọhụrụ obibi ndị mọnk

More karịa narị afọ abụọ, na obodo na Neva River bụ isi obodo nke Russian Alaeze Ukwu, na ọ bụghị ihe ijuanya na ọ bụ ya ùgwù bụ ndị kasị elu ọnọdụ ndị ọzọ ebe obibi nke enwekwukwa ma na mgbe na-eto eto ala. N'oge trohvekovoy akụkọ ihe mere eme ùgwù na ya n'ókèala e guzobere ọtụtụ ebe ili ozu na mebere ama Russian necropolis. Nke mbụ n'ime ha bụ Lazarevskoye.

Olili na ya malitere na-emepụta ebe 1713, ie adịghị anya mgbe a tọrọ ntọala nke ùgwù. Nke a necropolis, emi odude na ókèala nke Russia kasị ukwuu n'ebe obibi ndị mọnk, na ya ọnọdụ n'ofè nkịtị ebe ili ozu. Ịpụta ihe ọ banyere na, maka olili na ọ chọrọ a eze ikike.

Karịrị otu narị afọ mgbe e mesịrị, na 1823, ókèala ndị mọnk e tọrọ ntọala bụghị extant Tikhvin na-eli ozu na saịtị nke e mechara pụta Necropolis nke Artists. N'ime ya n'ókèala site na ndị ọzọ mepere emepe ebe ili ozu a kpaliri ili ozu nke ndị a ma ama na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke Russian art.

Ịmepụta Nikolskoye na-eli ozu

Ndien ke akpatre, nke-atọ oge na isi nke Nikolskoye-eli ozu nke ndị Alexander Nevsky Obibi, meghere na 1863 n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Nsọ Atọ n'Ime Otu Cathedral, ya mere na ọ nwetara Aha nke mbụ Zasobornogo. Nikolsky dị ka ọ bịara mara na ebe ọ bụ na 1871, mgbe e wuru na-nsọ dị nso ma nye ya aha ya St. Nicholas Church.

Ọ maara na ogologo oge tupu a tọọ ntọala na-eli ozu na-zubere na-agbaji a sara ogige, site na nke ga-dina ụzọ na isi n'ọnụ ụzọ n'ebe obibi ndị mọnk. Ma mgbe e mesịrị architects gbanwere. Dị ka ẹnịm ta ihe ndia, akpa-eli ozu ebe a rụrụ na May 1863. Ọ a maara, aha nke onye na-akpa-aga n'ala nke ọhụrụ eli. Ọ bụ minista nwaanyị di ya nwụrụ Laura Sergeya Afanasevicha Timofeeva - Barbara Nikitichna.

Rigor na ezi uche nke na-eli ozu plan

Alexander Nevsky Lavra na St. Petersburg kemgbe ntọala ya dabeere nnọọ ike plan, mepụtara ihe a ma ama-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ Domenico Trezzini. Ọ dabeere na rigorous geometrical chepụtara. Ha bụ ndị e ji mara mma na ọhụrụ na-eli ozu. Isi n'ọnụ ụzọ ámá na-ejikọrọ na a ogologo uzo Nicholas Church, na natara aha St. Nicholas. Ọ bụ Central longitudinal axis. Na abụọ nke ọ bụ ndị yiri tracks, ndinyanade mbịne n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ. Ha, n'aka, na-agazu uzo warawara na-eduga na ndịda nke necropolis.

Na chere na ọ bụ na ọnọdụ nke ihe artificially kere ọdọ mmiri. N'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ nke oghere bụ nnọọ sinik anya nke ụlọ chọọchị nke Alexander Nevsky Lavra. Guzo na n'ikpere mmiri, i nwere ike n'out oge na-enweta Trinity Katidral na Church of Annunciation na Fedorov.

