Northern Renaissance na e ji mara ya

Okwu ahụ bụ "Renaissance» ( «rinascita») bụ nke art ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere Dzhordzho Vazari. Mgbe e mesịrị, okwu e weere site French na ghọọ ndị Renaissance (Renaissance) - ya mere a na-akpọ oge. The etiti oge na ọ bụ ike ikpebi: e kweere na ọ malitere na oké otiti na 1347 na biri na biakwa obibia nke New Age, mbụ bourgeois mgbanwe. Gịnị na-di ndu n'oge a? Vasari chere na mmụọ nke oge ochie amamihe nke ọkà ihe ọmụma Gris na ndị Rom omenala. All a ka blossomed na Italy ke "nọ n'ọchịchịrị" - ya mere kpọrọ akụkọ ihe mere eme n'oge emepechabeghị. Transalpine ma ọ bụ Northern Renaissance bịara ukwuu mgbe e mesịrị Italian, na nwere ya pụta ụwa atụmatụ naanị ya.

Iji n'ebe ugwu nke Alps na Western na Central Europe maka a ogologo oge na omenala na-achị achị Gothic, nke ruru ya elu na XIV narị afọ ( "Flamboyant Gothic"). Otú ọ dị, na uzo nke XIV na XV narị afọ Burgundy, na-amalite na-iputa ese na-akpụ ihe na-apụ si n'ụkpụrụ iwu nke a nụchara anụcha Gothic. Nke a bụ n'ụzọ bụ isi Limbourg Brothers na ọkpụ K.Slyuter. Ezie na Duchy nke Burgundy gbatịrị anya ugbu French ógbè na kpuchie Belgium na Netherlands. Ọ bụghị ihe ijuanya na Northern Renaissance kasị kwesiri ngosi na mba ndị ahụ.

Ọ bụrụ na mmalite nke Italian Renaissance e jikọrọ ọdịda nke Constantinople na mbata na Italy nke a ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ si Alaeze Ukwu Byzantium, ndi nēbu ha na omenala ndị Grik, mba a na narị afọ mgbe e mesịrị wee Northern Renaissance - na Netherlands, Germany, France, England na ndị ọzọ na ogologo nọgidere na-enwe bụ ochie ele ihe anya. Ọ bụrụ na ndị Italian na nkà ihe ọmụma nke mmadụ mere anthropocentrism, na n'ebe ugwu nke Alps - pantheism.

Pantheism esetịpụ na Chineke na-diffused na ọdịdị, ma, n'ihi na odida obodo kwesịrị perpetuating na kwaaji dị ka a Chineke àgwà. The Italian Renaissance idealized uwa, kpọmkwem na-efunahụ nke ezi uche zuru ezu ma na-eje ozi dị ka a backdrop maka a Eserese. Northern Renaissance, na-achọ ka ha jide ata ụdị, na-emepụta otu nọọrọ onwe ha genre nke sere - odida obodo. Karịsịa a na-emekarị na visual nkà mụbara n'okpuru ahịhịa German nka A. Dürer, Lucas Cranach A. Altdorfer, Zh.Fuke France, Dutchman J. Patinir.

Portrait - ọzọ genre ebe ọtụtụ n'ụzọ doro anya gosiri na Northern Renaissance. Artists H. Holbein Jr. na Dürer na Germany, Rogier van der Weyden na Jan van Eyck na Niderdandah, J. na F. Clouet Clouet, Jean Fouquet na France na-agbalị igosi na ọ bụghị anụ ahụ na ịma mma nke ihu, ma na akparamaagwa nke nwoke ka e sere na kwaaji, nweta oké obi expressiveness nke image. Ịgbaso ochie aesthetics nke "ugliness", nna ukwu nke grotesque na-eji ihe karịrị kasị Ieronim Boskh.

Nke abụọ genre na eduba Northern Renaissance, a kwa ụbọchị Mpaghara. Na Italy, a isi ahịa nke art mere Church, nke chọrọ ịhụ foto nke Bible Mpaghara. Na Netherlands, ọzọ na ndị ọzọ a ma ama na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị arena nke bourgeois klas na-ewe ihe karịrị baton: ahịa Nkịtị na nka ụlọ ahịa zụta si nka ha osise megide backdrop nke ala nna ya obodo, nke, jikọtara na ịrị elu nke odida obodo, emepụta genre Mpaghara. The kasị nna ukwu nke genre Mpaghara - Pieter Bruegel nke Okenye, na-akpọ "onye oru ugbo", n'ihi na eziokwu na ọ na-enwe mmasị na-egosi ihe nkiri nke nwoke onye oru ugbo ndụ. N'ihi na ya na ndị ọzọ na "obere Dutch" e ji pụrụ iche virtuosity ịgbasochi prorisovyvanie nkọwa.