Nje bacteria: a ụzọ na-eri, bughi atụmatụ, ebe obibi

Isiokwu a ga-atụle ihe ndị kasị ochie ntule - bacteria. Isi nri na ebe obibi ndị a ntule bụ nnọọ iche iche. Olee interconnected àgwà ndị a?

General e ji mara bacteria

The bacteria ndị a ìgwè nke microscopic unicellular ntule. Ha na-prokaryotes. Nke a pụtara na ha mkpụrụ ndụ adịghị nwere nuclei agbala. Ha mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na ihe onwunwe e nwere DNA molekul annular nsogbu ozugbo na cytoplasm.

Akpụzi nke nje na mkpụrụ ndụ bụ nnọọ iche iche. Ha nwere ike na-ụdị a okirikiri, mkpanaka, mkpụrụ vaịn, spirals, kpakpando, na cube m. P. ngwa bacteria na -edozi anọchi anya permeable akpụkpọ ahụ, mucous Capsule na cell mgbidi murein ma ọ bụ esịnede pectin. Na cytoplasm na prokaryotic ribosomes bụ cytoskeletal ọcha.

Nje bacteria: a ụzọ eri ihe, na-ebi na gburugburu ebe obibi

N'ihi na mfe nke Ọdịdị, na bacteria mụtachara niile ebe. Ha na-hụrụ na mmiri, ala, ikuku, nkume, na-ekpo ọkụ isi iyi, na ozu elu na esịtidem akụkụ nke osisi, na ụmụ anụmanụ na ụmụ mmadụ. Site n'ụzọ nke nri bacteria na-ma auto- na heterotrophs.

Ihe mbụ nwere na ha mkpụrụ ndụ, na plastids chloroplasts site nke photosynthesis emee. Ya pụta bụ a carbohydrate glucose, nke na-eji mejuputa dị iche iche Filiks nke ndụ. The ntule eji maka njikọ nke organic bekee anyanwụ ike, na-akpọ phototrophs. A na-agụnye akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, odo odo na cyanobacteria.

Ìgwè ndị ọzọ dị autotrophic bacteria na-eji maka ndụ nke ike nke chemical agbụ. Ha tọghata mgbagwoju ogige n'ime mfe. Nke a usoro a na-akpọ chemosynthesis. Ihe Nlereanya nke ndị dị otú ahụ ntule bụ sọlfọ, ígwè, na nitrogen-gwara bacteria.

Na zuru ezu ọtụtụ ìgwè nke heterotrophic prokaryotes. ha ike ọkọnọ na-adabere na gburugburu ebe obibi. Dabere na nke a, e nwere atọ dị iche iche nke bacteria:

• saprotrophs;
• nje;
• symbiotic ntule.

Ka anyị tụlee nke ọ bụla n'ime ha zuru ezu.

saprotrophs

Otu a nke bacteria bi niile media nke nwere organic okwu. Nke a nwere ike ịbụ ala, osisi na ụmụ anụmanụ. Ka ihe atụ, bacteria nke ire ere nke ike na-saprotroph usoro. Ha na-amalite irekasị organic okwu, wepụ nri.

Dị otú ahụ bụ ụzọ nke ike nke lactic acid bacteria. Ha nwere ikike ferment carbohydrates na n'ọtụtụ ebe, na-eji na-emepụta ihe oriri. Kefir, fermented butere mmiri ara ehi, obi cheese, yogot - niile n'efu ngwaahịa nke ụdị prokaryotes.

ụmụ ahụhụ

Parasitic bacteria, usoro bụ nke na-a ike heterotrophic ibi n'ime ma ọ bụ n'elu ọzọ ntule. Iri nri nke nna ukwu nke ndụ, ha ime ka oké njọ nke ọrịa. Dị ka ihe atụ, ọnyụnyụ ọbara nje na-akpata, na ba uba na eriri afọ, na-akpata adịghị ike, ọkụ, isi ọwụwa, obi nkoropụ nke a oche - niile ngosipụta nke ọnyụnyụ ọbara. "The ọrịa unyi aka" na-emekarị kwuru na dị ka salmonellosis, ịba ahụ ọkụ na ọrịa ọgbụgbọ na ọnyụnyụ. All nke ha na-mere site ingestion nke parasitic prokaryotes.

Human na ụmụ anụmanụ ize ndụ nke ọrịa na-arịa ụkwara nta, anthrax, tetanus, rịaworo, diphtheria, glanders, Brucellosis. Usoro nke ha iwebata n'ime ahu dị iche:

• eri mmeru mmiri ma ọ bụ nri;
• airborne ụzọ;
• ọdịda ime ọcha.

symbiotic bacteria

Ọtụtụ ntule nwere ike ịbanye ibe bara uru mmekọrịta na ndị ọzọ na ala-eze nke uwa. Ha abụghị wezụga na bacteria. Nri ndị nnọchiteanya nke otu a na-heterotrophic. Otú ọ dị, na ha dị njikere rie bekee ọzọ ntule enweghị na-eme ihe ọjọọ. Ke adianade do, nke a ibikọ ọnụ nwere ọtụtụ uru.

Otu ihe atụ nke ndị dị otú ahụ bụ ngosipụta na- nitrifying bacteria na -ebi na mgbọrọgwụ nke leguminous osisi. Inweta e si ala site cracks na mkpuchi nke anụ ahụ, ha na-amalite ifịk ifịk na-aghọrọ. Nke a na-a obere, ma ọtụtụ egosipụta. Nke a na ụdị microorganisms ike idozi nitrogen, akụkụ nke ikuku na tọghata ya n'ime ihe dị ụdị maka osisi. Na nke a na ha na-kwadebere si osisi nri, nke na-na okenye ihe ngwọta.

Human symbiotic bacteria na-prokaryotes na-ebi na ya gootu. Ebe a, ha na enzymes, n'ihu Ọrụ gbawara a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke organic ogige. The bacteria nke anụ ahụ na mucous membranes gbochie resettlement nke "ọbịa" prokaryotes.

N'ihi ya, bacteria na-otu-celled prokaryotic ntule. Ha nwere ike na-onwe synthesized organic compound (autotrophs) na njikere eri (heterotrophs).