Na-eli ozu n'ihi na J.Randall

Site ná mmalite, a na-eli ozu bụ ndị kasị oké ọnụ ma na-akwanyere ùgwù n'ebe ili ozu na St. Petersburg. Ntem, ọ na-e dere na kwesịrị nṅomi n'ụzọ, na-echetara ya echiche, kama, a park karịa ebe a na-ebighi ebi ike. Jụụ na ọmarịcha ọdọ mmiri naanị zuo ezu nke a myirịta. Ndị dị otú ahụ a ọnọdụ maka ha nọgidere ruo mgbe October mgbanwe.

Nikolskoye-eli ozu nke Alexander Nevsky Obibi, nke na-emepụta na-eli ukwuu n'ime ndị bara ọgaranya, na njedebe nke XIX narị afọ mma na ọtụtụ nke ukwuu na nkà ụlọ ekpere na crypts. Ha oru nyere ihe kasị mma nka nke oge dị ka I. Schroeder, R. Bach, I. Podozorov na ndị ọzọ. Kasị nke ụlọ wuru na ndị e ji mara nke oge Old Russian style.

Okomoko na sophistication ili

Ọzọ e ji mara ihe dị iche Nikolsky eli ozu mgbe nile n'ụba ọkpụkpụ, ịgbakwunye ma ọ bụ dochie a gravestones. The anya nke ndị ọbịa nke na-eli ozu na-invariably adọta tombstones, mere na Art nouveau style. Ha mma bụ n'isi, mere iji Mozis, majolica na ceramik.

Na ihe karịrị ọkara otu narị afọ tupu October mgbanwe, bụ ebe ọtụtụ ndị a ma ama na e lie: ama aviators LM Matsievich na SI Utochkin, andiwet na-eduzi Rubinshteyn Anton Grigorevich, ndị nkwusa A. S. Suvorin na SN Shebinsky nakwa dị ka ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ.

The na-ezu ike n'ebe ndị ụkọchukwu

Ebe ọ bụ na mmalite nke ịdị adị nke Nikolskoye na-eli ozu na ya n'ókèala e ekenyela a pụrụ iche ebe maka olili nke ndị mọnk ndị mọnk na agadi ụkọchukwu nke St. Petersburg. Ọ nwetara aha Bratsk, na site na isi ahu iche track, na-akpọ ndị ndú.

Nke a na saịtị na-ẹnịm ke Soviet oge, na na 1979 ọ ẹbụk site Metropolitan Nikodim (Rotov). Ruru ya ewu ewu n'etiti ndị ụkọchukwu na ndị nkịtị onye kwesịrị ntụkwasị obi ka Chọọchị ndị ahụ siri ike nke ekweghị na Chineke mkpagbu, ya olili anana n'elu a eke na afọ ndị ahụ, na mgbake usoro nke na-eli ozu, dị nnọọ ogbenye ọnọdụ.

Chebe-enweghị ebe obibi na ndị ohi

Nikolskoye-eli ozu nke Alexander Nevsky Obibi, n'agbanyeghị eziokwu ahụ bụ akụkụ nke ebe obibi ndị mọnk nke necropolis, ọ dịghị ihe ngosi nka-idobere ọnọdụ. Na biakwa obibia nke Soviet ike o ugboro ugboro na-aga na-emechi, na ihe kpatara ya bụ bụghị nanị na ndị ọhụrụ nke nna ukwu nke ụwa na-na-ahụ na ọ bụla ideological ma ọ bụ akụkọ ihe mere eme uru.

Ozugbo mgbanwe ọchịchị, mgbe ndị obodo njọ The mpụ ọnọdụ, na-eli ozu na-adọta ọtụtụ na-apụnara mmadụ, izu na oge izu-emeghe ili ili na search of ọnụ. Ke ofụri ofụri, ya n'ókèala ghọrọ a ebe mgbaba maka enweghị ebe obibi na runaway omempụ, onye biri n'etiti ili na terrorizing-agafe agafe. Iji n'ụzọ ụfọdụ na-etinye ihe ka, e kpebiri niile eli ozu, na-anọchite anya ụfọdụ mmasị kwagara n'ebe ndị ọzọ, na ụlọ ekpere na crypts, nke ghọọ a den nke ndị ohi, na-ebibi.

