Nitrogen dioxide

Nitrogen chemical mmewere na ọnụọgụ nzùrùòkè 7 odude 5 otu nke Mendeleev oge usoro. Nke a diatomic gas n'okpuru nkịtị ọnọdụ nke zuru ezu inert. Na Ụwa ikuku, ọ akụkọ ihe atọ n'ụzọ anọ. The mmewere ji ndị na-esonụ ọxịdashọn ekwu, sị: -3, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. Ọ bụ akụkụ nke ọtụtụ ogige. Otu bụ a ọbara ọbara-agba aja aja na-egbu egbu gas (ji ike iwe akụkụ okuku ume tract, na-eme akpa ume edema na elu kasịnụ), na-enwe ihe e ji mara nkọ, pungent isi - bụ nitrogen dioxide. The usoro bụ NO2. Ezengwenri uka 46,01 g / mol. Njupụta 2,62 g / dm³. Esi ebe 21 Celsius C. Mgbe etisasịwo mmiri mkpatụ na ya. The Refractive index nke 1.449 (na 20 ° C).

Nitrogen dioxide na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa ikuku onwu, gụnyere guzobere tropospheric ozone. N'out oge, ọ bụ isi ihe na ikuku mmetọ na márá na ulo oru njikọ nke nitric acid, nke na-emepụta ọtụtụ nde tọn kwa afọ. Nke a bụ otu n'ime ọtụtụ nitrogen oxides (ọnụọgụ abụọ inorganic ogige nke nitrogen na oxygen) na ọxịdashọn:

• M - N2O nitrogen oxide;

• II - NO nitrogen monoxide;

• III - dinitrogen trioxide N2O3;

• IV - NO2 nitrogen dioxide na dinitrogen tetraoxide N2O4;

• V - dinitrogen pentoxide, N2O5;

• trinitramide N (NO2) 3.

Nitrogen dioxide na-adị mfe gasị. Ọ dị arọ karịa ikuku. N'okpuru nkịtị ọnọdụ NO2 weere (ihe dị ka 1: 1) na colorless umi (ya dimer) N2O4. NO2 onwu na-ọma ghọtara.

Site na mmeghachi omume na mmiri na-hydrolyzed, dapụtara abụọ kpụrụ acid (nitrous na nitric): 2NO2 + H2O → HNO2 + HNO3.

Na Jeremaya mere na alkali salts na-guzobere dị ka abụọ ndị asịd: 2NaOH + 2NO2 → NaNO2 + NaNO3 + H2O.

Ọ bụ a siri ike oxidant ike nke oxidizing SO2 ka SO3. Na usoro a ọ dabeere onwunwe nitrous na igirigi ibu sulphuric acid. The ọkara NO2 ọtụtụ bekee, gụnyere organic ogige, sọlfọ, carbon na site, ọkụ.

Nitrogen dioxide a na-n'ozuzu na-emepụta site ọxịdashọn nke nitrogen oxide ikuku oxygen: O2 + 2NO → 2NO2

Na laabu, NO2 kwadebere nzọụkwụ abụọ: akpịrị ịkpọ nkụ nke nitric acid ka dinitrogen pentoxide, bụ nke a thermally akadiahade:

2HNO3 → N2O5 + H2O,

2N2O5 → 4NO2 + O2.

N'ihi nke kwes decomposition nke ụfọdụ metal nitrati nwekwara ike ịbụ njikere NO2:

2Pb (NO3) 2 → 4NO2 + 2PbO + O2.

The oxide pụrụ kpụrụ site omume nitric acid (lekwasị) si ọla (e.g., ọla kọpa):

4HNO3 + Cu → 2NO2 + Cu (NO3) 2 + 2H2O.

N'okpuru nduzi nke nitric acid (lekwasị) tin adianade nitrogen dioxide, tin acid guzobere a site-ngwaahịa:

4HNO3 + Sn → H2O + H2SnO3 + 4NO2.

Ụfọdụ na isi mmalite oxide N2O4 (IV) e kwuru na dị ka nitrogen tetroxide. Ma nke a bụ a misnomer, dị ka umi bụ dinitrogen tetroxide. NO2 dị ịha na colorless gas N2O4: 2NO2↔N2O4.

Ebe ọ bụ na nke a itule bụ exothermic, ọ na-gbanwere akuku NO2 na elu okpomọkụ na ala - kwupụta N2O4. Deamer-aga n'ime siri ike ikwu na a okpomọkụ nke mwepu 11.2 Celsius C. Na okpomọkụ nke 150 degrees erekasịchaala: N2O4 → 2NO2, mgbe ahụ, 2NO2 → 2NO + O2.

Nitric acid a na-nwayọọ nwayọọ tọhapụrụ NO2, nke na-enye ndị e ji mara odo agba nke ọtụtụ ndị samples of a acid:

4HNO3 → 4NO2 + 2H2O + O2.

Nitrogen dioxide na-adị mfe achọpụtara site isi ọbụna na ala kasịnụ, inhalation nke Alụlụụ kwesịrị ẹse. Otu nwere isi iyi nke NO2 na-fuming nitric acid nke allocates NO2 na okpomọkụ n'elu 0 degrees. nsí mgbaàmà (akpa ume edema) na-emekarị na-egosi mgbe inhalation nke nwere kpara doses a awa ole na ole. E nwere ihe àmà na ogologo oge n'ebe NO2 na kasịnụ n'elu 40-100 mg / m³ nwere ike ibelata akpa ume ọrụ na-amụba ihe ize ndụ nke akụkụ okuku ume na ihe mgbaàmà. Na ọmụmụ nke ụfọdụ ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị ike a njikọ n'etiti ịta nke NO2 na ọnwụ mberede ụmụaka.

Nitrogen dioxide kpụrụ ọtụtụ combustion Filiks ebe ikuku na-eji dị ka oxidant.

Na elu okpomọkụ, na nitrogen na-agwakọta ya na oxygen na-etolite nitric oxide: O2 + N2 → 2NO, mgbe ahụ, NO na-oxidized ikuku na-etolite dioxide O2 + 2NO → 2NO2:

1. N'okpuru nkịtị ikuku ịta bụ a nnọọ ngwa ngwa usoro.

2. The yikarịrị isi iyi nke NO2 bụ esịtidem combustion engines, kwes ike osisi na, ka a nta ruo n'ókè, pulp mills.

3. Gas heaters na ite-ọku uku nwekwara isi mmalite nke a oxide. Chọrọ nitrogen na ẹkenam na ngafe combustion ikuku, nke na-ghọrọ ka nitrogen oxides na elu okpomọkụ.

4. Na ezinụlọ kerosin heaters na gas heaters nwekwara isi mmalite nke NO2.

5. nitrogen dioxide eme na ikuku nuclear ule (ọbara ọbara na agba ero ígwé ojii).

6. Ụfọdụ ugbo ebe nke ya n'elu kasịnụ nwere ike iru 30 g / m³.

7. NO2 na-ndammana mepụtara égbè eluigwe, mmiri ozuzo.