Reburial na searchlights n'afọ iri abụọ

The n'ụzọ zuru ezu n'elu mkpebi bụghị emejuputa atumatu, na Nikolskoye eli ozu (St. Petersburg) wee na-adị, ma na Necropolis nke Artists ka kpaliri foduru nke ọtụtụ ndị a ma ama na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke Russian omenala. Ndị a bụ ndị aha ha gụnyere ihe nile anyị na ihe mere eme. N'etiti ha, onye pụtara ìhè musician Rubinstein Anton Grigorievich, artist Kustodiev, a ma ama na-eme ihe nkiri nke n'oge XX narị afọ Vera Fodorovna Komissarzhevskaya na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ na-ese ihe.

Na n'afọ iri abụọ na-achị obodo bịara ngo nke ihe e kere eke nke mbụ akpọ ha ọkụ n'ebe e liri na Russia. Mejuputa ya ga-ọma tọghata mechiri emechi site na oge St. Nicholas Church. The mbụ nwere ọbụna rụrụ, ma ha kụrụ afọ n'ala na-enweghị kwesịrị ekwesị na ngwá, na nke a echiche e dabara nke ọma hapụrụ. Akpọ ha ọkụ na Leningrad e wuru naanị na 1973, na nke a, na 1980, na St. Nicholas na-eli ozu wuru a columbarium.

The dike nke ọhụrụ akụkọ

N'etiti ndị na-ahụ n'ebe ikpeazụ izu ike ebe ke post-Kọmunist oge, e nwere ndị na n'ụzọ ziri ezi gụnyere ndị mere nke St. Petersburg. Mbụ niile, nke a bụ ya mbụ onyeisi obodo Anatoly Sobchak. Dị ka a gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Leningrad State University, Anatoliy Aleksandrovich kemgbe 1973 aku na nkuzi, ọ gbachiteere na 1982 doctoral dissertation na ghọrọ a prọfesọ na otu onye nke ezi ikike iche. Ebe ọ bụ na mmalite nke nineties, Anatoly Sobchak bụ ifịk ifịk na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ndụ nke obodo, na, interrupting ya otu ke Communist Party kwubara, na-aghọ otu n'ime ndị ndú nke perestroika ije.

Ke adianade ya na St. Nicholas na-eli ozu liri ya na State Duma osote onye Starovoytova Galina Vasilevna, ọtụtụ ihe e mere iji merie nsogbu nke ọchịchị aka ike na onye e gburu n'aka ndị killers na November 1998. On ili ya nwere ike mgbe niile na-ahụ ọhụrụ okooko osisi ada site Petersburgers ndị na-echeta ma na-ekele ya obodo feat. E na-eli a ma ama na chọọchị onye ndú, Metropolitan of St. Petersburg na Ladoga John (Snychov), onye ịkwụsị Jehova na 1995 na-ahapụ a na ebe nchekwa dị ka otu n'ime-arụsi ọrụ ike ndị na-usoro nke revival nke okpukpe nsụhọ nke Russia.

Na-eli ozu na etikwasị na nineties

New kwalite ya mmepe Nikolskoye-eli ozu nke Alexander Nevsky Lavra nwetara na nineties. Ọ bụ, dị ka gara aga afọ, ọ na-na-na-ezu ike n'ebe ndị ikwu nwere ike ịkwụ ụgwọ ahụ. Ọtụtụ "ọhụrụ Russian" ọchịchị na Come azụmahịa mesịrị bụrụ ebighị ebi ya lodgers mgbe omenala na afọ ndị ahụ ọbara "showdown." Atụghị anya, ọ na-ama ahụ dị ndụ ọzọ nọ nkịtị n'ihu ọtụtụ akụkọ na-emeghị banyere ajọ mmụọ, kwuru mere Nikolskoye eli ozu nke ebe mgbaba ya.

Asịrị na-enweghị isi na-agbasa site na a na-eli ozu

A na-akpọ-acha odo odo pịa bụ ebe ikwubiga okwu ókè na afọ ndị ahụ, asịrị banyere ahụrụ na ókèala ya, na n'okpuru ala catacombs, mere ndokwa na oge ochie Vikings, na jupụtara bụghị naanị ochie na ngwá agha, ma na-kpokọtara na-efe ofufe, ọ bụghị tụfuru ya ike ọbụna taa. Ọtụtụ e-ekwu okwu banyere Satanists bụ onye mere nkwulu Chineke, na-adịghị asọpụrụ Chineke na-eme ememe na ọhụrụ ili.

Ọbụna na-aga dị ka na-ekwu, ma ọ bụrụ na n'okpuru isi ebe ịchụàjà nke Lavra ụka - Holy Trinity Cathedral - bụ ebe ịchụàjà maka eme a black uka. Ke ofụri ofụri, ndị mmadụ pụrụ ichetụ n'echiche maara dịghị ókè, mbịne n'ime ndị kasị lurid agba Nikolskoye-eli ozu nke Alexander Nevsky Lavra. celebrity ili dị ka a n'ihi na-etinye na backburner, na ọtụtụ dọtara ndị a Setan akụkọ.

Na-eleta eleta elu ina

Taa, anyị nwere ike ikwu na, ihe ndị ọzọ ebe ili ozu nke St. Petersburg mmasị pụrụ iche n'etiti ndị njem nleta na ndị bi na-enwe Nikolskoye-eli ozu nke Alexander Nevsky Lavra. Awa: 9: 00-17: 00 (October ka April) na 9: 00-19: 00 (site na May ka September). Nke a bụ bụghị mgbe niile zuru ezu na-ekwe ka ọ na-enyocha ihe niile comers, nke bụghị ihe ijuanya, nyere mmasị kpaliri site ụmụ amaala, ọ bụghị naanị ya akụkọ ihe mere eme, ma onye lie ya.

Iji mma kwesiri ina na-agbalịsi ike na nlegharị anya na òtù na-eme management Nikolsky-eli ozu nke Alexander Nevsky Lavra. The ọrụ awa ha (dị ka ozi na izi na kpere ndị bara uru, n'ihi na ihe atụ, na mmepụta nke ncheta), bụ nnọọ iche iche.

mmehie Procopius

Ndien ke akpatre, ị nwere ike icheta otu n'ime ndị akụkọ, nke ugbua na e kwuru n'elu. Karịsịa ewu ewu dị na afọ ndị a akụkọ banyere a mọnk site na aha Laura Procopius. E kwuru na, na-apụ apụ site n'ezi okwukwe, ọ ghọrọ dibịa afa na-ekwurịta okwu na mmụọ ọjọọ. Ozugbo Setan n'onwe ya nyere ya a ndibiat. Procopius ama ụgwọ igbu otu n'ime ili mmehie n'elu Christmas n'abalị, na mgbe ahụ tupu chi 666 ugboro ka ọ kọchaa Chineke. N'ihi na nke a ọ na-e kwere nkwa ndụ ebighị ebi.

N'ihi na mmehie na-adịghị bilitere, abamuru nke a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke hotel "Moscow", na n'abalị e nwere ọtụtụ ihe. Ma mgbe, na-egbu ya na-eli ozu, onye mọnk gbalịrị ịkpọ kwetara nọmba nke ọbụbụ ọnụ, m na-apụghị izute tupu usiahautịn. On n'ụtụtụ nke mbụ ọbịa chọpụtara obere akadiahade aru nke a mọnk, onye nke bụ onye na ụkwụ ghọọ a cat si ubọk. Ọ bụ nnọọ ekwe omume na ihe niile a bụ akụkọ ifo, kama ọ bụ naanị ebe ọ bụ na-eli ozu na e nwere nnukwu feisty cat, ajị nke strangely yiri ajị agba n'ezi ofufe dapụ Procopius. Onye na-adịghị kwere nwere ike ịga na-ahụ.